scholarly journals The Nutrition-COVID-19 Interplay: a Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet Antwi ◽  
Bernard Appiah ◽  
Busayo Oluwakuse ◽  
Brenda A. Z. Abu
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Nutrition Support ◽  
Lifestyle Behaviors ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Double Burden ◽  
Nutritional Interventions ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Purpose of Review Nutritional status is affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, directly or indirectly. Even with the recent rollout of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines and availability of medicines such as remdesivir, and monoclonal antibodies, host nutritional status is pivotal in the fight against the acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and outcomes. The purpose of this review is to discuss the effects of COVID-19-related lockdown on lifestyle behaviors, and the nutritional consequences, and the direct sequelae of the infection on nutrition including potential nutritional interventions. Recent Findings The COVID-19-related lockdown imposed radical changes in lifestyle behaviors with considerable short-term and long-term health and nutritional consequences including weight gain and obesity and increased cardiometabolic risk, consistently linked to worsened prognosis. The extent of the impact was dependent on food insecurity, overall stress and disordered eating, physical inactivity, and exposure to COVID-19-related nutrition information sources. COVID-19 could directly induce inflammatory responses and poor nutrient intake and absorption leading to undernutrition with micronutrient deficiencies, which impairs immune system function with subsequent amplified risk of infection and disease severity. Nutrition interventions through nutrition support, dietary supplementation, and home remedies such as use of zinc, selenium, vitamin D, and omega-3 fatty acids showed the most significant promise to mitigate the course of COVID-19 infection and improve survival rates. Summary The nutrition-COVID-19 relationship and related dietary changes mimic a vicious cycle of the double burden of malnutrition, both obesity and undernutrition with micronutrient deficiencies, which promote infection, disease progression, and potential death.

scholarly journals Parenteral Fish-Oil Containing Lipid Emulsions Limit Initial Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Host Immune Responses in Preterm Pigs

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 205
Author(s):  
William Yakah ◽  
David Ramiro-Cortijo ◽  
Pratibha Singh ◽  
Joanne Brown ◽  
Barbara Stoll ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Postnatal Period ◽  
Lipid Emulsions ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Oil Emulsion ◽  
Mixed Oil ◽  
The Impact

Multicomponent lipid emulsions are available for critical care of preterm infants. We sought to determine the impact of different lipid emulsions on early priming of the host and its response to an acute stimulus. Pigs delivered 7d preterm (n = 59) were randomized to receive different lipid emulsions for 11 days: 100% soybean oil (SO), mixed oil emulsion (SO, medium chain olive oil and fish oil) including 15% fish oil (MO15), or 100% fish oil (FO100). On day 11, pigs received an 8-h continuous intravenous infusion of either lipopolysaccharide (LPS—lyophilized Escherichia coli) or saline. Plasma was collected for fatty acid, oxylipin, metabolomic, and cytokine analyses. At day 11, plasma omega-3 fatty acid levels in the FO100 groups showed the highest increase in eicosapentaenoic acid, EPA (0.1 ± 0.0 to 9.7 ± 1.9, p < 0.001), docosahexaenoic acid, DHA (day 0 = 2.5 ± 0.7 to 13.6 ± 2.9, p < 0.001), EPA and DHA-derived oxylipins, and sphingomyelin metabolites. In the SO group, levels of cytokine IL1β increased at the first hour of LPS infusion (296.6 ± 308 pg/mL) but was undetectable in MO15, FO100, or in the animals receiving saline instead of LPS. Pigs in the SO group showed a significant increase in arachidonic acid (AA)-derived prostaglandins and thromboxanes in the first hour (p < 0.05). No significant changes in oxylipins were observed with either fish-oil containing group during LPS infusion. Host priming with soybean oil in the early postnatal period preserves a higher AA:DHA ratio and the ability to acutely respond to an external stimulus. In contrast, fish-oil containing lipid emulsions increase DHA, exacerbate a deficit in AA, and limit the initial LPS-induced inflammatory responses in preterm pigs.

scholarly journals The Presurgical Controlling Nutritional Status (CONUT) Score is Independently Associated with Severe Peristomal Skin Disorders: A Single-center Retrospective Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takuya Shiraishi ◽  
Hiroomi Ogawa ◽  
Chika Katayama ◽  
Katsuya Osone ◽  
Takuhisa Okada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Laparoscopic Approach ◽  
Skin Disorders ◽  
Nutritional Interventions ◽  
Stoma Creation ◽  
Peristomal Skin ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Conut Score

