A method to estimate the impact of clear-cutting on nutrient concentrations in boreal headwater streams

The present study indicates the critical role of hydrologic connectivity in floodplain waterholes in the wet–dry tropics of northern Australia. These waterbodies provide dry-season refugia for plants and animals, are a hotspot of productivity, and are a critical part in the subsistence economy of many remote Aboriginal communities. We examined seasonal changes in water quality and aquatic plant cover of floodplain waterholes, and related changes to variation of waterhole depth and visitation by livestock. The waterholes showed declining water quality through the dry season, which was exacerbated by more frequent cattle usage as conditions became progressively drier, which also increased turbidity and nutrient concentrations. Aquatic macrophyte biomass was highest in the early dry season, and declined as the dry season progressed. Remaining macrophytes were flushed out by the first wet-season flows, although they quickly re-establish later during the wet season. Waterholes of greater depth were more resistant to the effects of cattle disturbance, and seasonal flushing of the waterholes with wet-season flooding homogenised the water quality and increased plant cover of previously disparate waterholes. Therefore, maintaining high levels of connectivity between the river and its floodplain is vital for the persistence of these waterholes.

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Experimental manipulations of the biomass of introduced carp (Cyprinus carpio) in billabongs. II. Impacts on benthic properties and processes1

Marine and Freshwater Research ◽

10.1071/mf97032 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 48 (5) ◽

pp. 445 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

A. I. Robertson ◽

M. R. Healey ◽

A. J. King

Keyword(s):

Algal Biomass ◽

Solid Phase ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Sediment Oxygen Demand ◽

Sediment Surface ◽

Nutrient Concentrations ◽

Nutrient Ratios ◽

Biofilm Development ◽

The Impact

Two billabongs on the floodplain of the Murrumbidgee River, Australia, were partitioned in half with impermeable plastic barriers and the biomass of carp was manipulated to establish high- and low-carp biomass treatments in each billabong. Measurements of benthic variables (rates of particle settlement, biofilm development, sediment respiration, macrophyte detritus decomposition, sediment solid-phase nutrient concentrations and benthic algal biomass) were performed over four months from summer to winter 1995. Rates of particle settlement were greater in the high-carp treatment of each billabong throughout the experiment. High carp biomass had a negative impact on the autotrophic component of the biofilm developing on wood blocks placed at different heights above the sediment surface but the mechanism responsible differed between billabongs. Sediment oxygen demand became greater in the presence of a higher biomass of carp during the experiment but time courses differed between billabongs. Manipulations of carp biomass did not influence algal biomass on the sediment surface, the rate of decomposition of macrophyte detritus or sediment solid-phase nutrients or nutrient ratios. The impact of carp on benthic and surficial processes was significant but the mechanisms of change differed between billabongs.

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A Review of Nontraditional Biomanipulation

The Scientific World JOURNAL ◽

10.1100/tsw.2008.144 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

pp. 1184-1196 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

Xia Zhang ◽

Ping Xie ◽

Xiaoping Huang

Keyword(s):

