scholarly journals A review on the use of additive manufacturing to produce lower limb orthoses

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed S. Alqahtani ◽  
Abdulsalam Al-Tamimi ◽  
Henrique Almeida ◽  
Glen Cooper ◽  
Paulo Bartolo
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Current State ◽  
Research Challenges ◽  
Fixation Devices ◽  
Alignment Correction ◽  
And Performance

Abstract Orthoses (exoskeletons and fracture fixation devices) enhance users’ ability to function and improve their quality of life by supporting alignment correction, restoring mobility, providing protection, immobilisation and stabilisation. Ideally, these devices should be personalised to each patient to improve comfort and performance. Production costs have been one of the main constraints for the production of personalised orthoses. However, customisation and personalisation of orthoses are now possible through the use of additive manufacturing. This paper presents the current state of the art of additive manufacturing for the fabrication of orthoses, providing several examples, and discusses key research challenges to be addressed to further develop this field.

Modular Prosthetic Design for Transtibial Child Amputees

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brendan M. Hickey ◽  
Samuel T. Woo ◽  
Sally F. Shady
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Insurance Coverage ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Prosthetic Design ◽  
Current State ◽  
Limb Deficiencies

Lower limb deficiencies and below knee amputations are the most common form of deficiency that may arise from disease or trauma, and returning a patient close to a normal quality-of-life requires prosthetics, which can be quite challenging. Children present even further difficulty to prosthetists and physicians than adults. Although the underlying prosthetic principles for adults are the same for children, additional considerations must be made for practicality, such as downsizing while maintaining its degree of complexity, and frequent appointments to account for the rapid growth of an adolescent. This review article will evaluate the current state-of-the-art in the field of transtibial-amputee prosthetics, review the insurance coverage a typical family would face, and suggest potential improvements to children’s biomimetic prostheses that aid in reducing the frequency of health care provider intervention.

scholarly journals Smoothing additive manufactured parts using ns-pulsed laser radiation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Kuisat ◽  
Fernando Lasagni ◽  
Andrés Fabián Lasagni
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Pulsed Laser ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Laser Source ◽  
Pulsed Laser Radiation ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Impact

AbstractIt is well known that the surface topography of a part can affect its mechanical performance, which is typical in additive manufacturing. In this context, we report about the surface modification of additive manufactured components made of Titanium 64 (Ti64) and Scalmalloy®, using a pulsed laser, with the aim of reducing their surface roughness. In our experiments, a nanosecond-pulsed infrared laser source with variable pulse durations between 8 and 200 ns was applied. The impact of varying a large number of parameters on the surface quality of the smoothed areas was investigated. The results demonstrated a reduction of surface roughness Sa by more than 80% for Titanium 64 and by 65% for Scalmalloy® samples. This allows to extend the applicability of additive manufactured components beyond the current state of the art and break new ground for the application in various industrial applications such as in aerospace.

scholarly journals Ensemble-Based Out-of-Distribution Detection

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 567
Author(s):  
Donghun Yang ◽  
Kien Mai Mai Ngoc ◽  
Iksoo Shin ◽  
Kyong-Ha Lee ◽  
Myunggwon Hwang
Keyword(s):  
Detection Method ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Metric Learning ◽  
Feature Space ◽  
Confidence Score ◽  
Distance Metric Learning ◽  
Current State ◽  
Overall Performance ◽  
Deep Learning Model

To design an efficient deep learning model that can be used in the real-world, it is important to detect out-of-distribution (OOD) data well. Various studies have been conducted to solve the OOD problem. The current state-of-the-art approach uses a confidence score based on the Mahalanobis distance in a feature space. Although it outperformed the previous approaches, the results were sensitive to the quality of the trained model and the dataset complexity. Herein, we propose a novel OOD detection method that can train more efficient feature space for OOD detection. The proposed method uses an ensemble of the features trained using the softmax-based classifier and the network based on distance metric learning (DML). Through the complementary interaction of these two networks, the trained feature space has a more clumped distribution and can fit well on the Gaussian distribution by class. Therefore, OOD data can be efficiently detected by setting a threshold in the trained feature space. To evaluate the proposed method, we applied our method to various combinations of image datasets. The results show that the overall performance of the proposed approach is superior to those of other methods, including the state-of-the-art approach, on any combination of datasets.

