scholarly journals Structural Correspondence Between Organizational Theories

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herman Aksom ◽  
Svitlana Firsova
Keyword(s):  
Population Ecology ◽  
Organization Theory ◽  
Structural Level ◽  
Organizational Research ◽  
Knowledge Accumulation ◽  
The Social ◽  
Organizational Theories ◽  
Structural Correspondence ◽  
Organizational Reality ◽  
Realist View

AbstractOrganizational research constitutes a differentiated, complex and fragmented field with multiple contradicting and incommensurable theories that make fundamentally different claims about the social and organizational reality. In contrast to natural sciences, the progress in this field can’t be attributed to the principle of truthlikeness where theories compete against each other and only best theories survive and prove they are closer to the truth and thus demonstrate scientific knowledge accumulation. We defend the structural realist view on the nature of organizational theories in order to demonstrate that despite the multiplicity of isolated and competing explanations of organization-environment relations these theories are still logically compatible and mutually consistent which, in turn, assures theoretical progress in the field. Although postulating different and incompatible ontologies, three most successful organization-environments theories, namely, contingency theory, new institutionalism and population ecology share the same explanations of the relations between organizations and environments at the structural level. Without this principle one would say that what occurs in the field of organization theory is a change rather than a progress.

scholarly journals Some aspects of the history and population ecology of the tsessebe damaliscus lunatus lunatus in the Kruger National Park

Koedoe ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S.C.J. Joubert ◽  
P.J.L. Bronkhorst
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Population Ecology ◽  
Age Structure ◽  
National Park ◽  
Kruger National Park ◽  
Population Trends ◽  
Social Organisation ◽  
Developmental History ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of

The population trends and distribution of the tsessebe population of the Kruger National Park are evaluated in terms of the available data derived from records compiled in the developmental history of the Kruger National Park (KNP). The recent numerical status of the population is also given. A description of the habitats favoured by tsessebe in the KNP is presented as well as an analysis of the age structure and sex-ratio of the population. Aspects of the social organisation of tsessebe affecting the interpretation of the age structure and sex-ratio phenomena of the population, are also discussed.

scholarly journals ‘You want to deal with power while riding on power’: global perspectives on power in participatory health research and co-production approaches

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. e006978
Author(s):  
Beatrice R Egid ◽  
María Roura ◽  
Bachera Aktar ◽  
Jessica Amegee Quach ◽  
Ivy Chumo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Participatory Research ◽  
Social Ecology ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Macro Level ◽  
Structural Level ◽  
Research Partnerships ◽  
Global Perspectives ◽  
Traditional Research ◽  
Participatory Health Research ◽  
The Social

IntroductionPower relations permeate research partnerships and compromise the ability of participatory research approaches to bring about transformational and sustainable change. This study aimed to explore how participatory health researchers engaged in co-production research perceive and experience ‘power’, and how it is discussed and addressed within the context of research partnerships.MethodsFive online workshops were carried out with participatory health researchers working in different global contexts. Transcripts of the workshops were analysed thematically against the ‘Social Ecology of Power’ framework and mapped at the micro (individual), meso (interpersonal) or macro (structural) level.ResultsA total of 59 participants, with participatory experience in 24 different countries, attended the workshops. At the micro level, key findings included the rarity of explicit discussions on the meaning and impact of power, the use of reflexivity for examining assumptions and power differentials, and the perceived importance of strengthening co-researcher capacity to shift power. At the meso level, participants emphasised the need to manage co-researcher expectations, create spaces for trusted dialogue, and consider the potential risks faced by empowered community partners. Participants were divided over whether gatekeeper engagement aided the research process or acted to exclude marginalised groups from participating. At the macro level, colonial and ‘traditional’ research legacies were acknowledged to have generated and maintained power inequities within research partnerships.ConclusionsThe ‘Social Ecology of Power’ framework is a useful tool for engaging with power inequities that cut across the social ecology, highlighting how they can operate at the micro, meso and macro level. This study reiterates that power is pervasive, and that while many researchers are intentional about engaging with power, actions and available tools must be used more systematically to identify and address power imbalances in participatory research partnerships, in order to contribute to improved equity and social justice outcomes.

