Reproductive Health Disparities in the USA: Self-Reported Race/Ethnicity Predicts Age of Menarche and Live Birth Ratios, but Not Infertility

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Talia N. Shirazi ◽  
Asher Y. Rosinger
Keyword(s):  
Health Disparities ◽  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Live Birth ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Age Of Menarche

Building Capacity of the Public Health Education Workforce Through Partnerships

2003 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-59
Author(s):  
Mark Tomita
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Disparities ◽  
Health Education ◽  
Public Health Education ◽  
Professional Associations ◽  
State University ◽  
Cd Rom ◽  
The Public ◽  
Prevention Services ◽  
The Usa

The Global Health Disparities CD-ROM Project reaffirmed the value of professional associations partnering with academic institutions to build capacity of the USA public health education workforce to meet the challenges of primary prevention services. The Society for Public Health Education (SOPHE) partnered with the California State University, Chico to produce a CD-ROM that would advocate for global populations that are affected by health disparities while providing primary resources for public health educators to use in programming and professional development. The CD-ROM development process is discussed

Building Capacity of the Public Health Education Workforce Through Partnerships: The Global Health Disparities CD-ROM Project

2003 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-59
Author(s):  
Mark Tomita
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Disparities ◽  
Health Education ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Public Health Education ◽  
Professional Associations ◽  
State University ◽  
Cd Rom ◽  
Prevention Services ◽  
The Usa

The Global Health Disparities CD-ROM Project reaffirmed the value of professional associations partnering with academic institutions to build capacity of the USA public health education workforce to meet the challenges of primary prevention services. The Society for Public Health Education (SOPHE) partnered with the California State University, Chico to produce a CD-ROM that would advocate for global populations that are affected by health disparities while providing primary resources for public health educators to use in programming and professional development. The CD-ROM development process is discussed.

scholarly journals Sexual health (excluding reproductive health, intimate partner violence and gender-based violence) and COVID-19: a scoping review

2021 ◽  
pp. sextrans-2020-054896
Author(s):  
Navin Kumar ◽  
Kamila Janmohamed ◽  
Kate Nyhan ◽  
Laura Forastiere ◽  
Wei-Hong Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Health Disparities ◽  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Sexual Health ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender

ObjectivesThe COVID-19 pandemic has exposed and exacerbated existing socioeconomic and health disparities, including disparities in sexual health and well-being. While there have been several reviews published on COVID-19 and population health disparities generally—including some with attention to HIV—none has focused on sexual health (ie, STI care, female sexual health, sexual behaviour). We have conducted a scoping review focused on sexual health (excluding reproductive health (RH), intimate partner violence (IPV) and gender-based violence (GBV)) in the COVID-19 era, examining sexual behaviours and sexual health outcomes.MethodsA scoping review, compiling both peer-reviewed and grey literature, focused on sexual health (excluding RH, IPV and GBV) and COVID-19 was conducted on 15 September 2020. Multiple bibliographical databases were searched. Study selection conformed to Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Reviewers’ Manual 2015 Methodology for JBI Scoping Reviews. We only included English-language original studies.ResultsWe found that men who have sex with men may be moving back toward pre-pandemic levels of sexual activity, and that STI and HIV testing rates seem to have decreased. There was minimal focus on outcomes such as the economic impact on sexual health (excluding RH, IPV and GBV) and STI care, especially STI care of marginalised populations. In terms of population groups, there was limited focus on sex workers or on women, especially women’s sexual behaviour and mental health. We noticed limited use of qualitative techniques. Very few studies were in low/middle-income countries (LMICs).ConclusionsSexual health research is critical during a global infectious disease pandemic and our review of studies suggested notable research gaps. Researchers can focus efforts on LMICs and under-researched topics within sexual health and explore the use of qualitative techniques and interventions where appropriate.

scholarly journals Using human-centred design to develop an innovative female condom

2021 ◽  
pp. bmjinnov-2020-000534
Author(s):  
Patricia S Coffey ◽  
Maggie Kilbourne-Brook
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Female Condom ◽  
Barrier Method ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Dual Protection ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Female Condoms ◽  
Generation Female ◽  
Human Centred Design

