Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Physical Performance Optimization

2013 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy D. Mickleborough
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Exercise Performance ◽  
Performance Optimization ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Cell Deformability ◽  
Pufa Supplementation ◽  
The Impact

Increased muscle oxidative stress and inflammatory responses among athletes have been reported consistently. In addition, it is well known that exhaustive or unaccustomed exercise can lead to muscle fatigue, delayed-onset muscle soreness, and a decrement in performance. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have been shown to decrease the production of inflammatory eicosanoids, cytokines, and reactive oxygen species; have immunomodulatory effects; and attenuate inflammatory diseases. While a number of studies have assessed the efficacy of omega-3 PUFA supplementation on red blood cell deformability, muscle damage, inflammation, and metabolism during exercise, only a few have evaluated the impact of omega-3 PUFA supplementation on exercise performance. It has been suggested that the ingestion of EPA and DHA of approximately 1–2 g/d, at a ratio of EPA to DHA of 2:1, may be beneficial in counteracting exercise-induced inflammation and for the overall athlete health. However, the human data are inconclusive as to whether omega-3 PUFA supplementation at this dosage is effective in attenuating the inflammatory and immunomodulatory response to exercise and improving exercise performance. Thus, attempts should be made to establish an optimal omega-3 fatty-acid dosage to maximize the risk-to-reward ratio of supplementation. It should be noted that high omega-3 PUFA consumption may lead to immunosuppression and prolong bleeding time. Future studies investigating the efficacy of omega-3 PUFA supplementation in exercise-trained individuals should consider using an exercise protocol of sufficient duration and intensity to produce a more robust oxidative and inflammatory response.

scholarly journals Polyunsaturated fatty acids in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus W. Lange ◽  
Joachim Hauser ◽  
Shigehiko Kanaya ◽  
Ivo Kaunzinger ◽  
Katharina M Lange ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Dietary Pufa ◽  
Blood Concentrations ◽  
Pufa Supplementation ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder

Background: Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common behavioral disorders in children. Insufficient dietary intake of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) has been suggested to have an impact on the development of symptoms of ADHD in children. Individuals with ADHD have been demonstrated to have significantly reduced blood concentrations of PUFAs and, in particular, reduced levels of omega-3 (n-3) PUFAs. These findings suggest that PUFA supplementation may reduce the attention and behavior problems associated with ADHD.Objective: To provide an overview of the efficacy of dietary LC-PUFA supplementation in the treatment of ADHD. Methods: Literature published up until December 2013 on the effects of n-3 PUFA supplementation on ADHD symptoms was obtained using a PubMed search and critically reviewed.Results: Dietary PUFA supplementation appears to have beneficial effects on ADHD symptoms although these effects are small. The clinical relevance of these observations remains to be determined.Conclusion: There is only limited support for the efficacy of PUFA supplementation for the core symptoms of ADHD. Given the small effect sizes regarding PUFA supplementation, it may not be a sufficient therapy for a majority of patients with ADHD.Keywords: diet, nutrition, polyunsaturated fatty acid, PUFA, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, ADHD

scholarly journals Omega-3 Versus Omega-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in the Prevention and Treatment of Inflammatory Skin Diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 741 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anamaria Balić ◽  
Domagoj Vlašić ◽  
Kristina Žužul ◽  
Branka Marinović ◽  
Zrinka Bukvić Mokos
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Inflammatory Skin Diseases ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Omega 6 ◽  
Inflammatory Skin

