Temporal trends in the incidence rates of keratinocyte carcinomas from 1978 to 2018 in Tasmania, Australia: a population-based study

Abstract Objectives We described incidence trends of keratinocyte carcinomas (KCs)—namely basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)—in the Australian state of Tasmania. Methods We identified histologically confirmed KCs within the Tasmanian Cancer Registry (TCR) and conducted assessments to ensure data quality. Age-standardised incidence rates were calculated for first (1985–2018) and annual KCs (1978–2018). Average annual percentage changes were computed using Joinpoint regression models. Results The TCR is a reliable source of KC data. A total of 83,536 people were registered with a KC between 1978 and 2018. Age-standardised incidence rates of first KCs increased on average by 3% per annum for BCCs and 4% per annum for SCCs, reaching 363/100,000 and 249/100,000 in 2018, respectively. Age-standardised incidence rates of annual KCs increased on average by 5% per annum for BCCs and 6% per annum for SCCs, up to 891/100,000 and 514/100,000 in 2018, respectively. This increase was steeper for females than males and highest during the late 1980s and early 1990s. A change in trend around 2014 suggested that incidence rates have started to decline. Conclusion While the incidence of KCs in Tasmania increased substantially over 41 years, rates have recently plateaued and started to decline. The findings may reflect changes in sun exposure behaviours due to awareness campaigns, but high incidence rates in 2018 indicate that KCs still pose a substantial burden to this population.

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Changes in Ultraviolet Radiation Exposure to the Ocular Region: A Population-Based Study

Cancers ◽

10.3390/cancers11050719 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 719 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ezekiel Weis ◽

Sebastian Q. Vrouwe ◽

David B. LeBaron ◽

Matthew B. Parliament ◽

Jerry Shields ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Basal Cell Carcinoma ◽

Ultraviolet Radiation ◽

Cell Carcinoma ◽

Basal Cell ◽

Group Versus ◽

Population Based ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

The Body ◽

Incidence Trends ◽

Males And Females

In contrast to the well-established association between ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure and skin cancers, the relationship between UVR and uveal malignant melanoma (UM) remains controversial. To address this controversy, we evaluated the incidence rates of cutaneous malignancies in the eyelids as a proxy for UVR exposure in the ocular region using a population-based cancer registry. Overall, 74,053 cases of eyelid basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and 7890 cases of melanoma over a 26-year period (1982–2007) were analyzed. The incidence of eyelid basal cell carcinoma and uveal melanoma remained stable, whereas other cutaneous areas demonstrated an increase in the rates. A comparability test demonstrated that BCC incidence trends were significantly different between the eyelid versus both chronically exposed (males p = 0.001; females p = 0.01) and intermittently exposed skin (males and females, p = 0.0002), as well as the skin of the face (males p = 0.002; females p = 0.02). Similarly, melanoma trends were significantly different between the UM group versus both chronically exposed cutaneous melanoma (CM) (males p = 0.001; females p = 0.04) and intermittently exposed CM (males p = 0.005), as well as facial skin CM (males and females p = 0.0002). The discrepancy of cancer incidence between tumors in the peri-ocular region versus the rest of the body suggests that the peri-ocular region might have a different or unique exposure pattern to ultraviolet radiation.

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1323Trends in the incidence rates of keratinocyte carcinomas from 1978 to 2018 in Tasmania, Australia

International Journal of Epidemiology ◽

10.1093/ije/dyab168.601 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 50 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

