scholarly journals Inert agricultural spray adjuvants may increase the adverse effects of selected insecticides on honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) under laboratory conditions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Wernecke ◽  
Jakob H. Eckert ◽  
Rolf Forster ◽  
Nils Kurlemann ◽  
Richard Odemer
Keyword(s):  
Honey Bees ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Hazard Ratio ◽  
Proportional Hazard ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard ◽  
Lambda Cyhalothrin ◽  
Spray Adjuvants

AbstractCurrently, more than 360 spray adjuvants are registered in Germany (September 2021). Unlike plant protection products (PPPs), adjuvants are not subjected to regulatory risk assessment. In practice, numerous combinations of PPPs and adjuvants are therefore possible. Thus, tank mixtures containing insecticides that are classified as non-hazardous to bees up to the highest approved application rate or concentration may raise pollinator safety concerns when mixed with efficacy increasing adjuvants and applied in bee-attractive crops. This study analyzes whether selected “PPP–adjuvant” combinations result in increased contact mortality and pose an elevated risk to honey bees. To answer this question, we chose six common spray adjuvants of different classes for laboratory screening. These were then tested in a total of 30 tank mixtures, each with a neonicotinoid (acetamiprid), pyrethroid (lambda-cyhalothrin), diamide (chlorantraniliprole), carbamate (pirimicarb), and butenolide (flupyradifurone) formulation. We adapted an acute contact test (OECD Test Guideline 214) to our needs, e.g., by using a professional spray chamber for more realistic exposures. Our results showed that, in total, 50% of all combinations significantly increased the mortality of caged honey bees in comparison with individual application of insecticides. In contrast, none of the adjuvants alone affected bee mortality (Cox proportional hazard model, p > 0.05). With four of the five insecticide formulations, the organosilicone surfactant Break-Thru® S 301 significantly increased bee mortality within 72 h (for all insecticides except chlorantraniliprole). Furthermore, acetamiprid yielded the highest and second highest mortality increases from a tank mixture with the crop oil surfactant LI 700® (hazard ratio = 28.84, p < 0.05) and the organosilicone Break-Thru® S 301 (hazard ratio = 14.66, p < 0.05), respectively. To assess risk in a more field-realistic setting, field trials should be performed to provide a more realistic exposure scenario under colony conditions.

scholarly journals Inert agricultural spray adjuvants may increase the adverse effects of selected insecticides on honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) under laboratory conditions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Wernecke ◽  
Jakob H. Eckert ◽  
Rolf Forster ◽  
Nils Kurlemann ◽  
Richard Odemer
Keyword(s):  
Honey Bees ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Hazard Ratio ◽  
Proportional Hazard ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard ◽  
Lambda Cyhalothrin ◽  
Test Guideline ◽  
Spray Adjuvants

Abstract Currently, more than 350 spray adjuvants are registered in Germany (January 2021). Unlike plant protection products (PPPs), adjuvants are not subjected to regulatory risk assessment. In practice, numerous combinations of PPPs and adjuvants are therefore possible. Thus, tank mixtures containing insecticides that are classified as nonhazardous to bees and approved for use in bee attractive crops may raise pollinator safety concerns when mixed with efficacy increasing adjuvants. This study analyzes whether selected “PPP-adjuvant” combinations result in increased mortality and pose an elevated risk to honey bees. To answer this question, we chose six common spray adjuvants of different classes for laboratory screening. These were then tested in a total of 30 tank mixtures, each with a neonicotinoid (acetamiprid), pyrethroid (lambda-cyhalothrin), diamide (chlorantraniliprole), carbamate (pirimicarb), and butenolide (flupyradifurone) formulation. We followed OECD test guideline 214 (acute contact test) but adopted the use of a professional spray chamber for more realistic exposures. Our results showed that, in total, 50% of all combinations significantly reduced the lifespan of caged honey bees in comparison to individual application of insecticides. In contrast, none of the adjuvants alone affected bee mortality (Cox proportional hazard model, p > 0.05). With four of the five insecticide formulations, the organosilicone surfactant Break-Thru® S 301 significantly increased bee mortality within 72 h (for all insecticides except chlorantraniliprole). Furthermore, acetamiprid yielded the highest and second-highest mortality increases from a tank mixture with the crop oil surfactants LI-700 (hazard ratio = 28.84, p < 0.05) and Break-Thru® S 301 (hazard ratio = 14.66, p < 0.05), respectively. In the next step, field trials should be performed to provide a more realistic exposure scenario under colony conditions to verify these findings.

