scholarly journals Food Marketing in an Obesogenic Environment: a Narrative Overview of the Potential of Healthy Food Promotion to Children and Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 431-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frans Folkvord ◽  
Roel C. J. Hermans
Keyword(s):  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
Food Preferences ◽  
Dietary Behavior ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Healthy Food ◽  
Food Marketing ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Unhealthy Food ◽  
Efficiency And Effectiveness ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Abstract Purpose of Review There is abundant evidence that food marketing influences children’s and adults’ food preferences and consumption. As such, exposure to unhealthy food marketing is a widely acknowledged risk factor contributing to the development of overweight and obesity. Less is known about the effects of healthy food promotion on people’s dietary behavior. This narrative review describes research from the past 5 years focused on the effects of healthy food marketing on children’s and adults’ food preferences and dietary intake. Our aim is to gain insight into the potential effects and mechanistic underpinnings of healthy food promotion, thereby building on existing knowledge on underlying mechanisms of the effectiveness of unhealthy food marketing. Recent Findings Only a small number of studies directly examined the effects of healthy food promotion on children’s and adults’ dietary behavior. Most studies targeted children’s fruit and/or vegetable intake and used a variety of marketing techniques, ranging from television adverts to social media influencer marketing. Six out of ten studies found a positive effect of healthy food promotion, indicating that healthy food marketing has the potential to influence dietary behavior. Summary Food marketing is highly effective in stimulating and reinforcing food consumption, in particular for energy-dense foods. Further investigation and experimentation into the efficiency and effectiveness of healthy food promotion are needed to determine how marketing techniques could be used to improve dietary behavior. The healthy food promotion model provides a framework for future research in this area.

Macho Nachos

2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 182-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luke (Lei) Zhu ◽  
Victoria L. Brescoll ◽  
George E. Newman ◽  
Eric Luis Uhlmann
Keyword(s):  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Food Preferences ◽  
Healthy Food ◽  
Psychological Reactance ◽  
Unhealthy Food ◽  
Healthy Foods ◽  
Gender Schema ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Schema Congruity

Abstract. The present studies examine how culturally held stereotypes about gender (that women eat more healthfully than men) implicitly influence food preferences. In Study 1, priming masculinity led both male and female participants to prefer unhealthy foods, while priming femininity led both male and female participants to prefer healthy foods. Study 2 extended these effects to gendered food packaging. When the packaging and healthiness of the food were gender schema congruent (i.e., feminine packaging for a healthy food, masculine packaging for an unhealthy food) both male and female participants rated the product as more attractive, said that they would be more likely to purchase it, and even rated it as tasting better compared to when the product was stereotype incongruent. In Study 3, packaging that explicitly appealed to gender stereotypes (“The muffin for real men”) reversed the schema congruity effect, but only among participants who scored high in psychological reactance.

scholarly journals The emerging role of lactate as a mediator of exercise-induced appetite suppression

2020 ◽  
Vol 319 (4) ◽  
pp. E814-E819
Author(s):  
Seth F. McCarthy ◽  
Hashim Islam ◽  
Tom J. Hazell
Keyword(s):  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Ghrelin Receptor ◽  
Cellular Models ◽  
Regulatory Molecule ◽  
Blood Lactate Accumulation ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Exercise Induced

Lactate, a molecule originally considered metabolic waste, is now associated with a number of important physiological functions. Although the roles of lactate as a signaling molecule, fuel source, and gluconeogenic substrate have garnered significant attention in recent reviews, a relatively underexplored and emerging role of lactate is its control of energy intake (EI). To expand our understanding of the physiological roles of lactate, we present evidence from early infusion studies demonstrating the ability of lactate to suppress EI in both rodents and humans. We then discuss findings from recent human studies that have utilized exercise intensity and/or sodium bicarbonate supplementation to modulate endogenous lactate and examine its impact on appetite regulation. These studies consistently demonstrate that greater blood lactate accumulation is associated with greater suppression of the hunger hormone ghrelin and subjective appetite, thereby supporting a role of lactate in the control of EI. To stimulate future research investigating the role of lactate as an appetite-regulatory molecule, we also highlight potential underlying mechanisms explaining the appetite-suppressive effects of lactate using evidence from rodent and in vitro cellular models. Specifically, we discuss the ability of lactate to 1) inhibit the secretory function of ghrelin producing gastric cells, 2) modulate the signaling cascades that control hypothalamic neuropeptide expression/release, and 3) inhibit signaling through the ghrelin receptor in the hypothalamus. Unravelling the role of lactate as an appetite-regulatory molecule can shed important insight into the regulation of EI, thereby contributing to the development of interventions aimed at combatting overweight and obesity.