Blockchain and Its Applications in Healthcare

2021 ◽  
pp. 271-294
Author(s):  
Maitri Rajesh Gohil ◽  
Sumukh Sandeep Maduskar ◽  
Vikrant Gajria ◽  
Ramchandra Mangrulkar
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Service ◽  
Production Line ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Healthcare Systems ◽  
Cutting Edge ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Health Institutions ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Patient Centric

Growing organizations, institutions, and SMEs demand for transformation in all the aspects of their businesses along with the progression in time and technology. When it comes to healthcare, the growth should be heightened to higher levels with necessity. The need of providing quality of service (QoS) in healthcare is taking significant place, allowing health institutions and medical compliances to develop an ecosystem with cutting-edge technology with the same reliability but better productivity and performance. Moreover, the healthcare systems are aiming for a more patient-centric strategy. Healthcare systems work on complicated and traditional methods, oftentimes administered via teams of professionals who manage data and supportive mechanisms of the system. Blockchain could streamline and automate those methods, conserving weeks of effort in the company's production line to increase the overall revenue and discover new opportunities. This chapter aims to illustrate blockchain technology along with its state-of-the-art applications in healthcare.

scholarly journals Biomechanical behaviours of the bone–implant interface: a review

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (156) ◽  
pp. 20190259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xing Gao ◽  
Manon Fraulob ◽  
Guillaume Haïat
Keyword(s):  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Medical Devices ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Biomechanical Properties ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Implant Stability ◽  
Bone Implant ◽  
Current State ◽  
Mechanical Methods

In recent decades, cementless implants have been widely used in clinical practice to replace missing organs, to replace damaged or missing bone tissue or to restore joint functionality. However, there remain risks of failure which may have dramatic consequences. The success of an implant depends on its stability, which is determined by the biomechanical properties of the bone–implant interface (BII). The aim of this review article is to provide more insight on the current state of the art concerning the evolution of the biomechanical properties of the BII as a function of the implant's environment. The main characteristics of the BII and the determinants of implant stability are first introduced. Then, the different mechanical methods that have been employed to derive the macroscopic properties of the BII will be described. The experimental multi-modality approaches used to determine the microscopic biomechanical properties of periprosthetic newly formed bone tissue are also reviewed. Eventually, the influence of the implant's properties, in terms of both surface properties and biomaterials, is investigated. A better understanding of the phenomena occurring at the BII will lead to (i) medical devices that help surgeons to determine an implant's stability and (ii) an improvement in the quality of implants.

scholarly journals Integrated Simulation Environment for Unmanned Autonomous Systems—Towards a Conceptual Framework

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. G. Perhinschi ◽  
M. R. Napolitano ◽  
S. Tamayo
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Autonomous Systems ◽  
Simulation Environment ◽  
Integrated Simulation ◽  
Systems Perspective ◽  
Future Developments ◽  
Current State ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Testing And Evaluation

The paper initiates a comprehensive conceptual framework for an integrated simulation environment for unmanned autonomous systems (UAS) that is capable of supporting the design, analysis, testing, and evaluation from a “system of systems” perspective. The paper also investigates the current state of the art of modeling and performance assessment of UAS and their components and identifies directions for future developments. All the components of a comprehensive simulation environment focused on the testing and evaluation of UAS are identified and defined through detailed analysis of current and future required capabilities and performance. The generality and completeness of the simulation environment is ensured by including all operational domains, types of agents, external systems, missions, and interactions between components. The conceptual framework for the simulation environment is formulated with flexibility, modularity, generality, and portability as key objectives. The development of the conceptual framework for the UAS simulation reveals important aspects related to the mechanisms and interactions that determine specific UAS characteristics including complexity, adaptability, synergy, and high impact of artificial and human intelligence on system performance and effectiveness.

scholarly journals Striving for State of the Art with Paradigm Interplay and Meta-Synthesis: Purpose-oriented Network Research Challenges and Good Research Practices as a Way Forward