Omega-3 (ω-3) and omega-6 (ω-6) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are nowadays desirable components of oils with special dietary and functional properties. Their therapeutic and health-promoting effects have already been established in various chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases through various mechanisms, including modifications in cell membrane lipid composition, gene expression, cellular metabolism, and signal transduction. The application of ω-3 and ω-6 PUFAs in most common skin diseases has been examined in numerous studies, but their results and conclusions were mostly opposing and inconclusive. It seems that combined ω-6, gamma-linolenic acid (GLA), and ω-3 long-chain PUFAs supplementation exhibits the highest potential in diminishing inflammatory processes, which could be beneficial for the management of inflammatory skin diseases, such as atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, and acne. Due to significant population and individually-based genetic variations that impact PUFAs metabolism and associated metabolites, gene expression, and subsequent inflammatory responses, at this point, we could not recommend strict dietary and supplementation strategies for disease prevention and treatment that will be appropriate for all. Well-balanced nutrition and additional anti-inflammatory PUFA-based supplementation should be encouraged in a targeted manner for individuals in need to provide better management of skin diseases but, most importantly, to maintain and improve overall skin health.

scholarly journals Health Implications of High Dietary Omega-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Patterson ◽  
R. Wall ◽  
G. F. Fitzgerald ◽  
R. P. Ross ◽  
C. Stanton
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Lipid Mediator ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Signalling Molecules ◽  
Omega 6 ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Omega-6 (n-6) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (e.g., arachidonic acid (AA)) and omega-3 (n-3) PUFA (e.g., eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)) are precursors to potent lipid mediator signalling molecules, termed “eicosanoids,” which have important roles in the regulation of inflammation. In general, eicosanoids derived from n-6 PUFA are proinflammatory while eicosanoids derived from n-3 PUFA are anti-inflammatory. Dietary changes over the past few decades in the intake of n-6 and n-3 PUFA show striking increases in the (n-6) to (n-3) ratio (~15 : 1), which are associated with greater metabolism of the n-6 PUFA compared with n-3 PUFA. Coinciding with this increase in the ratio of (n-6) : (n-3) PUFA are increases in chronic inflammatory diseases such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), cardiovascular disease, obesity, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), rheumatoid arthritis, and Alzheimer's disease (AD). By increasing the ratio of (n-3) : (n-6) PUFA in the Western diet, reductions may be achieved in the incidence of these chronic inflammatory diseases.

THE RELATIONSHIP OF OMEGA 3 POLYUNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS IN RED BLOOD CELL MEMBRANES WITH COGNITIVE FUNCTION AND BRAIN STRUCTURE: A REVIEW FOCUSSED ON ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE

2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
C. Hooper ◽  
P. De Souto Barreto ◽  
M. Pahor ◽  
M. Weiner ◽  
B. Vellas
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Red Blood Cell ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Pufa Supplementation

Significant research attention has focussed on the identification of nutraceutical agents for the prevention of cognitive decline as a natural means of cognitive preservation in the elderly. There is some evidence for a reduction of brain omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) in normal aging and in Alzheimer’s disease. n-3 PUFAs exhibit anti-inflammatory and anti-amyloidogenic properties as well as being able to reduce tau phosphorylation. Many observational studies have demonstrated a link between n-3 PUFAs and cognitive aging, and some, but not all, randomized controlled trials have demonstrated a benefit of n-3 PUFA supplementation on cognition, particularly in those subjects with mild cognitive impairment. The identification of a biomarker that reflects n-3 PUFA intake over time and consequent tissue levels is required. In this narrative review we discuss the evidence associating red blood cell membrane n-3 PUFAs with cognitive function and structural brain changes associated with Alzheimer’s disease. Key words: Docosahexaenoic acid, omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty aci

A randomized phase III double-blind clinical trial (S1600) evaluating the effect of immune-enhancing nutrition on radical cystectomy outcomes.