scholarly journals Mapping of outdoor food and beverage advertising around primary and secondary schools in Kampala city, Uganda

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oumy Erica Wie Dia ◽  
Anne Lene Løvhaug ◽  
Peter Milton Rukundo ◽  
Liv Elin Torheim
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Schools ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
World Health ◽  
Food Marketing ◽  
Unhealthy Food ◽  
Outdoor Advertising ◽  
Food And Beverage ◽  
Kampala City

Abstract Background Marketing of unhealthy foods and beverages is recognized as a contributing factor to the global increase in overweight and obesity, particularly among children. Such marketing negatively affects children’s dietary preferences, food choices, purchasing requests, and consumption patterns. Given that little is known about food marketing in Africa, including in Uganda, monitoring children’s exposure to food marketing is essential to generate evidence on the problem and develop meaningful policy responses. The aim of this study was to describe the food and beverage marketing environment surrounding schools in urban and peri-urban areas of Kampala city. Methods Outdoor advertising around 25 randomly sampled primary and secondary schools within a radius of 250 m of each school was mapped. Information on size, setting, type, and position of the advertisements and the healthiness of the foods and beverages promoted was collected using the INFORMAS Outdoor Advertising Protocol. The occurrence of advertising was described using frequencies, median, and density per 100m2. Results A total of 1034 branded advertisements were identified around the schools. Of these, 86% featured unhealthy products, 7% healthy products, and 7% miscellaneous products. The most advertised products were sugar-sweetened beverages and alcoholic beverages (51 and 23%, respectively). Schools in the urban area were surrounded by more unhealthy ads than those in the peri-urban areas (median of 45 vs 24 advertisements). Conclusion The widespread extent of unhealthy food and beverage advertisements around primary and secondary schools highlights the need for food marketing regulation in Uganda, in line with the World Health Organization’s recommendations, to ensure that young people are protected from unhealthy food marketing.

scholarly journals Segmenting Hungarian people based on healthy eating

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 65-72
Author(s):  
Veronika Keller
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Healthy Food ◽  
Unhealthy Food ◽  
Targeted Marketing ◽  
The Government

Relying on customer trends healthy eating, which is one aspect of healthy lifestyle is becoming more and more popular. The aim of this study was to understand the healthy eating style of Hungarian adult consumers. An online empirical research with a sample of 1563 respondents (58.7% females and 41.3% males) was conducted in November 2018. Considering healthy eating two factors, namely the choice of healthy foods and the avoidance of unhealthy foods could be distinguished. A hierarchical cluster analysis was conducted to segment consumers. Four groups of consumers were identified: unhealthy food avoiders (20.3%), rejecters (11.8%), neutrals (26.2%) and healthy food choosers (14.7%). Unhealthy food avoiders are seniors. Rejecters are blue collar workers and have financial problems. Healthy food choosers live in families with children over 10 and do not have weight problems. This study is useful for the health sector and the government since targeted marketing programs can be planned to change eating behavior. To decrease overweight and obesity is the goal of all society, especially in developed countries. To increase the well-being of people and their quality of life educating social marketing campaigns are necessary with the aim of raising their awareness and explaining the basic principles of a healthy diet. JEL Classification: 112, M30, M39

scholarly journals Incidental exposure to hedonic and healthy food features affects food preferences one day later

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Léo Dutriaux ◽  
Esther K. Papies ◽  
Jennifer Fallon ◽  
Leonel Garcia-Marques ◽  
Lawrence W. Barsalou
Keyword(s):  
Incidental Learning ◽  
Food Preferences ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Healthy Food ◽  
General Effect ◽  
Healthy Foods ◽  
Unhealthy Eating ◽  
Affective Processes ◽  
Incidental Exposure ◽  
High Bmi

AbstractMemories acquired incidentally from exposure to food information in the environment may often become active to later affect food preferences. Because conscious use of these memories is not requested or required, these incidental learning effects constitute a form of indirect memory. In an experiment using a novel food preference paradigm (n = 617), we found that brief incidental exposure to hedonic versus healthy food features indirectly affected food preferences a day later, explaining approximately 10% of the variance in preferences for tasty versus healthy foods. It follows that brief incidental exposure to food information can affect food preferences indirectly for at least a day. When hedonic and health exposure were each compared to a no-exposure baseline, a general effect of hedonic exposure emerged across individuals, whereas health exposure only affected food preferences for high-BMI individuals. This pattern suggests that focusing attention on hedonic food features engages common affective processes across the general population, whereas focusing attention on healthy food features engages eating restraint goals associated with high BMI. Additionally, incidental exposure to food features primarily changed preferences for infrequently consumed foods, having less impact on habitually consumed foods. These findings offer insight into how hedonic information in the obesogenic food environment contributes to unhealthy eating behavior that leads to overweight and obesity. These findings further motivate the development of interventions that counteract the effects of exposure to hedonic food information and that broaden the effects of exposure to healthy food information.