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 175-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin H Lemaire ◽  
Remco S Mannak ◽  
Sonia M Ospina ◽  
Martijn Groenleer
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Research Practices ◽  
The Public ◽  
Research Perspectives ◽  
Current State ◽  
Research Challenges ◽  
Network Research ◽  
Good Research

Abstract With the growing amount and increasing heterogeneity of research on purpose-oriented networks (PONs) in the public sector, it is imperative to find a way to synthesize this research. Drawing on the varied research perspectives on PONs, we advance the idea of paradigm interplay and meta-synthesis as aspirations for the field and argue this is especially key if we want the study of PONs to inform practice. However, we recognize several challenges in the current state of the PON research that prevent the field from making strides in paradigm interplay and meta-synthesis. We discuss six challenges which we consider the most critical: different labels, differences across research foci, variation in measurement, the nestedness of networks, the dynamism of networks, and variation in the network context. We suggest six good research practices that could contribute to overcoming the challenges now so as to make integration of the research field more of a possibility in the future.

scholarly journals Review of Tailoring Methods for Joints with Additively Manufactured Adherends and Adhesives

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 3949
Author(s):  
Mattia Frascio ◽  
Eduardo André de Sousa Marques ◽  
Ricardo João Camilo Carbas ◽  
Lucas Filipe Martins da Silva ◽  
Margherita Monti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Manufacturing Processes ◽  
Bonded Joints ◽  
Design For Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Polymeric Additive ◽  
Current State ◽  
Bonded Joint ◽  
Current Modelling

This review aims to assess the current modelling and experimental achievements in the design for additive manufacturing of bonded joints, providing a summary of the current state of the art. To limit its scope, the document is focused only on polymeric additive manufacturing processes. As a result, this review paper contains a structured collection of the tailoring methods adopted for additively manufactured adherends and adhesives with the aim of maximizing bonded joint performance. The intent is, setting the state of the art, to produce an overview useful to identify the new opportunities provided by recent progresses in the design for additive manufacturing, additive manufacturing processes and materials’ developments.

What Every Therapist Needs to Know About Couple Therapy

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 121-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Kim Halford ◽  
Christopher A. Pepping
Keyword(s):  
Couple Therapy ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Couple Relationship ◽  
Couple Relationships ◽  
Art And Science ◽  
Relationship Distress ◽  
Relationship Problems ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThis invited paper is a review of the significance of couple relationships to the practice of all therapists. The article begins with a summary of the evidence on the centrality of committed couple relationships to the lives and wellbeing of adults, and the association of the quality of the parents’ couple relationship on the wellbeing of children. We argue that the well-established reciprocal association between individual problems and couple relationship problems means that all therapists need to pay attention to how a couple relationship might be influencing a client's functioning, even if the relationship is not the presenting problem. There is an outline the evolution of current approaches to behavioural couple therapy, and the current state of the art and science of couple therapy. We present an analysis of the evidence for couple therapy as a treatment for relationship distress, as well as couple-based treatments for individual problems. This is followed by a description of the distinctive challenges in working with couples and how to address those challenges, and recommendations about how to address the needs of diverse couple relationships. Finally, we propose some core therapist competencies needed to work effectively with couples.

scholarly journals Advances in Analysis of Milk Proteases Activity at Surfaces and in a Volume by Acoustic Methods

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (19) ◽  
pp. 5594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Dizon ◽  
Marek Tatarko ◽  
Tibor Hianik
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Enzyme Reaction ◽  
Ultrasonic Spectroscopy ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Current State ◽  
Acoustic Methods ◽  
Milk Gelation ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Increased Activity

This review is focused on the application of surface and volume-sensitive acoustic methods for the detection of milk proteases such as trypsin and plasmin. While trypsin is an important protein of human milk, plasmin is a protease that plays an important role in the quality of bovine, sheep and goat milks. The increased activity of plasmin can cause an extensive cleavage of β-casein and, thus, affect the milk gelation and taste. The basic principles of surface-sensitive acoustic methods, as well as high-resolution ultrasonic spectroscopy (HR-US), are presented. The current state-of-the-art examples of the application of acoustic sensors for protease detection in real time are discussed. The application of the HR-US method for studying the kinetics of the enzyme reaction is demonstrated. The sensitivity of the acoustics biosensors and HR-US methods for protease detection are compared.

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