Bruna Ragaini ◽

Leigh Blizzard ◽

Leah Newman ◽

Brian Stokes ◽

Tim Albion ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽

Basal Cell Carcinoma ◽

Cell Carcinoma ◽

Cancer Registry ◽

Squamous Cell ◽

Regression Models ◽

Sun Exposure ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

Joinpoint Regression ◽

Awareness Campaigns

Abstract Background Keratinocyte carcinomas (KCs), namely basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), are the most common cancers in Australia. We describe trends in the incidence of KCs in the state of Tasmania over 41 years. Methods We identified histologically confirmed KCs within the Tasmanian Cancer Registry. Age-standardised incidence rates were calculated for first (1985-2018) and annual KCs (1978-2018). Average annual percentage changes were computed using Joinpoint regression models. Results A total of 83,536 people were registered with a KC between 1978 and 2018. Age-standardised incidence rates of first KCs increased on average by 3% per annum for BCCs and 4% per annum for SCCs, reaching 363/100,000 and 249/100,000 in 2018, respectively. Age-standardised incidence rates of annual KCs increased on average by 5% per annum for BCCs and 6% per annum for SCCs, up to 891/100,000 and 514/100,000 in 2018, respectively. This increase was steeper for females than males and highest during the late 1980s and early 1990s. A change in trend around 2014 suggested that incidence rates have started to decline. Conclusions While the incidence of KCs in Tasmania increased substantially since 1978, it has recently plateaued and started to decline. The findings may reflect changes in sun exposure behaviours due to awareness campaigns. Key messages Incidence of KCs has increased in 41 years and despite a recent plateau and decline, KCs still pose a substantial burden to the Tasmanian population.

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Childhood cancer incidence in Canada: demographic and geographic variation of temporal trends (1992–2010)

Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada ◽

10.24095/hpcdp.38.3.01 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 38 (3) ◽

pp. 79-115 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Lin Xie ◽

Jay Onysko ◽

Howard Morrison

Keyword(s):

Childhood Cancer ◽

Cancer Incidence ◽

Research Policy ◽

Temporal Trends ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Population Based ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

Geographic Variations ◽

Incidence Trends ◽

Cancer Registry Data

Introduction Surveillance of childhood cancer incidence trends can inform etiologic research, policy and programs. This study presents the first population-based report on demographic and geographic variations in incidence trends of detailed pediatric diagnostic groups in Canada. Methods The Canadian Cancer Registry data were used to calculate annual age-standardized incidence rates (ASIRs) from 1992 to 2010 among children less than 15 years of age by sex, age and region for the 12 main diagnostic groups and selected subgroups of the International Classification of Childhood Cancer (ICCC), 3rd edition. Temporal trends were examined by annual percent changes (APCs) using Joinpoint regression. Results The ASIRs of childhood cancer among males increased by 0.5% (95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.2–0.9) annually from 1992 to 2010, whereas incidence among females increased by 3.2% (CI = 0.4–6.2) annually since 2004 after an initial stabilization. The largest overall increase was observed in children aged 1–4 years (APC = 0.9%, CI = 0.4–1.3). By region, the overall rates increased the most in Ontario from 2006 to 2010 (APC = 5.9%, CI = 1.9–10.1), and increased non-significantly in the other regions from 1992 to 2010. Average annual ASIRs for all cancers combined from 2006 to 2010 were lower in the Prairies (149.4 per million) and higher in Ontario (170.1 per million). The ASIRs increased for leukemias, melanoma, carcinoma, thyroid cancer, ependymomas and hepatoblastoma for all ages, and neuroblastoma in 1–4 year olds. Astrocytoma decreased in 10–14 year olds (APC = −2.1%, CI = −3.7 to −0.5), and among males (APC = −2.4%, CI = −4.6 to −0.2) and females (APC = −3.7%, CI = −5.8 to −1.6) in Ontario over the study period. Conclusion Increasing incidence trends for all cancers and selected malignancies are consistent with those reported in other developed countries, and may reflect the changes in demographics and etiological exposures, and artefacts of changes in cancer coding, diagnosis and reporting. Significant decreasing trend for astrocytoma in late childhood was observed for the first time.