Organizing, Organizations, and the Role of Social Media Conversations

2018 ◽  
pp. 62-78
Author(s):  
Veronica R. Dawson
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Organizational Identity ◽  
Organization Theory ◽  
Theory Of The Firm ◽  
Organizational Participation ◽  
Making Sense ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Media Platforms ◽  
Communicative Theory

This chapter traces the concept of organizational identity in organization theory and places it in the social media context. It proposes that organizational communication theories intellectually based in the “linguistic turn” (e.g., the Montreal School Approach to how communication constitutes organizations, communicative theory of the firm) are well positioned to illuminate the constitutive capabilities of identity-bound interaction on social media. It suggest that social media is more than another organizational tool for communication with stakeholders in that it affords interactants the opportunity to negotiate foundational organizational practices: organizational identity, boundaries, and membership, in public. In this negotiative process, the organizing role of the stakeholder is emphasized and legitimized by organizational participation and engagement on social media platforms. The Montreal School Approach's conversation–text dialectic and the communicative theory of the firm's conceptualization of organizations as social, are two useful concepts when making sense of organization–stakeholder interaction in the social media context.

Professionalism, Professionalization, and Deprofessionalization in Journalism

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenny Wiik
Keyword(s):  
Self Regulation ◽  
Codes Of Conduct ◽  
Professional Status ◽  
Occupational Socialization ◽  
Structural Level ◽  
Professional Discourse ◽  
The Public ◽  
Journalism Studies ◽  
The Social ◽  
Normative Value

The notion of professionalism within journalism is widespread and has been thoroughly explored. “Professionalism” refers to a normative value system utilized by professionals in relation to their clients, work practices, and occupational socialization. The perspective implies a number of characteristics distinguishing professions from occupations: autonomy, exclusive knowledge, ethical codes of conduct, occupational ideals/culture, and altruistic features (i.e., to act in the public interest). Jointly, these values function as a framework for journalists in everyday practice, guiding and controlling them. In a Western context, this framework legitimizes the social contract that allows journalism the privilege of autonomy and self-regulation on a structural level. The professionalism of journalists has been empirically studied since the 1950s, and the field is constantly expanding. Similar popular conceptualizations when interrogating the norms, practice, and ideals of journalists include, for instance, “role,” “habitus,” “interpretive community,” “ideology,” and “culture.” However, the major body of journalism studies has tried to capture those aspects from a perspective of professional theory. Today, the professional status of journalists is challenged and questioned. Exclusivity is broken, autonomy declines, and other actors are increasingly redefining the field. In this context, new methods and ideals arise. The professional discourse of journalists evolves and adapts in new ways, as does the research in this area.

scholarly journals The impact of uncertainty in society on the use of traditional, complementary and alternative medicine: a comparative study on visits to alternative/traditional/folk health care practitioners

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jimpei Misawa ◽  
Rie Ichikawa ◽  
Akiko Shibuya ◽  
Yukihiro Maeda ◽  
Ichiro Arai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Alternative Medicine ◽  
Complementary And Alternative Medicine ◽  
Job Insecurity ◽  
Structural Level ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Structural ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Complementary And Alternative

Abstract Background While traditional, complementary and alternative medicine (TCAM) is gaining increased interest worldwide, the structural factors associated with the usage of TCAM at the social level have not been sufficiently explored. We aim to understand the social structure of uncertainty in society that affects the TCAM usage for men and women. Methods We studied 32 countries using data from the International Social Survey Programme and the World Bank. In this study, we defined TCAM usage as visits to an alternative/traditional/folk health care practitioner during the past 12 months. We performed a correlation analysis and used a generalized linear model . Results The prevalence of TCAM usage in terms of visits to practitioners was 26.1% globally, while usage varied across the 32 countries. Generalized linear models showed that unemployment rate was associated with the prevalence of TCAM usage in terms of visits to practitioners. Conclusions At the social-structural level TCAM usage involving visits to practitioners was related to job insecurity. Job insecurity led to a decrease in TCAM usage regarding visits to practitioners. These findings suggest that it is necessary to consider the social-structural factors of uncertainty in society when designing health policies related to TCAM.

scholarly journals The Social Accountability Report within the Chambers of Commerce: Theory, Procedure and Empirical Evidence

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Ubaldo Comite ◽  
Nadia Oliva
Keyword(s):  
Social Control ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
Social Accountability ◽  
Social Reporting ◽  
Structural Level ◽  
Chambers Of Commerce ◽  
The Social ◽  
Innovative Tool ◽  
The Empirical Analysis

