scholarly journals The first case of COVID-19 pneumonia in a hemodialysis patient in Japan

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 404-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusuke Kuroki ◽  
Kazutoshi Hiyama ◽  
Junya Minami ◽  
Miyoshi Takeuchi ◽  
Masumi Shojima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Center ◽  
Fluid Management ◽  
The Body ◽  
Dialysis Membrane ◽  
Dialysis Therapy ◽  
Wuhan City ◽  
Respiratory Condition ◽  
First Case ◽  
Old Japanese ◽  
Chest X Ray

Abstract On 31 December 2019, cases of pneumonia whose cause was later identified as SARS-CoV-2 were detected in Wuhan City, Hubei Province of China, and now COVID-19 has spread worldwide. On March 1, 2020, a 69-year-old Japanese man who had been on hemodialysis for 3 years was diagnosed as having COVID-19 pneumonia and hospitalized at our Medical Center. Pulmonary CT revealed bilateral multiple consolidation with bilateral pleural effusion. Aggressive weight reduction was needed to improve the patient’s respiratory condition. Hemodialysis therapy was performed in isolation with hydroxychloroquine administration, but the formation of a dialysis membrane clot forced the withdrawal of dialysis therapy. Changing the dialysis membrane material and anticoagulant enabled the resumption of dialysis therapy, allowing the body weight to correct downward. On the 5th hospitalization day, the patient’s fever dropped and he showed improved oxygenation and chest X-ray. He was eventually discharged. The hydroxychloroquine and appropriate fluid management may have contributed to the patient’s recovery. Clinicians should pay close attention to avoid dialysis-related problems when treating a patient with COVID-19.

scholarly journals Penetration of the ascending aorta and bronchus by a crossbow bolt

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 792-793
Author(s):  
Yasuhiro Futamura ◽  
Hirotaka Watanuki ◽  
Masaho Okada ◽  
Katsuhiko Matsuyama
Keyword(s):  
Cardiopulmonary Bypass ◽  
Lung Ventilation ◽  
Ascending Aorta ◽  
The Body ◽  
Imaging Studies ◽  
Respiratory Condition ◽  
Differential Lung Ventilation ◽  
First Case ◽  
Aorta Injury ◽  
Successful Repair

Abstract We report the successful repair in a 29-year-old man who experienced penetration of the ascending aorta and bronchus by a crossbow bolt. Imaging studies revealed the arrow penetrating the sternum, right lung, ascending aorta and right bronchus, with mediastinal emphysema. The top of the arrow (8 mm in diameter) was deeply embedded in the body of the thoracic vertebra. The arrow was successfully removed while maintaining a stable respiratory condition by performing differential lung ventilation. There was no need for cardiopulmonary bypass. To our knowledge, this is the first case of a through-and-through penetrating ascending aorta injury.

Assessment of indicators of nervous and emotional stress in medical center personnel depending on the characteristics of their professional activity

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (10) ◽  
pp. 650-657
Author(s):  
Irina V. Fedotova ◽  
Tatyana N. Vasilyeva ◽  
Tatyana V. Blinova ◽  
Irina A. Umnyagina ◽  
Yuliya V. Lyapina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Emotional Stress ◽  
Functional State ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Medical Staff ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
The Body ◽  
Office Workers ◽  
Glutathione System ◽  
Medical Centers

