scholarly journals Early-diverging fungal phyla: taxonomy, species concept, ecology, distribution, anthropogenic impact, and novel phylogenetic proposals

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerstin Voigt ◽  
Timothy Y. James ◽  
Paul M. Kirk ◽  
André L. C. M. de A. Santiago ◽  
Bruce Waldman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type Species ◽  
Anthropogenic Impact ◽  
Species Concept ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Current Application ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
New Type ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Basal Fungi

AbstractThe increasing number of new fungal species described from all over the world along with the use of genetics to define taxa, has dramatically changed the classification system of early-diverging fungi over the past several decades. The number of phyla established for non-Dikarya fungi has increased from 2 to 17. However, to date, both the classification and phylogeny of the basal fungi are still unresolved. In this article, we review the recent taxonomy of the basal fungi and re-evaluate the relationships among early-diverging lineages of fungal phyla. We also provide information on the ecology and distribution in Mucoromycota and highlight the impact of chytrids on amphibian populations. Species concepts in Chytridiomycota, Aphelidiomycota, Rozellomycota, Neocallimastigomycota are discussed in this paper. To preserve the current application of the genus Nephridiophaga (Chytridiomycota: Nephridiophagales), a new type species, Nephridiophaga blattellae, is proposed.

scholarly journals Diversity of Plant Sterols Metabolism: The Impact on Human Health, Sport, and Accumulation of Contaminating Sterols

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1623
Author(s):  
Arthur T. Kopylov ◽  
Kristina A. Malsagova ◽  
Alexander A. Stepanov ◽  
Anna L. Kaysheva
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Steroid Hormones ◽  
Intestinal Microflora ◽  
Plant Sterols ◽  
Anabolic Effect ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Sport ◽  
The Impact

The way of plant sterols transformation and their benefits for humans is still a question under the massive continuing revision. In fact, there are no receptors for binding with sterols in mammalians. However, possible biotransformation to steroids that can be catalyzed by gastro-intestinal microflora, microbial cells in prebiotics or cytochromes system were repeatedly reported. Some products of sterols metabolization are capable to imitate resident human steroids and compete with them for the binding with corresponding receptors, thus affecting endocrine balance and entire physiology condition. There are also tremendous reports about the natural origination of mammalian steroid hormones in plants and corresponding receptors for their binding. Some investigations and reports warn about anabolic effect of sterols, however, there are many researchers who are reluctant to believe in and have strong opposing arguments. We encounter plant sterols everywhere: in food, in pharmacy, in cosmetics, but still know little about their diverse properties and, hence, their exact impact on our life. Most of our knowledge is limited to their cholesterol-lowering influence and protective effect against cardiovascular disease. However, the world of plant sterols is significantly wider if we consider the thousands of publications released over the past 10 years.

Law Librarianship and Legal Information Provision in the 21st Century

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-10 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Legal Education ◽  
Legal Profession ◽  
Information Provision ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Legal Information ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Impact

AbstractIn this analysis of the future of our profession, Barbara Tearle starts by looking at the past to see how much the world of legal information has evolved and changed. She considers the nature of the profession today and then identifies key factors which she believes will be of importance in the future, including the impact of globalisation; the potential changes to the legal profession; technology; developments in legal education; increasing commercialisation and changes to the law itself.

scholarly journals The impact of African-trained neurosurgeons on sub-Saharan Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. E4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Karekezi ◽  
Abdeslam El Khamlichi ◽  
Abdessamad El Ouahabi ◽  
Najia El Abbadi ◽  
Semevo Alidegnon Ahokpossi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
National Income ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
World Federation ◽  
Neurosurgical Procedures ◽  
Ct Scanner ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Impact