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (6_suppl) ◽  
pp. TPS529-TPS529
Author(s):  
Jill Hamilton-Reeves ◽  
Jeffrey M. Holzbeierlein ◽  
Joseph M. Unger ◽  
Danika L Lew ◽  
Michael Jordan Fisch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Radical Cystectomy ◽  
Complication Rate ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
The Impact

TPS529 Background: This phase III trial will compare the impact of consuming Specialized IMmunonutrition (SIM) to oral nutritional support on postoperative complications after radical cystectomy. Specialized IMmunonutrition is fortified with nutrients (L-arginine, omega-3 fatty acids, dietary nucleotides, and vitamin A) that have immediate effects on immune and inflammatory responses, muscle sparing, and wound healing after surgery. Methods: Two hundred patients will be randomized in a 1:1 fashion to one of two arms. Subjects will be stratified by diversion type (neobladder vs. ileal conduit) and whether the patient had neoadjuvant chemotherapy (any vs. none) to balance the intervention assignment according to important prognostic factors. Nutrition drinks are given three times a day for 5 days before and 5 days after surgery. The primary endpoint is 30 day overall complication rate. Two hundred patients gives 80% power to detect an absolute reduction of 23% in the 30 day overall complication rate (from 65% down to 42%). Secondary endpoints will assess infections, muscle mass, readmissions, quality of life, recurrence, DFS, OS, immune response, cytokines, amino acids, and fatty acids. The trial is testing a high yield, low-risk, low-cost strategy to improve the outcome of patients with bladder cancer who undergo cystectomy. Funding: NIH/NCI/DCP grant award UG1CA189974. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health.

scholarly journals Effects of different doses of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on gut microbiota and immunity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xueliang Zhu ◽  
Zhichao Bi ◽  
Chen Yang ◽  
Yanhui Guo ◽  
Jieli Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Pufa Supplementation ◽  
Ceftriaxone Sodium ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Different Doses

Background: Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) play beneficial roles in metabolism and health. Little is known about the effects of different doses of omega-3 PUFAs on gut microbiota. Objective: In this study, we focus on the effects of different doses of omega-3 PUFAs on gut microbiota and immunity. Design: BALB/c mice was first treated with ceftriaxone sodium for 7 days, and then they received saline or different doses of omega-3 PUFAs (30, 60 and 90 mg omega-3 PUFAs) via daily gavage for 21 days. Alterations of cecum microbiota; the tight junction proteins, zonula occludens 3 (ZO3) and occludin, in the ileal wall; serum lipopolysaccharide (LPS); Interleukin-10 (IL-10), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and Tumour Necrosis Factor α (TNF-α) ; mucus SIgA levels were measured. Results: Compared with the ceftriaxone sodium administration group, significant increases in bacterial richness and diversity were observed in the 60- and 90-mg omega-3 PUFA groups, while only a slight increase was observed in the 30-mg omega-3 PUFA group. A higher percentage of several genera, including Lactobacillus, Helicobacter, and Ruminococcus, and a lower percentage of Bacteroides, Clostridium, and Prevotella were observed in the 60- and 90-mg omega-3 PUFA groups when compared with those in the 30-mg group. The expression of ZO3 and occludin proteins increased in 60- and 90-mg omega-3 PUFA groups compared with the natural recovery group. The mucus SIgA and serum IL-10 levels were increased, and serum levels of LPS, IL-1β, and TNF-α were decreased in the 60- and 90-mg omega-3 PUFA groups when compared with those in the ceftriaxone sodium-treated group. Conclusion: Different doses of omega-3 PUFAs have different therapeutic effects on the intestinal microbiota. The 60- and 90-mg omega-3 PUFA supplementation had better recovery effects on the gut microbiota and immunity than those of the 30 mg omega-3 PUFAs supplementation.

scholarly journals Dietary Supplementation with Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Reduces Opioid-Seeking Behaviors and Alters the Gut Microbiome

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1900 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua K. Hakimian ◽  
Tien S. Dong ◽  
Jorge A. Barahona ◽  
Venu Lagishetty ◽  
Suchi Tiwari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Opioid Dependence ◽  
Opioid Addiction ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Dietary Interventions ◽  
Pufa Supplementation ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
Seeking Behavior