Introduction. Digital technologies are actively used in the work of specialists of medical centers of various profiles, which causes the impact on employees of a number of professional factors that determine the characteristics of their work. The aim of the study is to evaluate the influence of professional factors on the functional state of the employees' body and the glutathione system as an objective indicator of stress based on the analysis of the subjective perception of the medical center employees of the specifics of working with personal computers and psychophysiological testing. Materials and methods. The study involved 109 specialists of medical centers (25 ophthalmologists, 31 representatives of the secondary medical staff - nurses and paramedics, 53 office employees). The anonymous survey concerned the assessment of working conditions and their impact on the functional state of the body of the respondents. Performance and stress tolerance indicators were evaluated using three standard questionnaires. The study of 66 subjects' levels of glutathione in the blood: total, reduced, oxidized and the ratio of reduced and oxidized - was used to analyze the relationship of the neuro-emotional nature of labor with the reaction of oxidative stress. Statistical processing of the obtained data was carried out using traditional methods of variation statistics and calculating the value of the odds ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Results. The survey revealed a significant proportion of people in all groups of respondents who constantly use computer technology in their work. Describing the quality of the processed information, doctors more than representatives of other groups note its complexity, importance, negative emotional color, a high degree of responsibility and tension. Doctors more often than average medical staff and office workers associate the manifestation of fatigue with an uncomfortable state of the visual organ, nervous system, and musculoskeletal system. The subjects showed reduced performance and stress tolerance with the most pronounced negative trends in the group of doctors. Changes in the glutathione system were detected, indicating the presence of oxidative stress in 40% of ophthalmologists and office workers, and in half of nurses. Conclusions. The work of specialists of medical centers of various profiles in accordance with their assessment is characterized by high nervous and emotional stress, due to the need to process a significant amount of complex and important professionally significant information. Subjectively noted by respondents the influence of working conditions on the functional state of the body is confirmed by indicators of the glutathione system, which can be used as indicators of nervous and emotional stress.

S-CCCapsule: Pneumonia detection in chest X-ray images using skip-connected convolutions and capsule neural network

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Kwabena Adu ◽  
Yongbin Yu ◽  
Jingye Cai ◽  
Victor Dela Tattrah ◽  
James Adu Ansere ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Human Error ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Confusion Matrix ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Dynamic Routing ◽  
Sigmoid Function ◽  
Radiological Society ◽  
Chest X Ray ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

The squash function in capsule networks (CapsNets) dynamic routing is less capable of performing discrimination of non-informative capsules which leads to abnormal activation value distribution of capsules. In this paper, we propose vertical squash (VSquash) to improve the original squash by preventing the activation values of capsules in the primary capsule layer to shrink non-informative capsules, promote discriminative capsules and avoid high information sensitivity. Furthermore, a new neural network, (i) skip-connected convolutional capsule (S-CCCapsule), (ii) Integrated skip-connected convolutional capsules (ISCC) and (iii) Ensemble skip-connected convolutional capsules (ESCC) based on CapsNets are presented where the VSquash is applied in the dynamic routing. In order to achieve uniform distribution of coupling coefficient of probabilities between capsules, we use the Sigmoid function rather than Softmax function. Experiments on Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center (GWCMC), Radiological Society of North America (RSNA) and Mendeley CXR Pneumonia datasets were performed to validate the effectiveness of our proposed methods. We found that our proposed methods produce better accuracy compared to other methods based on model evaluation metrics such as confusion matrix, sensitivity, specificity and Area under the curve (AUC). Our method for pneumonia detection performs better than practicing radiologists. It minimizes human error and reduces diagnosis time.

scholarly journals Severe infection including disseminated herpes zoster triggered by subclinical Cushing’s disease: a case report

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuki Yamauchi ◽  
Hiraku Kameda ◽  
Kazuno Omori ◽  
Michio Tani ◽  
Kyu Yong Cho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Herpes Zoster ◽  
Cushing’S Disease ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Arrest ◽  
Severe Infection ◽  
Japanese Woman ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cushing's Disease ◽  
Old Japanese ◽  
Subclinical Cushing’S Disease ◽  
Physical Features

Abstract Background Subclinical Cushing’s disease (SCD) is defined by corticotroph adenoma-induced mild hypercortisolism without typical physical features of Cushing’s disease. Infection is an important complication associated with mortality in Cushing’s disease, while no reports on infection in SCD are available. To make clinicians aware of the risk of infection in SCD, we report a case of SCD with disseminated herpes zoster (DHZ) with the mortal outcome. Case presentation An 83-year-old Japanese woman was diagnosed with SCD, treated with cabergoline in the outpatient. She was hospitalized for acute pyelonephritis, and her fever gradually resolved with antibiotics. However, herpes zoster appeared on her chest, and the eruptions rapidly spread over the body. She suddenly went into cardiopulmonary arrest and died. Autopsy demonstrated adrenocorticotropic hormone-positive pituitary adenoma, renal abscess, and DHZ. Conclusions As immunosuppression caused by SCD may be one of the triggers of severe infection, the patients with SCD should be assessed not only for the metabolic but also for the immunodeficient status.