OBJECTIVESub-Saharan Africa (SSA) represents 17% of the world’s land, 14% of the population, and 1% of the gross domestic product. Previous reports have indicated that 81/500 African neurosurgeons (16.2%) worked in SSA—i.e., 1 neurosurgeon per 6 million inhabitants. Over the past decades, efforts have been made to improve neurosurgery availability in SSA. In this study, the authors provide an update by means of the polling of neurosurgeons who trained in North Africa and went back to practice in SSA.METHODSNeurosurgeons who had full training at the World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies (WFNS) Rabat Training Center (RTC) over the past 16 years were polled with an 18-question survey focused on demographics, practice/case types, and operating room equipment availability.RESULTSData collected from all 21 (100%) WFNS RTC graduates showed that all neurosurgeons returned to work to SSA in 12 different countries, 90% working in low-income and 10% in lower-middle-income countries, defined by the World Bank as a Gross National Income per capita of ≤ US$995 and US$996–$3895, respectively. The cumulative population in the geographical areas in which they practice is 267 million, with a total of 102 neurosurgeons reported, resulting in 1 neurosurgeon per 2.62 million inhabitants. Upon return to SSA, WFNS RTC graduates were employed in public/private hospitals (62%), military hospitals (14.3%), academic centers (14.3%), and private practice (9.5%). The majority reported an even split between spine and cranial and between trauma and elective; 71% performed between 50 and more than 100 neurosurgical procedures/year. Equipment available varied across the cohort. A CT scanner was available to 86%, MRI to 38%, surgical microscope to 33%, endoscope to 19.1%, and neuronavigation to 0%. Three (14.3%) neurosurgeons had access to none of the above.CONCLUSIONSNeurosurgery availability in SSA has significantly improved over the past decade thanks to the dedication of senior African neurosurgeons, organizations, and volunteers who believed in forming the new neurosurgery generation in the same continent where they practice. Challenges include limited resources and the need to continue expanding efforts in local neurosurgery training and continuing medical education. Focus on affordable and low-maintenance technology is needed.

Sustaining Vernacular Architecture - Antiochia as a Sample

2005 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 83-93
Author(s):  
Meltem Yýlmaz
Keyword(s):  
Vernacular Architecture ◽  
Building Design ◽  
First Century ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Climate History ◽  
The Past ◽  
Rural Economies ◽  
The World ◽  
Current Century ◽  
The Impact

Much of the world, is currently experiencing intense growth, especially in and around cities. Most conventional practitioners of modern design and construction find it easier to make buildings as if nature and place did not exist. Cars and factories might be thought as the most obvious enemies of the environment, but buildings consume more than half the energy used worldwide. Attempts to destroy building traditions have been associated in some countries with a drive to modernize. Beyond the traditional aspects of dwelling, the impact of globalization and its effect on rural economies, environmental problems, rapid urbanization and the unprecedented scale of housing problems which confront the peoples of the world in the twenty-first century, bring a new urgency to the study of the vernacular architecture in a sustaining sense. In this work, the concept of “sustainability” will be taken into consideration especially within the building scale. Vernacular architecture in the past produced a built environment which met people's needs without deteriorating the environment. This paper discusses the concept of sustainability in building design and connects it to the vernacular architecture with the search of the vernacular Antiochia houses as a sample; focusing on its architectural properties in detail. The study concludes that what is expected of architects in the current century is, wherever they work, they are to understand and digest the nature of climate, history and culture, that is to say, to obtain inspiration from the essence of place and to contribute to the creation of relevant architecture and city for a sustainable future.

Activists in Their Forties

2019 ◽  
pp. 11-70
Author(s):  
Rachel F. Seidman
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Women Of Color ◽  
Coming Of Age ◽  
Feminist Movement ◽  
Growing Up ◽  
Direct Service ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact

The seven women in this section were born between 1966 and 1976, at the height of the burgeoning feminist movement. They discuss not only the impact of feminism on their own lives, but on their mothers as well. Some reflect on whether or not the world is a better place for their daughters than when they were growing up. Coming of age in the 1980s and 90s, these interviewees reached maturity during the rise of Reagan Republicanism and what Susan Faludi termed the “backlash” against feminism. None of these women set out at the beginning of their careers to be professional feminists; it never crossed their minds as a possibility. About half of the women in this chapter have been involved in one way or another with the intersecting worlds of journalism, academia, social media, and business, and half—all of them women of color—have worked in direct-service and non-profit organizations. With long careers and experience in a variety of contexts, these women help us understand how feminism has changed over the past twenty years, where the movement is headed, and some of the reasons why even those who undertake its work do not always embrace it wholeheartedly.