Opioids are highly addictive substances with a relapse rate of over 90%. While preclinical models of chronic opioid exposure exist for studying opioid dependence, none recapitulate the relapses observed in human opioid addiction. The mechanisms associated with opioid dependence, the accompanying withdrawal symptoms, and the relapses that are often observed months or years after opioid dependence are poorly understood. Therefore, we developed a novel model of chronic opioid exposure whereby the level of administration is self-directed with periods of behavior acquisition, maintenance, and then extinction alternating with reinstatement. This profile arguably mirrors that seen in humans, with initial opioid use followed by alternating periods of abstinence and relapse. Recent evidence suggests that dietary interventions that reduce inflammation, including omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs), may reduce substance misuse liability. Using the self-directed intake model, we characterize the observed profile of opioid use and demonstrate that an n-3-PUFA-enriched diet ameliorates oxycodone-seeking behaviors in the absence of drug availability and reduces anxiety. Guided by the major role gut microbiota have on brain function, neuropathology, and anxiety, we profile the microbiome composition and the effects of chronic opioid exposure and n-3 PUFA supplementation. We demonstrate that the withdrawal of opioids led to a significant depletion in specific microbiota genera, whereas n-3 PUFA supplementation increased microbial richness, phylogenetic diversity, and evenness. Lastly, we examined the activation state of microglia in the striatum and found that n-3 PUFA supplementation reduced the basal activation state of microglia. These preclinical data suggest that a diet enriched in n-3 PUFAs could be used as a treatment to alleviate anxiety induced opioid-seeking behavior and relapse in human opioid addiction.

scholarly journals Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids: The Way Forward in Times of Mixed Evidence

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karsten H. Weylandt ◽  
Simona Serini ◽  
Yong Q. Chen ◽  
Hui-Min Su ◽  
Kyu Lim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Clinical Evidence ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Medical Institutions

Almost forty years ago, it was first hypothesized that an increased dietary intake of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) from fish fat could exert protective effects against several pathologies. Decades of intense preclinical investigation have supported this hypothesis in a variety of model systems. Several clinical cardiovascular studies demonstrated the beneficial health effects of omega-3 PUFA, leading medical institutions worldwide to publish recommendations for their increased intake. However, particularly in recent years, contradictory results have been obtained in human studies focusing on cardiovascular disease and the clinical evidence in other diseases, particularly chronic inflammatory and neoplastic diseases, was never established to a degree that led to clear approval of treatment with omega-3 PUFA. Recent data not in line with the previous findings have sparked a debate on the health efficacy of omega-3 PUFA and the usefulness of increasing their intake for the prevention of a number of pathologies. In this review, we aim to examine the controversies on the possible use of these fatty acids as preventive/curative tools against the development of cardiovascular, metabolic, and inflammatory diseases, as well as several kinds of cancer.

scholarly journals Neuroinflammation in Autism and Supplementation Based on Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids: A Narrative Review

Medicina ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (9) ◽  
pp. 893
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Veselinović ◽  
Snježana Petrović ◽  
Vladica Žikić ◽  
Miško Subotić ◽  
Vladimir Jakovljević ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Behavioral Deficits ◽  
Pufa Supplementation ◽  
Children With Asd ◽  
Patterns Of Behavior

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction across multiple contexts and restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests and activities. The maternal status of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) regulates microglial activity and neuroinflammatory pathways during a child’s brain development. In children with ASD, the metabolism of PUFA is thought to be deficient or abnormal, leading to increased production of proinflammatory cytokines, increased oxidative stress and an imbalance in the formation and action of neurotransmitters. In addition, nutritional deficits in omega-3 PUFA may affect gut microbiota and contribute to ASD by the gut–brain axis. The aim of this study was to review the possible role of neuroinflammation in ASD development and the effect of omega-3 PUFA supplementation in children with ASD. Due to a wide heterogeneity across RCTs, no definitive conclusion about omega-3 PUFA effects in ASD can be drawn. Supplementation with PUFA could be considered as one of the aspects in regulating the biological status of the organism and could provide added value to standard medical and psychological interventions for reducing behavioral deficits.

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