scholarly journals Overweight and Obesity, Cardiometabolic Health, and Body Composition: Findings From the Follow-Up Studies of the INCAP Longitudinal Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. S59-S68
Author(s):  
María F. Kroker-Lobos ◽  
Manuel Ramirez-Zea ◽  
Aryeh D. Stein
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cardiometabolic Health ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Background: There has been increased interest in the hypothesis that undernutrition in early life predisposes to cardiometabolic disease risk in adulthood. The Institute of Nutrition of Central America and Panama Longitudinal Study is able to address one critical aspect of this field, specifically whether improvements in nutrition can prevent this increased risk. Objective: To describe the main findings on obesity and body composition across 5 waves of field work (1988-1989, 1991-1994, 1998-1999, 2002-2004, and 2015-2017) and on cardiometabolic health across 3 waves (1998-1999, 2002-2004, and 2015-2017). Results: Body weight and body fat increased considerably in adulthood, especially among women with sedentary occupations. Adiposity and weight in adulthood were strongly predicted by weight gain after the first 1000 days of life. On the other hand, exposure to improved nutrition in early life reduced diabetes risk by approximately 50% but increased the risk of overweight and obesity. Conclusions: Future research will aid in clarifying the underlying mechanisms that drive the opposite associations among diabetes and obesity with early-life nutrition.

scholarly journals Tracking Kids’ Food: Comparing the Nutritional Value and Marketing Appeals of Child-Targeted Supermarket Products Over Time

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1850 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlene Elliott
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Food Preferences ◽  
Food Product ◽  
World Health ◽  
Food Marketing ◽  
Unhealthy Food ◽  
Product Packaging ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Over Time

Marketing unhealthy foods negatively impacts children’s food preferences, dietary habits and health, prompting calls for regulations that will help to create an “enabling” food environment for children. One powerful food marketing technique is product packaging, but little is known about the nature or quality of child-targeted food products over time. This study assesses how child-targeted supermarket foods in Canada have transformed with respect to nutritional profile and types of marketing appeals (that is, the power of such marketing). Products from 2009 (n = 354) and from 2017 (n = 374) were first evaluated and compared in light of two established nutritional criteria, and then compared in terms of marketing techniques on packages. Overall, child-targeted supermarket foods did not improve nutritionally over time: 88% of child-targeted products (across both datasets) would not be permitted to be marketed to children, according to the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria, and sugar levels remained consistently high. Despite this poor nutritional quality, the use of nutrition claims increased significantly over time, as did the use of cartoon characters and appealing fonts to attract children’s attention. Character licensing—using characters from entertainment companies—remained consistent. The findings reveal the critical need to consider packaging as part of the strategy for protecting children from unhealthy food marketing. Given the poor nutritional quality and appealing nature of child-oriented supermarket foods, food product packaging needs to be included in the WHO’s call to improve the restrictions on unhealthy food marketing to children.

scholarly journals How Food Marketing on Instagram Shapes Adolescents’ Food Preferences: Online Randomized Trial

10.2196/28689 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. e28689
Author(s):  
Marie Bragg ◽  
Samina Lutfeali ◽  
Tenay Greene ◽  
Jessica Osterman ◽  
Madeline Dalton
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Online Advertising ◽  
Food Preferences ◽  
The Other ◽  
Food Marketing ◽  
Traditional Food ◽  
Unhealthy Food ◽  
Food Advertisements ◽  
Mere Presence ◽  
Children’S Exposure

Background Worldwide obesity rates have prompted 16 countries to enact policies to reduce children’s exposure to unhealthy food marketing, but few policies address online advertising practices or protect adolescents from being targeted. Given adolescents spend so much time online, it is critical to understand how persuasive Instagram food advertisements (ads) are compared with traditional food ads. To strengthen online food marketing policies, more evidence is needed on whether social media ads are more persuasive than other types of ads in shaping adolescents’ preferences. Objective This study examined whether adolescents could identify food companies’ Instagram posts as ads, and the extent to which Instagram versus traditional food ads shape adolescents’ preferences. Methods In Part 1, participants aged 13-17 years (N=832) viewed 8 pairs of ads and were asked to identify which ads originated from Instagram. One ad in each pair was selected from traditional sources (eg, print; online banner ad), and the other ad was selected from Instagram, but we removed the Instagram frame—which includes the logo, comments, and “likes.” In Part 2, participants were randomized to rate food ads that ostensibly originated from (1) Instagram (ie, we photoshopped the Instagram frame onto ads); or (2) traditional sources. Unbeknownst to participants, half of the ads in their condition originated from Instagram and half originated from traditional sources. Results In Part 1, adolescents performed worse than chance when asked to identify Instagram ads (P<.001). In Part 2, there were no differences on 4 of 5 outcomes in the “labeled ad condition.” In the “unlabeled ad condition,” however, they preferred Instagram ads to traditional ads on 3 of 5 outcomes (ie, trendiness, P=.001; artistic appeal, P=.001; likeability, P=.001). Conclusions Adolescents incorrectly identified traditional ads as Instagram posts, suggesting the artistic appearance of social media ads may not be perceived as marketing. Further, the mere presence of Instagram features caused adolescents to rate food ads more positively than ads without Instagram features.