Development of Field Emission Flat Panel Displays at Motorola

1998 ◽  
Vol 509 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Talin ◽  
B. Chalamala ◽  
B. F. Coll ◽  
J. E. Jaskie ◽  
R. Petersen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Emission ◽  
Flat Panel Displays ◽  
Flat Panel Display ◽  
Field Emission Display ◽  
Flat Panel ◽  
High Brightness ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
Cathode Ray Tube ◽  
New Type

Over the past few years, Motorola, as well as several other companies around the world, have been developing a new type of flat panel display, called the field emission display (FED). The FED combines many of the advantages of its cousin, the cathode ray tube (CRT), including high brightness and contrast, wide angle viewability, and speed in a flat package that is only a few millimeters thick. A 14 cm diagonal FED prototype built at Motorola Flat Panel Display Division is shown below, in Figure 1.

scholarly journals Sciences and audiences along the last century: the impact of Astronomy Education

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (S349) ◽  
pp. 474-478
Author(s):  
Rosa M. Ros ◽  
Beatriz Garca
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Teachers ◽  
Astronomy Education ◽  
Interest In Science ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Made In ◽  
Science Activities

AbstractJust as in the past, the development of the natural sciences and in particular of astronomy has changed the history of humanity. If we think about the role of our discipline into the future, it shows its enormous power in the field of education, owing to the possibility of awakening interest in science in very varied audiences. Within the framework of the enormous progress made in the technologies related to astronomy, many of them of daily use, the role of the astronomer in the era of Communications acquires fundamental importance.In this presentation, we will try to make a journey through the different ways of presenting astronomical topics for different audiences over the last 100 years. In turn, we will show some specific achievements, associated with education programmes of the discipline. We discuss the impact produced by proposals that are both rigorous in terms of content, and also appeal to the development of the human being in an integral manner, within the framework of citizen science activities.For this research, we have taken into account the uninterrupted development of the NASE programme, which has performed 112 courses in 24 countries throughout the world and in different languages. NASE has involved 4966 secondary teachers in the last eight years.

scholarly journals A brief history of metrology: past, present, and future

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Pierre Fanton
Keyword(s):  
French Revolution ◽  
Quantum Physics ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
International System ◽  
Actual State ◽  
The Past ◽  
System Of Units ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact

In this paper, we take the freedom to paraphrase Stephen Hawking's well-known formula and approach, for a reflection about metrology. In fact, metrology has a past, a present, and a future. The past is marked by a rich series of events, of which we shall highlight only those which resulted in major turns. The impact of the French Revolution is indisputably one of them. The present corresponds to a significant evolution, which is the entry of metrology into the world of quantum physics, with the relevant changes in the International System of units (SI). An apercu of the actual state of the art of metrological technology is given. The future is characterised by a persisting need for a still enhanced metrology, in terms of performance and domain covered. In this respect, soft metrology seems to constitute a promising field for research and development.

Tat'iana Tolstaia's “Dome of Many-Coloured Glass“: The World Refracted through Multiple Perspectives

Slavic Review ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 280-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena Goscilo
Keyword(s):  
Young Woman ◽  
Young Generation ◽  
Multiple Perspectives ◽  
Russian Scientist ◽  
Russian Culture ◽  
The Past ◽  
Literary Journals ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact

Speaking recently about the impact of Mikhail Gorbachev's policy of glasnost’ on Russian culture, the exiled Russian scientist Zhores Medvedev expressed skepticism about the artistic benefits of the reforms, comparing them unfavorably to those ushered in by Khrushchev's liberalization: “Whereas Khrushchev's thaw brought many new names and new talents into literature, no new talents have emerged in the past two years.“' Medvedev's statement suggests that he has not been reading Soviet literary journals assiduously. Otherwise he would have noticed the emergence of at least one remarkably talented newcomer on the literary scene—Tat'iana Tolstaia, the most gifted young woman writing fiction in Russia today and arguably the most noteworthy prosaist of the young generation at large.

scholarly journals Audit in the context of coronavirus

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3A) ◽  
pp. 696-700
Author(s):  
Elena Ilyinichna Efremova ◽  
Natalia Alekseevna Prodanova ◽  
Kseniya Alexandrovna Kovaleva ◽  
Olga Vladimirovna Saradzheva ◽  
Galina Vladimirovna Glazkova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Economy ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Commodity Markets ◽  
Present Stage ◽  
The World ◽  
Additional Costs ◽  
New Type ◽  
National Economies ◽  
Economic Ties ◽  
The Impact

At the present stage the world economy is characterized by the process of increasing the interdependence of national economies, which is due to the stagnation of commodity markets, economic crises around the world and the presence of negative financial trends. The process of increasing the interdependence of national economies is based, among other things, on national selfishness, which is manifested more and more often. The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a temporary break in financial and economic ties and relations, which in turn leads to significant changes in both the Russian and global economy as a whole. At present, the question of the possible duration of the pandemic and the quarantine measures imposed because of it remains open, but it is obvious that the impact is not just an interruption of the activities of the national economy or an increase in the burden on budgets due to the increase in additional costs. We are talking about the formation of a new type of economy.

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