Algal Blooms ◽

Algal Species ◽

Planktivorous Fish ◽

Bighead Carp ◽

Cyanobacterial Blooms ◽

Management Tool ◽

Nutrient Concentrations ◽

Effective Management ◽

Nuisance Algae ◽

The Impact

The aim of this review is to identify problems, find general patterns, and extract recommendations for successful management using nontraditional biomanipulation to improve water quality. There are many obstacles that prevent traditional biomanipulation from achieving expectations: expending largely to remove planktivorous fish, reduction of external and internal phosphorus, and macrophyte re-establishment. Grazing pressure from large zooplankton is decoupled in hypereutrophic waters where cyanobacterial blooms flourish. The original idea of biomanipulation (increased zooplankton grazing rate as a tool for controlling nuisance algae) is not the only means of controlling nuisance algae via biotic manipulations. Stocking phytoplanktivorous fish may be considered to be a nontraditional method; however, it can be an effective management tool to control nuisance algal blooms in tropical lakes that are highly productive and unmanageable to reduce nutrient concentrations to low levels.Although small enclosures increase spatial overlap between predators and prey, leading to overestimates of the impact of predation, microcosm and whole-lake experiments have revealed similar community responses to major factors that regulate lake communities, such as nutrients and planktivorous fish. Both enclosure experiments and large-scale observations revealed that the initial phytoplankton community composition greatly impacted the success of biomanipulation. Long-term observations in Lake Donghu and Lake Qiandaohu have documented that silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) and bighead carp (H. nobilis) (two filter-feeding planktivorous species commonly used in management) can suppress Microcystis blooms efficiently. The introduction of silver and bighead carp could be an effective management technique in eutrophic systems that lack macrozooplankton. We confirmed that nontraditional biomanipulation is only appropriate if the primary aim is to reduce nuisance blooms of large algal species, which cannot be controlled effectively by large herbivorous zooplankton. Alternatively, this type of biomanipulation did not work efficiently in less eutrophic systems where nanophytoplankton dominated.

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Spatio-temporal variability of marine primary and export production in three global coupled climate carbon cycle models

Biogeosciences Discussions ◽

10.5194/bgd-4-1877-2007 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 1877-1921 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

B. Schneider ◽

L. Bopp ◽

M. Gehlen ◽

J. Segschneider ◽

T. L. Frölicher ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Carbon Cycle ◽

Temporal Variability ◽

Satellite Observations ◽

Future Climate Change ◽

Nutrient Concentrations ◽

Ocean Colour ◽

Coupled Models ◽

Low Latitude ◽

Export Production ◽

The Impact

Abstract. This study compares spatial and temporal variability in net primary productivity (PP) and particulate organic carbon (POC) export production (EP) from three different coupled climate carbon cycle models (IPSL, MPIM, NCAR) with observation-based estimates derived from satellite measurements of ocean colour and inverse modelling. Satellite observations of ocean colour have shown that temporal variability of PP on the global scale is largely dominated by the permanently stratified, low-latitude ocean (Behrenfeld et al., 2006)\\nocite{Behrenfeld06} with stronger stratification (higher SSTs) leading to negative PP anomalies and vice versa. Results from all three coupled models confirm the role of the low-latitude, permanently stratified ocean for global PP anomalies. Two of the models also reproduce the inverse relationship between stratification (SST) and PP, especially in the equatorial Pacific. With the help of the model results we are able to explain the chain of cause and effect leading from stratification (SST) through nutrient concentrations to PP and finally to EP. There are significant uncertainties in observational PP and especially EP. Our finding of a good agreement between independent estimates from coupled models and satellite observations provides increased confidence that such models can be used as a first basis to estimate the impact of future climate change on marine productivity and carbon export.

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The impact of aluminium on green algae isolated from two hydrochemically different headwater streams, Bavaria, Germany

Environmental Pollution ◽

10.1016/0269-7491(90)90172-9 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 67 (1) ◽

pp. 61-77 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Jörg Lindemann ◽

Elisabeth Holtkamp ◽

Reimer Herrmann

Keyword(s):

Green Algae ◽

Headwater Streams ◽

The Impact

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The impact of agricultural management practices on nutrient losses to water: data on the effects of soil drainage characteristics

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2005.0577 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 51 (3-4) ◽

pp. 73-81 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

I. Kurz ◽

H. Tunney ◽

C.E. Coxon

Keyword(s):