The influence of the local food environment on diet following residential relocation: longitudinal results from RESIDential Environments (RESIDE)

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 2132-2144
Author(s):  
Alexia Bivoltsis ◽  
Gina Trapp ◽  
Matthew Knuiman ◽  
Paula Hooper ◽  
Gina Leslie Ambrosini
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Food Environment ◽  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
Local Food ◽  
Residential Development ◽  
Healthy Food ◽  
Unhealthy Food ◽  
Food Outlets ◽  
Convenience Stores ◽  
Residential Environments

AbstractObjective:To examine the associations of changes in the local food environment, individual behaviours and perceptions with changes in dietary intake, following relocation from an established neighbourhood to a new residential development.Design:Spatial food environment exposure measures were generated relative to each participant’s home address using the locations of food outlets at baseline (before moving house) and follow-up (1–2 years after relocation). Self-reported data on socio-demographics, self-selection, usual dietary intake, individual behaviours and perceptions of the local food environment were sourced from the RESIDential Environments (RESIDE) Project. Changes in spatial exposure measures, individual behaviours and perceptions with changes in dietary outcomes were examined using mixed linear models.Setting:Perth, Western Australia, 2003–2007.Participants:Adults (n 1200) from the RESIDE Project.Results:Moving to a new residential development with more convenience stores and café restaurants around the home was significantly associated with an increase in unhealthy food intake (β = 0·049, 95 % CI 0·010, 0·089; β = 0·020, 95 % CI 0·007, 0·033) and was partially mediated by individual behaviours and perceptions. A greater percentage of healthy food outlets around the home following relocation was significantly associated with an increase in healthy food (β = 0·003, 95 % CI 0·001, 0·005) and fruit/vegetable intake (β = 0·002, 95 % CI 0·001, 0·004).Conclusions:Policy and planning may influence dietary intakes by restricting the number of convenience stores and other unhealthy food outlets and increasing the relative percentage of healthy food outlets.

scholarly journals Mapping of Outdoor Food and Beverage Advertising Around Primary and Secondary Schools in Kampala City, Uganda

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oumy Erica Dia ◽  
Anne Løvhaug ◽  
Peter Rukundo ◽  
Liv Torheim
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Schools ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
World Health ◽  
Food Marketing ◽  
Unhealthy Food ◽  
Outdoor Advertising ◽  
Food And Beverage ◽  
Kampala City

Abstract Background: Overweight and obesity in children and adolescents are rising rapidly in low- and middle-income countries. Among the contributing factors for this increase is the marketing of unhealthy food products, which affects children’s dietary preferences, food choices, purchasing requests, and consumption patterns. Given that little is known about food marketing in Africa, including in Uganda, monitoring children’s exposure to food marketing is essential to generate evidence on the problem and develop meaningful policy responses. The aim of this study was to describe the food and beverage marketing environment surrounding schools in urban and peri-urban areas of Kampala city. Methods: Outdoor advertising around 25 randomly sampled primary- and secondary schools within a radius of 250 meters of each school was mapped. Information on size, setting, type, and position of the advertisements and the healthiness of the food and beverage promoted was collected using the INFORMAS Outdoor Advertising Protocol. The occurrence of advertising was described using frequencies, median, and density per 100m2. Results: A total of 1,034 branded advertisements was identified around the schools. Of these, 86% featured unhealthy products, 8% healthy, and 6 % miscellaneous. The most advertised products were sugar-sweetened beverages and alcoholic beverages (51% and 23%, respectively). Schools in the urban area were surrounded by more unhealthy ads than those in the peri-urban areas (median of 45 vs 24 ads). Conclusion: The considerable extent of unhealthy food and beverage advertisements around primary and secondary schools highlights the need for food marketing regulation in Uganda, in line with the World Health Organization’ recommendations, to ensure that young people are protected from unhealthy food marketing messages.

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