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Incidence and risk factors for dysglycaemia in Asian-Indians: a 10-year population-based prospective cohort study

Postgraduate Medical Journal ◽

10.1136/postgradmedj-2021-141243 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. postgradmedj-2021-141243

Author(s):

Rahul Gupta ◽

Satyam Singh Jayant ◽

Ashu Rastogi ◽

Sanjay K Bhadada ◽

Anil Bhansali ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Asian Indians ◽

Sedentary Lifestyle ◽

Population Based ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

Study Cohort ◽

Family History Of Diabetes ◽

High Incidence ◽

History Of ◽

East Asia Region

BackgroundDiabetes prevalence estimates suggest an increasing trend in South-East Asia region, but studies on its incidence are limited. The current study aims to estimate the incidence of type 2 diabetes and pre-diabetes in a population-based cohort from India.MethodsA subset of Chandigarh Urban Diabetes Study cohort (n=1878) with normoglycaemia or pre-diabetes at baseline was prospectively followed after a median of 11 (0.5–11) years. Diabetes and pre-diabetes were diagnosed as per WHO guidelines. The incidence with 95% CI was calculated in 1000 person-years and Cox proportional hazard model was used to find the association between the risk factors and progression to pre-diabetes and diabetes.ResultsThe incidence of diabetes, pre-diabetes and dysglycaemia (either pre-diabetes or diabetes) was 21.6 (17.8–26.1), 18.8 (14.8–23.4) and 31.7 (26.5–37.6) per 1000 person-years, respectively. Age (HR 1.02, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.04), family history of diabetes (HR 1.56, 95% CI 1.09 to 2.25) and sedentary lifestyle (HR 1.51, 95% CI 1.05 to 2.17) predicted conversion from normoglycaemia to dysglycaemia, while obesity (HR 2.43, 95% CI 1.21 to 4.89) predicted conversion from pre-diabetes to diabetes.ConclusionA high incidence of diabetes and pre-diabetes in Asian-Indians suggests a faster conversion rate to dysglycaemia, which is partly explained by sedentary lifestyle and consequent obesity in these individuals. The high incidence rates call for a pressing need for public health interventions targeting modifiable risk factors.

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Melanoma Incidence Among Non-Hispanic Whites in All 50 US States From 2001 Through 2015

JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute ◽

10.1093/jnci/djz153 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 112 (5) ◽

pp. 533-539 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Aaron P Thrift ◽

Franciska J Gudenkauf

Keyword(s):

Incidence Rate ◽

Birth Cohort ◽

Sun Exposure ◽

The United States ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

Birth Cohorts ◽

Annual Percent Change ◽

Incidence Trends ◽

Percent Change ◽

Melanoma Incidence

Abstract Background The United States has large regional variation in primary prevention campaigns for skin cancer. We collected data from all 50 states to examine changes in melanoma incidence and performed age-period-cohort analyses to describe the simultaneous effects of age, period, and cohort on incidence rates. Methods Annual melanoma incidence rates for non-Hispanic whites from 2001 to 2015 were extracted from the US Cancer Statistics registry. Secular trends were examined overall and by sex and state. We used joinpoint regression to compute annual percent change and average annual percent change and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). We also analyzed incidence trends by 5-year age group and birth cohort using incidence rate ratios and age-period-cohort modeling. Results Melanoma incidence increased from 20.7 per 100 000 (95% CI = 20.5 to 20.9) in 2001 to 28.2 per 100 000 (95% CI = 28.0 to 28.5) in 2015, increasing by 3.90% (95% CI = 2.36% to 5.48%) annually between 2001 and 2005 and 1.68% (95% CI = 1.37% to 1.99%) annually from 2005 through 2015. The average annual percent change in melanoma incidence rates were similar for men (2.34%, 95% CI = 1.91 to 2.78) and women (2.25%, 95% CI = 1.60 to 2.91). Age-specific relative risk by birth cohort increased from circa 1921 to 1981 before decreasing. Compared with adults born circa 1956, those born circa 1991 had lower melanoma risk (incidence rate ratio = 0.85; 95% CI = 0.77 to 0.94). Geographic variation was observed; some states still have melanoma rates trending upwards in all birth cohorts. Conclusions The continued increase in melanoma incidence among non-Hispanic whites, particularly in states where rates continue to rise among recent and current birth cohorts, underscores the need for increased public health campaigns aimed at reducing sun exposure.

