scholarly journals Objectivity for the research worker

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Noah van Dongen ◽  
Michał Sikorski
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
Scientific Practice ◽  
Research Worker ◽  
Scientific Objectivity ◽  
Extrasensory Perception ◽  
Way Of Thinking ◽  
Scientific Conduct

AbstractIn the last decade, many problematic cases of scientific conduct have been diagnosed; some of which involve outright fraud (e.g., Stapel, 2012) others are more subtle (e.g., supposed evidence of extrasensory perception; Bem, 2011). These and similar problems can be interpreted as caused by lack of scientific objectivity. The current philosophical theories of objectivity do not provide scientists with conceptualizations that can be effectively put into practice in remedying these issues. We propose a novel way of thinking about objectivity for individual scientists; a negative and dynamic approach.We provide a philosophical conceptualization of objectivity that is informed by empirical research. In particular, it is our intention to take the first steps in providing an empirically and methodologically informed inventory of factors that impair the scientific practice. The inventory will be compiled into a negative conceptualization (i.e., what is not objective), which could in principle be used by individual scientists to assess (deviations from) objectivity of scientific practice. We propose a preliminary outline of a usable and testable instrument for indicating the objectivity of scientific practice.

scholarly journals Multitasking as distraction: A conceptual analysis of media multitasking research

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesper Aagaard
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
Conceptual Analysis ◽  
Scientific Practice ◽  
Digital Natives ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Media Multitasking ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Harmful Effects ◽  
Qualitative Distinction

The word “multitasking” gets thrown around a lot these days. For years it was touted as the cognitive default for a new generation of digital natives, but psychologists are increasingly warning us against its harmful effects on many different forms of human activity. What exactly is meant by the concept of multitasking, however, remains peculiarly taken-for-granted. The purpose of this article is therefore to analyze, evaluate, and interpret how the word “multitasking” is currently being used in scientific practice. Taking departure in the domain of media multitasking research, the article reveals an unacknowledged normativity in the empirical research literature: Multitasking does not in fact denote a quantitative enumeration of tasks, but a qualitative distinction between on- and off-task activity. In other words, multitasking is functionally equivalent to distraction. This article discusses how this insight challenges the scientific rationality of current media multitasking research and concludes with implications for future research.

scholarly journals PERAN DAN KEDUDUKAN EMPAT PILAR DALAM PENEGAKAN HUKUM HAKIM JAKSA POLISI SERTA ADVOCAT DIHUBUNGKAN DENGAN PENEGAKAN HUKUM PADA KASUS KORUPSI

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Ali Imron
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Public Domain ◽  
Impulsive Behavior ◽  
The Public ◽  
Way Of Thinking ◽  
The Law ◽  
Sense Of Justice

This research explains the role of the four pillars in law enforcement judges, prosecutors, police and advocates. primarily address corruption need to be instilled sense of justice and implanted " morality" to the mental and cultural.enforcement espoused give someone for corruption. Because of the opportunity and intention to commit the crimes of this corruption.This research using normative and empirical research. First, the legal habitus opportunis part neofeodalistik way of thinking in law enforcement; second, habitus empowerment law that puts opportunis in the implementation of law enforcement in the public domain has the potential to move the law impulsive behavior that tends manipulative, coercive and veiled and other immoral practices . Especially matters related to corruption.  Keywords: right of children toplay, public greenopen space, the role oflocal government.

scholarly journals Doing Science: Methods and Philosophy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noah N'Djaye Nikolai van Dongen
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
Null Hypothesis ◽  
Experimental Philosophy ◽  
Scientific Practice ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Significance Test ◽  
Science Methods ◽  
Scientific Inference ◽  
Small Set ◽  
Definition Of

The content of this dissertation spans four years of work, which was carried out in the Netherlands (Tilburg University and University of Amsterdam) and Italy (University of Turin). It is part of the ERC project “Making Scientific Inference More Objective” led by professor Jan Sprenger, for which philosophy of science and empirical research were combined. The dissertation can be summarized as a small set of modest attempts to contribute to improving scientific practice. Each of these attempts was geared towards either increasing understanding of a particular problem or making a contribution to how science can be practiced. The general focus was on philosophical nuance while remaining methodologically practicable. The five papers contained in this dissertation are both methodologically and philosophically diverse. The first three (Chapters 2 through 4) are more empirical in nature and are focused on understanding and evaluating how science is practiced: a meta-analysis of semantic intuitions research in experimental philosophy; a systematic review on essay literature on the null hypothesis significance test; and an experiment on how teams of statisticians analyze the same data. The last two (Chapters 5 and 6) are focused on the improvement of scientific practice by providing tools for the improvement of empirical research with a strong philosophical foundation: a practicable and testable definition of scientific objectivity and a Bayesian operationalization of Popper’s concept of a severe test.

SOCIAL PEDIATRICS: ASPECT OR ATTITUDE?