ObjectiveThe female condom is a non-hormonal barrier method that can protect from unintended pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections such as HIV. Female condoms are an important contribution to women’s reproductive health globally as they are the only woman-initiated method currently available that can provide dual protection. This article describes how human-centred design (HCD) was applied to the development of the Woman’s Condom—a second-generation female condom.MethodsA multidisciplinary team pioneered the application of HCD principles to develop a novel reproductive health product. The Woman’s Condom design incorporated feedback from both female and male users from multiple sites in the USA and Cuernavaca, Mexico; Durban, South Africa and Khon Kaen, Thailand to inform product development.ResultsWe developed and tested more than 50 design iterations reflecting various solutions to user-related concerns. The final locked design confirmed that the Woman’s Condom was easy to use, stable, comfortable and provided satisfactory sensation during sex for both partners. The ‘dissolving capsule’ to facilitate insertion and ‘soft cling’ design are key innovative features of the Woman’s Condom.ConclusionThe Woman’s Condom is a second-generation female (or internal) condom product that has been shown to be highly acceptable to users throughout the world. The Woman’s Condom’s special design features enable easy insertion, secure fit during use, good sensation and easy removal. Engaging users as codesigners through an HCD approach resulted in a female condom that meets the needs of women and men from diverse regions.

Medical and Social Determinants of Brain Health and Dementia in a Multicultural Community Cohort of Older Adults

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
James E. Galvin ◽  
Stephanie Chrisphonte ◽  
Lun-Ching Chang
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Health Disparities ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Sex Education ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Social Dimension ◽  
Medical Comorbidities ◽  
Race Ethnicity

Background: Socioeconomic status (SES), race, ethnicity, and medical comorbidities may contribute to Alzheimer’s disease and related disorders (ADRD) health disparities. Objective: Analyze effects of social and medical determinants on cognition in 374 multicultural older adults participating in a community-based dementia screening program. Methods: We used the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and AD8 as measures of cognition, and a 3-way race/ethnicity variable (White, African American, Hispanic) and SES (Hollingshead index) as predictors. Potential contributors to health disparities included: age, sex, education, total medical comorbidities, health self-ratings, and depression. We applied K-means cluster analyses to study medical and social dimension effects on cognitive outcomes. Results: African Americans and Hispanics had lower SES status and cognitive performance compared with similarly aged Whites. We defined three clusters based on age and SES. Cluster #1 and #3 differed by SES but not age, while cluster #2 was younger with midlevel. Cluster #1 experienced the worse health outcomes while cluster #3 had the best health outcomes. Within each cluster, White participants had higher SES and better health outcomes, African Americans had the worst physical performance, and Hispanics had the most depressive symptoms. In cross-cluster comparisons, higher SES led to better health outcomes for all participants. Conclusion: SES may contribute to disparities in access to healthcare services, while race and ethnicity may contribute to disparities in the quality and extent of services received. Our study highlights the need to critically address potential interactions between race, ethnicity, and SES which may better explain disparities in ADRD health outcomes.

scholarly journals Social jetlag, eating behaviours and BMI among adolescents in the USA

2020 ◽  
Vol 124 (9) ◽  
pp. 979-987 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gina Marie Mathew ◽  
Lauren Hale ◽  
Anne-Marie Chang
Keyword(s):  
Living Arrangements ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Eating Behaviours ◽  
Social Jetlag ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Report Data ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Self Report Data

AbstractThere is a lack of research on associations of social jetlag with eating behaviours and obesity among adolescents. We examined the associations of social jetlag with eating behaviours and BMI in adolescents before and after adjustment for potential confounders. Self-report data were collected from 3060 adolescents (48·1 % female, mean age 15·59 (sd 0·77) years) from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study. In regression models, social jetlag predicted odds of consumption of breakfast, fruits/vegetables, fast food and sweetened drinks and BMI percentile. Primary models adjusted for school night sleep duration, sex, age, household income and youth living arrangements; secondary models further adjusted for race/ethnicity. In fully adjusted models, greater social jetlag was associated with lower odds of consumption of breakfast (OR = 0·92, P = 0·003) and fruits/vegetables (OR = 0·92, P = 0·009) and higher odds of consumption of fast food (OR = 1·18, P < 0·001) and sweetened drinks (OR = 1·18, P < 0·001). Social jetlag was positively associated with BMI percentile after additional adjustment for eating behaviours (b = 0·84, P = 0·037), but this relationship was attenuated after adjustment for race/ethnicity (b = 0·72, P = 0·072). Ethnoracial differences in social jetlag may attenuate the association of social jetlag with BMI and should be considered in future studies of circadian misalignment, eating behaviours and obesity markers.