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Striking Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Liver Cancer Incidence Rates and Temporal Trends in California, 1988–2012

JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute ◽

10.1093/jnci/djy051 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 110 (11) ◽

pp. 1259-1269 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Christopher Pham ◽

Tse-Ling Fong ◽

Juanjuan Zhang ◽

Lihua Liu

Keyword(s):

Asian American ◽

Temporal Trends ◽

Ethnic Disparities ◽

Population Based ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

Annual Percent Change ◽

Southeast Asians ◽

Ethnic Populations ◽

Race Ethnicity ◽

Racial Ethnic

AbstractBackgroundHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is characterized by disparate risk patterns by race/ethnicity. We examined HCC incidence patterns and temporal trends among detailed racial/ethnic populations, including disaggregated Asian-American subgroups.MethodsUsing data from the population-based California Cancer Registry, we identified 41 929 invasive HCC cases diagnosed during 1988–2012. Patients were grouped into mutually exclusive racial/ethnic groups of non-Hispanic (NH) white, NH black, Hispanic, and NH Asian/Pacific Islander (API), as well as Asian subgroups of Chinese, Filipino, Japanese, Korean, Vietnamese, Cambodian, Laotian, and South Asian. Age-adjusted and age-specific incidence rates by sex, race/ethnicity, and time period were calculated. The average annual percent change (AAPC) in incidence rates was estimated using joinpoint regression. All estimates were provided with the 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsAggregated NH API had higher HCC risk than NH whites, NH blacks, and Hispanics. When disaggregated, Southeast Asians (Vietnamese, Cambodians, and Laotians) had overall HCC incidence rates eight to nine times higher than NH whites and more than twice that of other ethnic Asians. Statistically significant rising temporal trends of HCC were found in NH whites, NH blacks, and Hispanics, especially those older than age 50 years. Overall HCC risk declined in Chinese males (AAPC = –1.3%, 95% CI = –2.0 to –0.6), but rose in Filipino (AAPC = +1.2%, 95% CI = 0.3 to 2.1) and Japanese males (AAPC = +3.0%, 95% CI = 0.4 to 5.6) and Vietnamese (AAPC = +4.5%, 95% CI = 0.7 to 8.5) and Laotian (+3.4%, 95% CI = 0.1 to 6.8) females.ConclusionsOur findings provide valuable information for the identification of at-risk ethnic subgroups of Asian Americans while underscoring the importance of disaggregating ethnic populations in cancer research.

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High Incidence of a Second Primary Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Patients With Previous Head-and-Neck Cancer: A Nationwide Population-Based Study

Gastroenterology ◽

10.1016/s0016-5085(11)60402-2 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 140 (5) ◽

pp. S-98-S-99 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Charlotte Schotborgh ◽

Lifang Liu ◽

Valery Lemmens ◽

Isabelle Soerjomataram ◽

Jacques J. Bergman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽

Head And Neck Cancer ◽

Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽

Cell Carcinoma ◽

Head And Neck ◽

Squamous Cell ◽

Population Based ◽

Second Primary ◽

Population Based Study ◽

High Incidence

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The impact of risk factor trends on intracerebral hemorrhage incidence over the last two decades—The Tromsø Study

International Journal of Stroke ◽

10.1177/1747493018789996 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 61-68 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Maria Carlsson ◽

Tom Wilsgaard ◽

Stein Harald Johnsen ◽

Liv-Hege Johnsen ◽

Maja-Lisa Løchen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Intracerebral Hemorrhage ◽