scholarly journals Influence of Postoperative Changes in Sarcopenia on Long-Term Survival in Non-Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Patients

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 2410
Author(s):  
Chungyeop Lee ◽  
In-Ja Park ◽  
Kyung-Won Kim ◽  
Yongbin Shin ◽  
Seok-Byung Lim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Metastatic Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
The Body ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Postoperative Changes ◽  
Asan Medical ◽  
Colorectal Cancer Patients

The effect of perioperative sarcopenic changes on prognosis remains unclear. We conducted a retrospective cohort study with 2333 non-metastatic colorectal cancer patients treated between January 2009 and December 2012 at the Asan Medical Center. The body composition at diagnosis was measured via abdominopelvic computed tomography (CT) using Asan-J software. Patients underwent CT scans preoperatively, as well as at 6 months–1 year and 2–3 years postoperatively. The primary outcome was the association between perioperative sarcopenic changes and survival. According to sarcopenic criteria, 1155 (49.5%), 890 (38.2%), and 893 (38.3%) patients had sarcopenia preoperatively, 6 months–1 year, and 2–3 years postoperatively, respectively. The 5-year overall survival (OS) (95.8% vs. 92.1%, hazard ratio (HR) = 2.234, p < 0.001) and 5-year recurrence-free survival (RFS) (93.2% vs. 86.2%, HR = 2.251, p < 0.001) rates were significantly lower in patients with preoperative sarcopenia. Both OS and RFS were lower in patients with persistent sarcopenia 2–3 years postoperatively than in those who recovered (OS: 96.2% vs. 90.2%, p = 0.001; RFS: 91.1% vs. 83.9%, p = 0.002). In multivariate analysis, postoperative sarcopenia was confirmed as an independent factor associated with decreased OS and RFS. Pre- and postoperative sarcopenia and changes in the condition during surveillance were associated with oncological outcomes.

Acute exudative paraneoplastic polymorphous vitelliform maculopathy in a patient with thymoma, myasthenia gravis, and polymyositis

2021 ◽  
pp. 112067212199404
Author(s):  
He Yu ◽  
Xinyu Ma ◽  
Nianting Tong ◽  
Zhanyu Zhou ◽  
Yu Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Myasthenia Gravis ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Postoperative Radiotherapy ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Subretinal Fluid ◽  
Metastatic Tumor ◽  
The Body ◽  
Pleural Thickening ◽  
History Of ◽  
Clinically Significant

Importance: This is the first reported case of acute exudative paraneoplastic polymorphous vitelliform maculopathy (AEPPVM) in a patient with thymoma, accompanied by myasthenia gravis (MG) and polymyositis. Objective: To examine the pathogenesis of ocular disease in a patient with yolk-like fundus lesions and thymoma, MG, and polymyositis throughout the body based on clinical manifestations, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and genetic testing to determine the appropriate treatment course. Design, setting, and participants: We describe a 63-year-old woman who presented to our tertiary medical center with a 3-month history of reduced visual acuity in both eyes. Concurrent fundoscopy revealed a 2.0 × 1.7-mm, unifocal, yellow, round vitelliform lesion in the macular region, surrounded by multifocal, shallow, yellow-white pockets of subretinal fluid. The patient’s medical history included thymoma with thymectomy treatment, combined with pericardiectomy and postoperative radiotherapy (20 years prior), followed by a diagnosis of MG with suspect thymic association (15 years prior). Three years prior, the patient had been diagnosed with polymyositis related to paraneoplastic syndrome; 1 year prior, she had been examined for pleural thickening due to suspected metastatic tumor. Results: On her most recent follow-up visit at 3 months after initial diagnosis, the patient was stable with no clinically significant progression in ocular or systemic conditions.