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-99
Author(s):  
Fred J. W. Miller ◽  
R. J. H.
Keyword(s):  
Medical Care ◽  
Preventive Medicine ◽  
Policy Maker ◽  
Research Worker ◽  
Community Or ◽  
Social Pediatrics ◽  
Way Of Thinking

Definition constrains, paradoxically it does not necessarily clarify, and I have never found a definition which suffices to explain "social pediatrics." Indeed, in attempting to show what social pediatrics is, how it is provided, and how it is taught, I would rather call it an attitude toward the study of pediatrics. . . . For, rather than being an aspect or segment of a subject, it is a way of thinking and an approach to a discipline, an approach which can be acquired and used by anyone working with children, either as a clinical pediatrician in the community or hospital, as a specialist in preventive medicine, as a research worker or as a policy maker, organizer of medical care or administrator . . . . Social pediatrics, in short, is the study and care of the child in his "eco system."

scholarly journals Doing laboratory ethnography: reflections on method in scientific workplaces

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil Stephens ◽  
Jamie Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Data Science ◽  
Scientific Practice ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
Psychiatric Genetics ◽  
Surgical Tools ◽  
The Social ◽  
Interaction Order

Laboratory ethnography extended the social scientist’s gaze into the day-to-day accomplishment of scientific practice. Here we reflect upon our own ethnographies of biomedical scientific workspaces to provoke methodological discussion on the doing of laboratory ethnography. What we provide is less a ‘how to’ guide and more a commentary on what to look for and what to look at. We draw upon our empirical research with stem cell laboratories and animal houses, teams producing robotic surgical tools, musicians sonifying data science, a psychiatric genetics laboratory, and scientists developing laboratory grown meat. We use these cases to example a set of potential ethnographic themes worthy of pursuit: science epistemics and the extended laboratory, the interaction order of scientific work, sensory realms and the rending of science as sensible, conferences as performative sites, and the spaces, places and temporalities of scientific work.

scholarly journals Entrepreneurs and New Communication Technology: Obstacle or Challenge?

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-64
Author(s):  
Martina Gujić ◽  
Radojka Kraljević ◽  
Toni Milun
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Information Technology ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Communication Technology ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Marketing Communication ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
New Form ◽  
Way Of Thinking ◽  
Questionnaire Research

AbstractEntrepreneurship represents a certain way of thinking and type of behaviour; it’s a continuous search for new ideas, creativity, proactivity and initiative in achieving goals. A successful promotion of an entrepreneurial idea is achieved through marketing communication with consumers. The purpose of this empirical research was to discover the extent in which entrepreneurs use social networks as a new form of communicating with consumers. A total of 172 companies have given information through a specifically designed questionnaire. Research has shown a difference in the extent of using social networks between domestic and foreign owned companies. Moreover, companies with more educated staff have proven to be more open towards accepting information technology in their business activities. This research hasn’t shown significant statistical differences between different age groups.

Introduction

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
J. Samuel Barkin ◽  
Laura Sjoberg
Keyword(s):  
Critical Theory ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Identity Crisis ◽  
Global Politics ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
The World ◽  
The Face ◽  
Way Of Thinking

This chapter sets up an identity crisis in International Relations theorizing as the context for the currently complicated relationship between constructivism and critical theorizing, both in disciplinary International Relations–centered theory discussions and in empirical research about global politics. It argues that in the face of a proliferation of theoretical perspectives and increasing uncertainty about the nature of the world of global politics “out there,” there has been a tendency of theorists outside the “neo-neo synthesis” of realisms and liberalisms to consolidate their work into another synthesis, one between constructivist and critical International Relations. The chapter makes the preliminary case that constructivism and critical theory should be seen as orthogonal rather than complementary, and that the two should be seen as sets of tools for research and argumentation, rather than as paradigmatic unities. Finally, the chapter introduces the idea of affordances as a way of thinking about what the two can do well.

Selecting the Optimal FM System for Children With Cochlear Implants

2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
Erin C. Schafer
Keyword(s):  
Speech Recognition ◽  
Cochlear Implants ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Background Noise ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Speech Processor ◽  
System Input ◽  
Optimal Type

Children who use cochlear implants experience significant difficulty hearing speech in the presence of background noise, such as in the classroom. To address these difficulties, audiologists often recommend frequency-modulated (FM) systems for children with cochlear implants. The purpose of this article is to examine current empirical research in the area of FM systems and cochlear implants. Discussion topics will include selecting the optimal type of FM receiver, benefits of binaural FM-system input, importance of DAI receiver-gain settings, and effects of speech-processor programming on speech recognition. FM systems significantly improve the signal-to-noise ratio at the child's ear through the use of three types of FM receivers: mounted speakers, desktop speakers, or direct-audio input (DAI). This discussion will aid audiologists in making evidence-based recommendations for children using cochlear implants and FM systems.

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