Abstract Purpose: While nutritional interventions may potentially lower the risk of peristomal skin disorders (PSDs) and their exacerbation, no prior studies have evaluated the relationship between PSDs and nutritional status using the Controlling Nutritional Status (CONUT) score. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess the impact of preoperative nutritional status on stoma development, and determine risk factors for postoperative PSDs and their increased severity. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed in 116 consecutive patients with rectal cancer who underwent radical surgery with stoma creation, including ileostomy and colostomy. Results: PSDs were diagnosed in 32 patients (27.6%); 10 (8.7%) cases were defined as severe based on the ABCD-stoma score. A multivariate analysis indicated that the laparoscopic approach (odds ratio [OR], 3.221; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.001–10.362; P = 0.050) and ileostomy (OR, 3.394; 95% CI, 1.349–8.535; P = 0.009) were both independent risk factors for PSD. In a separate multivariate analysis for severe PSD, the only independent risk factor was the CONUT score (OR, 11.298; 95% CI, 1.382–92.373; P = 0.024). Conclusion: Severe PSDs are associated with preoperative nutritional disorders, as determined via the CONUT score. Furthermore, PSDs may potentially increase in severity, regardless of stoma type.

scholarly journals The Importance of Assessing Nutritional Status to Ensure Optimal Recovery during the Chronic Phase of Stroke

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica C. Serra
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Psychological Functioning ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Chronic Phase ◽  
Optimal Recovery ◽  
Nutritional Risk ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background. Despite evidence that many of the consequences of stroke that hinder recovery (i.e., obesity, muscle atrophy, and functional declines) have nutritionally modifiable behavior components, little attention has been focused on the significance of nutrition beyond the acute phase of stroke.Objective. This literature review summarizes the evidence for and against the influence of nutrition on optimal recovery and rehabilitation in chronic (>6 months) stroke.Results. The literature, which is mainly limited to cross-sectional studies, suggests that a suboptimal nutritional status, including an excess caloric intake, reduced protein intake, and micronutrient deficiencies, particularly the B-vitamins, vitamin D, and omega 3 fatty acids, may have deleterious effects on metabolic, physical, and psychological functioning in chronic stroke survivors.Conclusions. Careful evaluation of dietary intake, especially among those with eating disabilities and preexisting malnutrition, may aid in the identification of individuals at increased nutritional risk through which early intervention may benefit recovery and rehabilitation and prevent further complications after stroke.

scholarly journals The Role of Immunonutrition in Patients Undergoing Pancreaticoduodenectomy

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2547 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beata Jabłońska ◽  
Sławomir Mrowiec
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Enhanced Recovery ◽  
Disease Free Survival ◽  
Infectious Complications ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Oral Supplementation ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Hospital Stays ◽  
Complex Surgical Procedures ◽  
The Impact

Pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) is one of the most difficult and complex surgical procedures in abdominal surgery. Malnutrition and immune dysfunction in patients with pancreatic cancer (PC) may lead to a higher risk of postoperative infectious complications. Although immunonutrition (IN) is recommended for enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) in patients undergoing PD for 5–7 days perioperatively, its role in patients undergoing pancreatectomy is still unclear and controversial. It is known that the proper surgical technique is very important in order to reduce a risk of postoperative complications, such as a pancreatic fistula, and to improve disease-free survival in patients following PD. However, it has been proven that IN decreases the risk of infectious complications, and shortens hospital stays in patients undergoing PD. This is a result of the impact on altered inflammatory responses in patients with cancer. Both enteral and parenteral, as well as preoperative and postoperative IN, using various nutrients, such as glutamine, arginine, omega-3 fatty acids and nucleotides, is administered. The most frequently used preoperative oral supplementation is recommended. The aim of this paper is to present the indications and benefits of IN in patients undergoing PD.

scholarly journals Tackling the triple threats of childhood malnutrition

BMC Medicine ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha Mwangome ◽  
Andrew M. Prentice
Keyword(s):  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Double Burden ◽  
Physical Size ◽  
Obesity Epidemic ◽  
Nutritional Health ◽  
Hidden Hunger ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Poor Nutrition

AbstractThe term ‘double burden of malnutrition’ is usually interpreted in terms of the physical status of children: stunted and wasted children on the one hand and overweight/obese children on the other. There is a third category of malnutrition that can occur at either end of the anthropometric spectrum or, indeed, in children whose physical size may be close to ideal. This third type is most commonly articulated with the phrase ‘hidden hunger’ and is often illustrated by micronutrient deficiencies; thus, we refer to it here as ‘undernutrition’. As understanding of such issues advances, we realise that there is a myriad of factors that may be influencing a child’s road to nutritional health. In this BMC Medicine article collection we consider these influences and the impact they have, such as: the state of the child’s environment; the effect this has on their risk of, and responses to, infection and on their gut; the consequences of poor nutrition on cognition and brain development; the key drivers of the obesity epidemic across the globe; and how undernourishment can affect a child’s body composition. This collection showcases recent advances in the field, but likewise highlights ongoing challenges in the battle to achieve adequate nutrition for children across the globe.