Proportional Hazards ◽

Temporal Trends ◽

Population Based ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

Cox Proportional Hazards ◽

Intracerebral Hemorrhages ◽

The Impact

Background Studies on the relationship between temporal trends in risk factors and incidence rates of intracerebral hemorrhage are scarce. Aims To analyze temporal trends in risk factors and incidence rates of intracerebral hemorrhage using individual data from a population-based study. Methods We included 28,167 participants of the Tromsø Study enrolled between 1994 and 2008. First-ever intracerebral hemorrhages were registered through 31 December 2013. Hazard ratios (HRs) for intracerebral hemorrhage were analyzed by Cox proportional hazards models, risk factor levels over time by generalized estimating equations, and incidence rate ratios (IRR) by Poisson regression. Results We registered 219 intracerebral hemorrhages. Age, male sex, systolic blood pressure (BP), diastolic BP, and hypertension were associated with intracerebral hemorrhage. Hypertension was more strongly associated with non-lobar intracerebral hemorrhage (HR 5.08, 95% CI 2.86–9.01) than lobar intracerebral hemorrhage (HR 1.91, 95% CI 1.12–3.25). In women, incidence decreased significantly (IRR 0.46, 95% CI 0.23–0.90), driven by a decrease in non-lobar intracerebral hemorrhage. Incidence rates in men remained stable (IRR 1.27, 95% CI 0.69–2.31). BP levels were lower and decreased more steeply in women than in men. The majority with hypertension were untreated, and a high proportion of those treated did not reach treatment goals. Conclusions We observed a significant decrease in intracerebral hemorrhage incidence in women, but not in men. A steeper BP decrease in women may have contributed to the diverging trends. The high proportion of untreated and sub-optimally treated hypertension calls for improved strategies for prevention of intracerebral hemorrhage.

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Changing Trends in Melanoma Incidence and Decreasing Melanoma Mortality in Hungary Between 2011 and 2019: A Nationwide Epidemiological Study

Frontiers in Oncology ◽

10.3389/fonc.2020.612459 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 ◽

Author(s):

Gabriella Liszkay ◽

Zoltan Kiss ◽

Roland Gyulai ◽

Judit Oláh ◽

Péter Holló ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mortality Rates ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

Recent Change ◽

Insurance Fund ◽

Male Population ◽

Awareness Campaigns ◽

Incidence Trends ◽

Melanoma Incidence ◽

Central Statistical ◽

Central Statistical Office

BackgroundThe incidence of malignant melanoma has continually increased during the past few decades, however, certain reports suggest a recent change in trends. The aim of our study was to examine the epidemiology of melanoma in Hungary.MethodsThis nationwide, retrospective, longitudinal study included melanoma patients diagnosed between 1 January 2009 and 31 December 2019 using the databases of the National Health Insurance Fund (NHIF) and Central Statistical Office (CSO) of Hungary. Age-standardized incidence and cause-specific mortality rates were calculated.ResultsWe identified 2,426 and 2,414 new melanoma cases in 2011 and in 2019. Age-standardized incidence rates were higher in males and varied between 28.28 and 34.57/100,000 person-years (PYs), and between 22.63 and 26.72/100,000 PYs in females. We found 16.14 and 18.82% increases in male and female incidence rates from 2011 to 2015 (p=0.067 and p<0.001, respectively), and 12.77 and 11.35% decreases from 2015 to 2019 (p=0.062 and p=0.004, respectively). The change of incidence trends (2011–2015 vs. 2015–2019) was significant in females (p=0.002) and in the total melanoma population (p=0.011), but not in the male population (p=0.063). A 16.55% (95% CI: −27.07 to −4.59; p=0.013) decrease in mortality rates was found in the overall melanoma population.ConclusionsWe observed a significant trend change in melanoma incidence in the female and total melanoma population, and a significant decrease in mortality in the total melanoma population. These changes may be attributed to intensive melanoma awareness campaigns as well as to the increase in screening and access to modern therapies.

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