Preventive Measures for COVID - 19

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 1902-1904
Author(s):  
Lavi Arya
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
Health Economy ◽  
Wuhan City ◽  
First Case ◽  
Spread Pattern ◽  
Sudden Outburst ◽  
Mode Of Transmission ◽  
Day By Day

COVID-19 sudden outburst is declared as a serious public medical health issue worldwide by WHO, in March 2020. The first case of COVID-19 was seen officially in Wuhan City, China, in December 2019. It’s a pandemic to which all the countries has to take action in the detection of the infection and prevention of it’s spread. Despite global efforts to contain the disease spread, the outbreak is still on the rise because of the community spread pattern of this infection. Earlier the mode of transmission of the virus was seen in animal to person but now the transmission is from person to person through respiratory droplet infection the confirmed case is seen in many countries and are increasing day by day Fever, cough and cold, difficulty in breathing, tiredness can be seen in the patients suffering. The virus is affecting our health, economy, social life. Till the time we don’t have any medication at least we should try to prevent the spread of the virus. The points which can help in the prevention of the spread of the virus in the community are maintaining of hand sanitation, social distancing, Avoiding person to person contact and Quarantine. Increase in a number of testing, detecting COVID-19 positive patients will also help to reduce the spread of virus and secondary cases with strict quarantine rules.

Impact OF Covid-19 on Several Industries in Context with the Dialysis Industry

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 01-03
Author(s):  
Ashish Gujrathi
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
World Health ◽  
Healthcare Sector ◽  
Growth Opportunities ◽  
Wuhan City ◽  
First Case ◽  
The World ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
Health Organization

Coronavirus (COVID-19) was recognized in late December in Hubei province of Wuhan city in China. This highly contagious disease, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is transmitted from humans to humans. After the first case in Wuhan, the disease rapidly spread to other parts of the globe. On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) made an assessment that COVID-19 can be characterized as a pandemic. Thus, social-distancing became an important measure to stop the spread of this disease. Various countries across the world adopted nationwide lockdowns. This led to a completely new scenario for the world, where every business in each industry faced new challenges and witnessed new opportunities. Similarly, the medical personal protective industry, a vital part of the healthcare sector, also witnessed new growth opportunities.

Feeding gastrostomy stoma site cutaneous myiasis: a rare entity

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. e244352
Author(s):  
Snehasis Das ◽  
Naveen Kumar Gaur ◽  
Oseen Hajilal Shaikh ◽  
Uday Shamrao Kumbhar
Keyword(s):  
Medical History ◽  
Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy ◽  
Metastatic Carcinoma ◽  
The Body ◽  
Rare Entity ◽  
Stoma Site ◽  
Endoscopic Gastrostomy ◽  
First Case ◽  
Cutaneous Myiasis

Infestation of any dead or necrotic tissues by the larvae of flies (maggots) is myiasis. This form of habitation is not restricted to any particular tissues in the body and can occur anywhere. However, myiasis at the surgical stoma site is very rare. We present a 55-year-old woman diagnosed with metastatic carcinoma of the oesophagus who underwent feeding gastrostomy (FG). The patient later presented with worms at the FG site. We removed the FG tube, cleared all the maggots, thoroughly cleaned the wound and placed a new FG tube. Although its occurrences have been reported enough in medical history, there are only two documented cases of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy stoma site myiasis. Hence, we present the first case in the literature of cutaneous myiasis around an FG stoma site.

scholarly journals A rare benign genitourinary tumor in a Japanese male: urinary retention owing to aggressive angiomyxoma of the prostate

Rare Tumors ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yugo Sawada ◽  
Fumio Ito ◽  
Hayakazu Nakazawa ◽  
Nobuhiko Tsushima ◽  
Hikaru Tomoe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Dysfunction ◽  
Urinary Retention ◽  
Bladder Neck ◽  
English Literature ◽  
Pathological Examination ◽  
Aggressive Angiomyxoma ◽  
Urethral Meatus ◽  
First Case ◽  
Japanese Male ◽  
Old Japanese

Close examination of a 67-year-old Japanese man, who complained of persistent nocturia, revealed that a semitransparent polypoid tumor had developed from the bladder neck to the prostatic urethra obstructing the internal urethral meatus, which resulted in excessive urinary retention and post-renal dysfunction. The tumor was resected by a transurethral procedure and a pathological examination of specimens revealed aggressive angiomyxoma (AAM) of the prostate. AAM usually develops in the intrapelvic and perineal organs of females. So far as we know, this is the second case of primary prostatic AAM reported in the English literature, and is the first case where the patient encountered urethral obstruction.

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