scholarly journals GAMBARAN TINGKAT PENGETAHUAN DAN PRAKTIK MENSTRUAL HYGIENE PADA SISWI SDN 4 PACARKEMBANG SURABAYA

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 142
Author(s):  
Teresina Ika Pertiwi
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Know How ◽  
Menstrual Hygiene ◽  
Hygiene Behavior ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
School Girls ◽  
Age Of Menarche ◽  
Score Range

Abstract: Adolescence is an important period to develop their first decade of life. At this age, an adolescent girl begins to get their first menstrual period (menarche). After getting menstruation, adolescent girls need to know how to maintain their reproductive health. One effort that can be done to take care of the reproductive health has adopted the behavior of menstrual hygiene. This study aims to determine the level of knowledge of elementary school girls about reproductive health and menstrual hygiene behavior in the period of menarche. The population of this study was all students grades 5 and 6 at SDN 4 Pacarkembang Surabaya and already through menarche. This study has 30 samples and the method of data collection conducted by survey method using a questionnaire with closed questions. The variables are categorized into three categories: good knowledge level if the score range between 76-100%, the level of knowledge sufficient if the range between 56-75% and the level of knowledge is deficient when the score <56%. Variable action using the same category as the level of knowledge. The average age of menarche here is 11-12 years old. All of the respondents had got information about health reproduction and menstruation. Most respondents had heard that information from their mother. But the majority of respondents have “less” knowledge (53.33%) about health reproduction. For the practice of menstrual hygiene, respondents had the moderate level. Keyword: health reproduction, menstrual hygiene, adolescence, menarche  AbstrakMasa remaja menjadi waktu yang sangat penting untuk membangun perkembangan mereka dalam dekade pertama kehidupan. Pada usia ini, remaja putri mulai mendapatkan menstruasi pertamanya (menarche). Setelah mendapatkan haid, remaja putri perlu mengetahui cara menjaga kesehatan reproduksinya. Salah satu upaya yang dapat dilakukan untuk menjaga kesehatan reproduksi adalah dengan menerapkan praktik menstrual hygiene. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat pengetahuan remaja putri sekolah dasar mengenai kesehatan reproduksi dan praktik menstrual hygiene pada periode menarche. Populasi penelitian adalah seluruh siswi kelas 5 dan 6 yang sudah melalui masa menarche di SDN 4 Pacarkembang Surabaya. Jumlah sampel yang digunakan adalah sejumlah 30 sampel. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif dan menggunakan total populasi sebagai responden. Cara pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan metode survei menggunakan instrumen kuesioner dengan pertanyaan tertutup. Variabel dikategorikan menjadi tiga kategori yaitu tingkat pengetahuan baik apabila skor 76-100%, tingkat pengetahuan cukup apabila skor 56-75%, dan tingkat pengetahuan kurang apabila skor <56%. Variabel tindakan menggunakan kategori serupa dengan tingkat pengetahuan. Hasil rata-rata usia menarche responden adalah usia 11 sampai dengan 12 tahun. Hampir seluruh responden sudah mendapatkan informasi terkait menstrual hygiene sebelum responden mengalami menarche dari orang tua perempuan responden. Namun sebagian besar responden memiliki tingkat pengetahuan yang kurang (53.33%) dan perilaku menstrual hygiene responden sudah cukup baik (60.0%).Keyword: kesehatan reproduksi, menstrual hygiene, remaja, menarche

scholarly journals Race and ethnicity representation in clinical trials: findings from a literature review of Phase I oncology trials

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Ross Camidge ◽  
Haeseong Park ◽  
Karen E Smoyer ◽  
Ira Jacobs ◽  
Lauren J Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Phase I ◽  
Predominantly White ◽  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
Phase I Trials ◽  
Minimal Representation ◽  
Phase I Clinical Trials ◽  
Demographic Representation ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Race Ethnicity

Aim: To provide an assessment of published literature on the demographic representation in Phase I trials of biopharmaceutical oncology agents. Materials & methods: We conducted a rapid evidence assessment to identify demographic representation reported in Phase I clinical trials for biopharmaceutical oncology agents published in 2019. Results: Globally, the population was predominantly White/Caucasian (62.2%). In the USA, the distribution was heavily skewed toward White/Caucasian (84.2%), with minimal representation of Blacks/African–Americans (7.3%), Asians (3.4%), Hispanics/Latinos (2.8%) or other race/ethnicity groups. Conclusion: Our data highlight that Phase I oncology trials do not reflect the population at large, which may perpetuate health disparities. Further research is needed to understand and address barriers to participation, particularly among under-represented groups

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