Comparing Nozzles with Different Wear Rate and Working with the Same Application Rate of Different Plant Protection Products in Aspect of Plants Condition

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-56
Author(s):  
Stanisław Parafiniuk ◽  
Alaa Kamel Subr ◽  
Marek Milanowski ◽  
Anna Krawczuk
Keyword(s):  
Wear Rate ◽  
Rate Increase ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Flow Rate Increase ◽  
Nozzle Type

AbstractThree different types of nozzles (different wear rate) were used in this study. They are classified depending on the severity of their wear to three groups: new, worn and damaged nozzles. Those nozzles were spraying with the same application rate (303 l/ha) on two-year field trials; this was achieved by changing the spraying pressure for each group of nozzles in order to get the same application rate. This practice is usually done by operators of sprayers, who calibrate the sprayers on the same application rate every year without changing the nozzles, so they tend to reduce the spraying pressure in order to compensate the flow rate increase due to the nozzles yearly wear. Two types of plant growth regulators (PGR) agents were used in this study, namely: Moddus and Kelpak, they were applied to wheat plants field to reduce lodging. The results showed that applying PGR in the year 2015 produced an increase in the wheat yield and reduction in the plant height regardless the nozzle type, although there was not any occurrence of wheat lodging. In the year 2016, the new nozzles produced higher values of wheat yield than other two types of nozzles.

scholarly journals Prognostic implications of depression and inflammation in patients with metastatic lung cancer

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel C McFarland ◽  
Rebecca M. Saracino ◽  
Andrew H. Miller ◽  
William Breitbart ◽  
Barry Rosenfeld ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Hazard Ratio ◽  
Proportional Hazard ◽  
Metastatic Lung Cancer ◽  
Proportional Hazard Models ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Metastatic Lung ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard Models ◽  
Prognostic Implications

Background: Lung cancer-related inflammation is associated with depression. Both elevated inflammation and depression are associated with worse survival. However, outcomes of patients with concomitant depression and elevated inflammation are not known. Materials & methods: Patients with metastatic lung cancer (n = 123) were evaluated for depression and inflammation. Kaplan–Meier plots and Cox proportional hazard models provided survival estimations. Results: Estimated survival was 515 days for the cohort and 323 days for patients with depression (hazard ratio: 1.12; 95% CI: 1.05–1.179), 356 days for patients with elevated inflammation (hazard ratio: 2.85, 95% CI: 1.856–4.388), and 307 days with both (χ2 = 12.546; p < 0.001]). Conclusion: Depression and inflammation are independently associated with inferior survival. Survival worsened by inflammation is mediated by depression-a treatable risk factor.

scholarly journals On-Farm Evaluation of Prescription Map-Based Variable Rate Application of Pesticides in Vineyards

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Campos ◽  
Montserrat Gallart ◽  
Jordi Llop ◽  
Paula Ortega ◽  
Ramón Salcedo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Design Procedure ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Variable Rate ◽  
Variable Rate Application ◽  
Pesticide Distribution ◽  
Spray Distribution ◽  
Disease Damage ◽  
High Degree

Canopy characteristics are crucial for accurately and safely determining the pesticide quantity and volume of water used for spray applications in vineyards. The inevitably high degree of intraplot variability makes it difficult to develop a global solution for the optimal volume application rate. Here, the design procedure of, and the results obtained from, a variable rate application (VRA) sprayer are presented. Prescription maps were generated after detailed canopy characterization, using a multispectral camera embedded on an unmanned aerial vehicle, throughout the entire growing season in Torrelavit (Barcelona) in four vineyard plots of Chardonnay (2.35 ha), Merlot (2.97 ha), and Cabernet Sauvignonn (4.67 ha). The maps were obtained by merging multispectral images with information provided by DOSAVIÑA®, a decision support system, to determine the optimal volume rate. They were then uploaded to the VRA prototype, obtaining actual variable application maps after the application processes were complete. The prototype had an adequate spray distribution quality, with coverage values in the range of 20–40% and exhibited similar results in terms of biological efficacy on powdery mildew compared to conventional (and constant) application volumes. The VRA results demonstrated an accurate and reasonable pesticide distribution, with potential for reduced disease damage even in cases with reduced amounts of plant protection products and water.