Heavy Rainfall ◽

Management Practices ◽

Overland Flow ◽

Grassland Management ◽

Drainage Water ◽

Nutrient Concentrations ◽

Soil P ◽

Total Ammonia ◽

Reactive Phosphorus ◽

The Impact

Against the background of increasing nutrient concentrations in Irish water bodies, this study set out to gain information on the potential of agricultural grassland to lose nutrients to water. Overland flow, flow from artificial subsurface drains and stream flow were gauged and sampled during heavy rainfall events. Dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP), potassium (K), total ammonia (TA), and total oxidised nitrogen (TON) were measured in water samples. When the nutrient concentrations in water were examined in relation to the grassland management practices of the study catchments it emerged that soil P levels, the application of organic and inorganic fertilisers before heavy rainfall and the presence of grazing animals could all influence nutrient concentrations in surface and subsurface drainage water. Overall, the drainage characteristics of soil were found to have a considerable influence on the potential of land to lose nutrients to water.

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Nutrient Addition to Low pH Base Wines (L. cv. Riesling) during Yeast Acclimatization for Sparkling Wine: Its Influence on Yeast Cell Growth, Sugar Consumption and Nitrogen Usage

Beverages ◽

10.3390/beverages6010010 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 10

Author(s):

Belinda Kemp ◽

Jessy Plante ◽

Debra L. Inglis

Keyword(s):

Alcoholic Fermentation ◽

Low Ph ◽

Nutrient Concentrations ◽

Sparkling Wine ◽

Sugar Consumption ◽

Wine Production ◽

Nutrient Sources ◽

Time Required ◽

The Impact ◽

Kinetics Of

In traditional method sparkling wine production, to carry out a successful second alcoholic fermentation, yeast are acclimatized to stressful base wine conditions. Base wines typically have low pH, low nutrient concentrations, high acid concentrations, contain sulfur dioxide (SO2), and high ethanol concentrations. Supplementing yeast during the acclimatization stages prior to second alcoholic fermentation with different nutrient sources was assessed to determine the impact on yeast growth, sugar consumption and nitrogen usage. Four treatments were tested with Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain EC1118: the control (T1) with no additives; addition of diammonium phosphate (DAP) during acclimatization, (T2); Go-Ferm® inclusion during yeast rehydration (GF), (T3); and DAP + GF (T4). Results (n = 4) indicated that supplementing with DAP, GF or DAP + GF increased both the rate of sugar consumption and the concentration of viable cells during the yeast acclimatization phase in comparison to the control. Treatments supplemented with DAP + GF or DAP alone resulted in yeast consuming 228 and 220 mg N/L during the acclimatization phase, respectively. Yeast treated only with GF consumed 94 mg N/L in comparison to the control, which consumed 23 mg N/L. The time required to reach the target specific gravity (1.010) during acclimatization was significantly reduced to 57 h for yeast treated with DAP and GF, 69 h for yeast treated with DAP only and 81 h for yeast rehydrated with GF in comparison to 105 h for the control. Our results suggest that nutrients used during yeast acclimatization could have an important impact on the kinetics of second alcoholic fermentation.

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Intensive monitoring of conventional and surrogate quality parameters in a highly urbanized river affected by multiple combined sewer overflows

Water Science & Technology Water Supply ◽

10.2166/ws.2018.146 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 19 (3) ◽

pp. 953-966 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

D. Copetti ◽

L. Marziali ◽

G. Viviano ◽

L. Valsecchi ◽

L. Guzzella ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Total Phosphorus ◽

Laboratory Data ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Nutrient Concentrations ◽