In Italy, many companies and central and local public administration offices, including the Chambers of Commerce, are turning to new forms of accounting of their results. Amongst these, the social accountability report definitely represents an innovative tool; an innovation intended to guarantee compliance with the principles of accountability and social control, that are growing strong within the wider process of transparency and accessibility of management data, as well as the use of the resources, which involves the whole Public Administration. The social accountability report is presented as a non-accounting tool meant to spread a systemic and structured vision of the activities carried out and of the results obtained by the administration in reference to the period of the ending mandate. The aim of the work is to examine in depth the issue of social reporting in the Chambers of Commerce, referring in particular to the social accountability report, highlighting its potential and its criticalities through a theoretical, empirical and methodological analysis. By using the empirical analysis, we are going to show, first of all, the composition and the territorial distribution of social reporting in the Chambers of Commerce between 1999 and 2016. By offering, later on, a case study, such as the social accountability report of the Chamber of Commerce of Treviso, we will show how the experiences of the Chambers of commerce relating to social reporting are so heterogeneous that the several reports produced often show some significant peculiarities on a structural level. In the knowledge that such heterogeneity represents, however, a methodological enhancement, the work will later show a standard social accountability report for the Chambers of Commerce that is a result of the adaptation and reasoned integration of the contents of the social accountability reports produced by the Chambers of Commerce so far.

Singing with Dignity

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-87
Author(s):  
Prabhir Vishnu Poruthiyil
Keyword(s):  
Organization Theory ◽  
Older Persons ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Analytical Tool ◽  
Organization Studies ◽  
Societal Relevance ◽  
The Social ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Organizing Principles

Scholars of organization studies are right to be concerned with the limited contributions the field has made to public policy despite the societal relevance of the insights it contains. The combination of bulkiness and of insulated pockets of specialization could help explain the relative isolation from policy making that tends to require a combination of speed and multifaceted application. The social quality (SQ) approach is simultaneously an analytical tool and a political project to secure dignity of precarious individuals. The multilevel framework adopted by SQ can effectively channel the wide range of contributions from organization studies in the service of public good. Using an ethnography of music lessons followed by older adults in a cultural institution facing imminent closure because of austerity measures, the article connects SQ work to contributions from organization theory, which can shed light on organizing principles critical to well-being of older persons.

Structural Redundancy and Multiplicity within Networks of US Corporate Directors

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy C. Barnes
Keyword(s):  
Social Ties ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
Structural Level ◽  
Unique Contribution ◽  
Policy Planning ◽  
Structural Redundancy ◽  
Interlocking Directorates ◽  
Social Affiliations ◽  
The Social ◽  
Planning Organizations

The argument of this paper is that social ties beyond the boardroom matter. At the structural level, social ties from non-profit foundations, cultural organizations, university boards, policy planning organizations, and private social clubs add unique ties to those established by interlocking directorates. In addition, the multiple configurations of these social affiliations increase the centrality and reduce the social distance among the corporate directors. Although visualizations of these social networks underscore the changing roles these extra-corporate ties play in uniting corporate directors, they cannot precisely capture the unique effects of ties created by social affiliations outside the boardroom. Utilizing the concepts of structural redundancy and multiplicity, the paper describes the unique contribution each set of ties makes in constructing the social mosaic of corporate America during the second half of the 20th century. The results indicate a dramatic reduction in the role private clubs play in supplementing corporate ties, and an equally significant rise in the importance of social ties generated by policy planning organizations.

The Specters of Citizenship

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy L. Brandzel
Keyword(s):  
Hate Crime ◽  
Hate Crimes ◽  
State Violence ◽  
The State ◽  
Police Brutality ◽  
Structural Level ◽  
Hate Crime Legislation ◽  
The Social ◽  
Crime Legislation ◽  
Social Level

This chapter examines the violent maintenance of citizenship through the police state, and the uses of hate crime legislation to both name and disallow any recognition of this violence. The intervention into how we understand citizenship to be violently organized functions at two interconnected levels, that is, at the structural level of state violence, and at the social level of identity categories. At the level of the state, hate crime legislation offers us important information on how the violence of citizenship is managed, controlled, and directed. At the structural level of the state, the chapter adds to left critiques of hate crime legislation by unpacking how these laws are used to create a dangerous discontinuum, in which hate crimes are marked as individualized errors, while police brutality is systemically assuaged. By examining the machinations of hate crime legislation at these two levels, it is argued that hate crime legislation works, simultaneously, to recognize and deny: (1) the violence of citizenship; and (2) the fear that the oppressed will seek revenge and retaliate for this experience by using violence themselves.

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