A randomized phase III double-blind clinical trial (S1600) evaluating the effect of immune-enhancing nutrition on radical cystectomy outcomes.

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (6_suppl) ◽  
pp. TPS529-TPS529
Author(s):  
Jill Hamilton-Reeves ◽  
Jeffrey M. Holzbeierlein ◽  
Joseph M. Unger ◽  
Danika L Lew ◽  
Michael Jordan Fisch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Radical Cystectomy ◽  
Complication Rate ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
The Impact

TPS529 Background: This phase III trial will compare the impact of consuming Specialized IMmunonutrition (SIM) to oral nutritional support on postoperative complications after radical cystectomy. Specialized IMmunonutrition is fortified with nutrients (L-arginine, omega-3 fatty acids, dietary nucleotides, and vitamin A) that have immediate effects on immune and inflammatory responses, muscle sparing, and wound healing after surgery. Methods: Two hundred patients will be randomized in a 1:1 fashion to one of two arms. Subjects will be stratified by diversion type (neobladder vs. ileal conduit) and whether the patient had neoadjuvant chemotherapy (any vs. none) to balance the intervention assignment according to important prognostic factors. Nutrition drinks are given three times a day for 5 days before and 5 days after surgery. The primary endpoint is 30 day overall complication rate. Two hundred patients gives 80% power to detect an absolute reduction of 23% in the 30 day overall complication rate (from 65% down to 42%). Secondary endpoints will assess infections, muscle mass, readmissions, quality of life, recurrence, DFS, OS, immune response, cytokines, amino acids, and fatty acids. The trial is testing a high yield, low-risk, low-cost strategy to improve the outcome of patients with bladder cancer who undergo cystectomy. Funding: NIH/NCI/DCP grant award UG1CA189974. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health.

P1474IMPACT OF MALNUTRITION ON HEALTH-RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE IN DIALYSIS PATIENTS: A PROSPECTIVE STUDY

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (Supplement_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Viramontes Horner ◽  
Fiona Willingham ◽  
Zoe Pittman ◽  
Nicholas Selby ◽  
Maarten Taal
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Health State ◽  
Dialysis Patients ◽  
Nutritional Interventions ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related ◽  
The Impact ◽  
State Score

Abstract Background and Aims Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is severely impaired in dialysis patients compared to the general population. Previous studies have shown that malnutrition, a frequent complication and independent risk factor for mortality in the dialysis population, is associated with poor HRQoL. However, there is no published evidence regarding the impact of malnutrition on change in HRQoL over time. We sought to determine the most important predictors of poor HRQoL as well as the determinants of change in HRQoL over time in dialysis patients, with a particular focus on malnutrition. Method We enrolled 119 haemodialysis and 31 peritoneal dialysis patients in a 1-year single-centre prospective observational study. HRQoL was assessed using the physical and mental component scores (PCS and MCS, respectively) from the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey and the health state and visual analogue scores from the European Quality of Life 5-Dimensions (EQ5D) questionnaire. The 7-point scale Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) was performed to evaluate nutritional status. Energy, protein and fat intake, biochemical variables, anthropometric measurements and handgrip strength (HGS) were also measured. All study assessments were performed at baseline, 6 and 12 months. Results Mean age was 64±14 years. Malnutrition was present in 37% of the population (as determined by 7-point SGA). Patients with malnutrition and diabetes had significantly lower MCS, PCS and EQ5D scores compared to well-nourished and non-diabetic patients, respectively. At baseline, chronological age, serum albumin, energy and protein intake, and HGS correlated positively with PCS and EQ5D health state score. Multivariable analysis at baseline identified malnutrition as the strongest independent predictor of decreased HRQoL, after adjusting for confounders (Table 1). Patients who stayed or became malnourished during one year showed a significant decrease in MCS, PCS and EQ5D health state score at 12 months compared to baseline. This same group of patients had significantly lower MCS, PCS and EQ5D scores at baseline and 12 months compared to those who stayed or became well-nourished during one year. Prevalent/development of malnutrition was independently and significantly associated with the 1-year decrease in MCS and EQ5D health state score. In addition, a decrease in serum total protein and dietary protein intake (markers of malnutrition) were identified as independent determinants of 1-year decrease in MCS, PCS and EQ5D health state score. Conclusion We observed in this prospective observational study that presence of malnutrition was the most important and strongest independent predictor of decreased HRQoL in this dialysis population. Furthermore, prevalence/development of malnutrition and a decrease in markers of nutritional status were independently associated with a decrease in some HRQoL scores over 1 year. These findings strengthen the importance of undertaking screening to identify malnutrition, and providing specialised, individualised nutritional advice to all dialysis patients in order to prevent and/or improve nutritional status. Future studies with larger sample sizes, longer follow-up, and which include evaluation of barriers to effective nutritional interventions are needed to evaluate the impact of nutritional interventions on HRQoL and other long-term outcomes.

Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Physical Performance Optimization

2013 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy D. Mickleborough
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Exercise Performance ◽  
Performance Optimization ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Cell Deformability ◽  
Pufa Supplementation ◽  
The Impact

Increased muscle oxidative stress and inflammatory responses among athletes have been reported consistently. In addition, it is well known that exhaustive or unaccustomed exercise can lead to muscle fatigue, delayed-onset muscle soreness, and a decrement in performance. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have been shown to decrease the production of inflammatory eicosanoids, cytokines, and reactive oxygen species; have immunomodulatory effects; and attenuate inflammatory diseases. While a number of studies have assessed the efficacy of omega-3 PUFA supplementation on red blood cell deformability, muscle damage, inflammation, and metabolism during exercise, only a few have evaluated the impact of omega-3 PUFA supplementation on exercise performance. It has been suggested that the ingestion of EPA and DHA of approximately 1–2 g/d, at a ratio of EPA to DHA of 2:1, may be beneficial in counteracting exercise-induced inflammation and for the overall athlete health. However, the human data are inconclusive as to whether omega-3 PUFA supplementation at this dosage is effective in attenuating the inflammatory and immunomodulatory response to exercise and improving exercise performance. Thus, attempts should be made to establish an optimal omega-3 fatty-acid dosage to maximize the risk-to-reward ratio of supplementation. It should be noted that high omega-3 PUFA consumption may lead to immunosuppression and prolong bleeding time. Future studies investigating the efficacy of omega-3 PUFA supplementation in exercise-trained individuals should consider using an exercise protocol of sufficient duration and intensity to produce a more robust oxidative and inflammatory response.

scholarly journals RISK FACTORS OF SHORT-FAT STATUS NUTRITION AMONG CHILDREN AGED 12-23 MONTHS IN INDONESIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 216-222
Author(s):  
Imtihanatun Najahah ◽  
Linda Meliati ◽  
Mutiara Rahmawati Suseno
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Complementary Feeding ◽  
Complementary Food ◽  
Nutrition Status ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Double Burden

Indonesia has a double burden, which is besides facing the problem of malnutrition and other micronutrient deficiencies, Indonesia also faced the problem of obesity. Prevalence of short-fat status nutrition in Indonesia amounted to 6.8% in 2013. This study aimed at determining the risk factors for short-fat status nutrition in children aged 12-23 months in Indonesia.The design of this study was a cross-sectional study using secondary data from basic health Research (RISKESDAS) 2013, with a sample size of 378,308 children aged 12-23 months. the dependent variable in this study is short-fat nutrition status and the independent variables are exclusive breastfeeding, complementary feeding, neonatal visit, immunization, and Giving of Vitamin A. Further analysis of the data in several steps include univariate, bivariate (chi -Square), and multivariate (logistic regression). Sample of this study is mostly male 204,030 (53.9%) with the nutritional status based on the combined height/age and weight/height is not shot-fat status nutrition 352450 (93.2%). Based on bivariate test results, four variables are to be the risk factors in this study, are not exclusive breastfeeding OR = 1.047, Complementary food OR = 1.136, immunization OR = 0.761, and vitamin A consumption OR = 0.601. While the neonatal care visits variable as the risk factor. Multivariate analysis showed that the most dominant variable is the provision of complementary food OR 1.158 (95% CI 1.127 to 1.189). From these results, it can be concluded that giving complementary feeding is the most responsible for the short-fat nutrition status in children aged 12-23 months. Prevention efforts need to through monitoring the nutritional status of children, especially monitoring the growth of body length or height by age as early as possible for early detection of nutritional problems in children, so that management can quickly prevent that case.

scholarly journals Immunonutrition: Modulating the immune response in critically ill and surgical patients through nutrition

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (7) ◽  
pp. 82
Author(s):  
Scarlet Louis-Jean ◽  
Danik Martirosyan
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Critically Ill ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Branched Chain Amino Acids ◽  
Surgical Patients ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Nutritional Interventions ◽  
Branched Chain

Background: Immunonutrition is a term given to nutritional interventions that modulate the immune and inflammatory responses in critically-ill and surgical patients.  This is accomplished via the enteral or parenteral administration of formulas containing an array of immunonutrients in amounts greater than normally found in the diet. Some of the more commonly used immunonutrients include arginine, glutamine, branched-chain amino acids, omega-3 (n-3) fatty acids, trace metals (e.g. zinc, copper, iron), and nucleotides or antioxidants.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document