Combined Sewer Overflows ◽

Continuous Measurements ◽

Combined Sewer ◽

Early Peak ◽

Sewer Overflows ◽

The Impact

Abstract The paper reports results of four intensive campaigns carried out on the Seveso River (Milan metropolitan area, Italy) between 2014 and 2016, during intense precipitation events. Laboratory analyses were coupled with on-site, continuous measurements to assess the impact of pollutants on water quality based on both conventional and surrogate parameters. Laboratory data included total suspended solids, caffeine, total phosphorus and nitrogen, and their dissolved forms. Screening of trace metals (Cr, Cu, Pb, Ni, Cd) and PBDEs (polybromodiphenylethers) was carried out. Continuous measurements included water level, physico-chemical variables and turbidity. Nutrient concentrations were generally high (e.g. average total phosphorus > 1,000 μg/L) indicating strong sewage contributions. Among monitored pollutants Cr, Cu, Pb, and Cd concentrations were well correlated to TSS, turbidity and discharge, being bound mostly to suspended particulate matter. A different behavior was found for Ni, that showed an early peak occurring before the flow peak, as a result of first flush events. PBDEs correlated well to nutrient concentrations, showing the highest peaks soon after activation of the combined sewer overflows, likely because of its accumulation in sewers. In addition to showing the existing correlations between quality parameters, the paper highlights the importance of surrogate parameters as indicators of anthropic pollution inputs.

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Influence of Plantation Establishment on Discharge Characteristics in a Small Catchment of Tropical Forest

International Journal of Forestry Research ◽

10.1155/2014/408409 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Siti Aisah Shamsuddin ◽

Zulkifli Yusop ◽

Shoji Noguchi

Keyword(s):

Water Yield ◽

Plantation Establishment ◽

Forest Plantation ◽

Small Catchment ◽

Forested Catchment ◽

Clear Cut ◽

Clear Cutting ◽

Before And After ◽

Hopea Odorata ◽

The Impact

A study was conducted on the impact of forest clearance on discharge from newly established Hopea odorata plantations catchment (14.4 ha). The stands were two years old when this study commenced in year 2006 and the data collection was carried out for two years. The forested catchment (C3) was clear-cut during the preparation of the forest plantation and catchment C1 was left undisturbed. Discharge and rainfall were measured continuously for two years. The discharge measured from years 1997 to 2003 was used also to determine the water yield before and after forest clear-cut. This study showed that the plantation catchment is more responsive to storm with higher total water yield than in the forested catchment. The effect of forest clear cutting to discharge was clearly shown by the increment in the amount following the clear-cut activities and time taken for the recovery of the discharge back to its original state was almost three years. The peak discharge in C3 also was affected in which the biggest change was obtained during the forest clear-cutting period compared with during calibration and after clearing periods. This study is useful as basis for improving the existing guidelines on forest plantation establishment.

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Effects of intermittency and land use on the in-stream phosphorus and organic carbon uptake

10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-2337 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Gabriele Weigelhofer ◽

Matthias Pucher

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Organic Carbon ◽

Dissolved Organic Carbon ◽

Hyporheic Zone ◽

Agricultural Land ◽

Headwater Streams ◽

Phosphorus Release ◽

Nutrient Concentrations ◽

Agricultural Land Use ◽

First Results

Understanding the consequences of the interplay between land use and climate change is among the most pressing challenges of the 21st century for river managers. Over the past decades, agricultural land use has altered nutrient concentrations and stoichiometric ratios in stream ecosystems, thereby affecting aquatic biogeochemical cycles and the coupling among carbon, phosphorus, and nitrogen. In addition, the frequency and duration of droughts has increased dramatically across Europe, causing perennial streams to shift to intermittency and changing the capacity of sediments for the uptake and storage of macronutrients.Our study aims to understand the effects of drying and re-wetting on the uptake, storage, and release of phosphorus and organic carbon from the benthic and the hyporheic zone of headwater streams under the additional stressor of agricultural land use. In specific, we are interested in the potential coupling and decoupling of phosphorus and dissolved organic carbon cycling in autotrophic and heterotrophic benthic biofilms. We sampled headwater streams before, during, and after the dry period in 2018 and 2019 and performed laboratory experiments with artificial drying and re-wetting and additions of dissolved organic carbon. We measured nutrient uptake and release, microbial biomass, respiration, and the activity of extra-cellular enzymes. The first results show an increased phosphorus release from the sediments immediately after re-wetting, foolowed by a reduced uptake capacity. The uptake of DOC was correlated with phosphorus in autotrophic biofilms, but not in heterotrophic ones.

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