Intensive Care Unit Admissions in Patients with Hematologic Malignancies: Outcomes and Prognostic Indicators.

Blood ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 106 (11) ◽  
pp. 752-752 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Rubin-Superfin ◽  
Timothy Albertson ◽  
Carol M. Richman
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
Hazard Analysis ◽  
Hematologic Malignancies ◽  
Hazard Ratio ◽  
Prognostic Indicators ◽  
Proportional Hazard ◽  
Icu Stay ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard ◽  
Life Threatening

Abstract With intensification in treatments of hematologic malignancies (HM), the number of life-threatening complications requiring intensive care unit (ICU) admissions has increased. In general, cancer patients requiring ICU care are considered to have a poor prognosis, but it is a common belief among intensivists that patients with HM have an exceptionally grave prognosis. The aim of the current study was to assess outcomes in patients with HM admitted to the ICU for life-threatening complications. In addition, this study intended to identify early prognostic indicators that would be helpful in determining outcomes of ICU stay in this patient population. We performed a retrospective chart review of 185 consecutive critically ill patients with HM admitted to the ICU at a tertiary university hospital during a 5.5-year period. We collected variables ar admission and during admission and identified predictors of in-hospital mortality by Cox proportional hazard analysis. 88.7% patients had active disease, and 36.2% were bone marrow transplant (BMT) recipients. 24.3% were leukopenic (leukocyte count,&lt;1.0x109/L) at admission. Sepsis (30.3%), respiratory failure (17.3%), and post-surgical complications (16.2%) were the major reasons for ICU admissions. 22.2% required vasopressors at admission. 38.4% required mechanical ventilation (MV) and 9.2% needed hemodialysis during ICU stay. Crude ICU, in-hospital, and 6-month mortality rates were 19.5%, 8.1%, and 9.7%, respectively. MV (hazard ratio, 2.75), blood urea nitrogen (BUN)&gt;22 (hazard ratio, 1.81), pre-existent COPD/Asthma (hazard ratio, 3.24), urine output (UOP)&lt;400 ml/24hr (hazard ratio, 2.8) were associated with poor outcome, while high albumin (hazard ratio, 0.54) was associated with better prognosis in multivariate Cox proportional hazard analysis. Using an univariate logistic regression model, diagnosis of acute leukemia (odds ratio, 2.42; 95% confidential interval, 1.23–4.75) or allogeneic BMT (odd ratio, 4.33; 95% confidence interval, 1.17–16.06) were associated with poor outcome, whereas diagnosis of lymphoma (odd ratio, 0.34; 95% confidence interval, 0.16–0.72) or APACHE II&lt;22 (odd ratio, 0.33; 95% confidence interval, 0.17–0.65) were associated with better prognosis. Using these variables, we categorized our population into 4 groups: a very low risk group (lymphoma or other non-leukemia in combination with no need for MV and good UOP/normal BUN), a low risk group (lymphoma or other non-leukemia in combination with either MV, or low UOP/high BUN, or both), an intermediate risk group (leukemia or post-BMT in combination with either MV, or low UOP/high BUN, or neither negative factors), and a high risk group (leukemia or post-BMT in combination with MV and low UOP/high BUN). Survival probabilities at 6 months were 85%, 50%, 47%, and 16%, respectively (p&lt;0.0001). The survival of patients with HM in the ICU was compatible with overall ICU survival at our institution, contrary to prevailing opinion. However, we identified several early predictors of outcome that may be important in deciding on prolonged ICU stay.

Dementia and the Risk of Periodontitis: A Population-Based Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 002203452110372
Author(s):  
K.S. Ma ◽  
H. Hasturk ◽  
I. Carreras ◽  
A. Dedeoglu ◽  
J.J. Veeravalli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Relative Risk ◽  
Propensity Score ◽  
Hazard Ratio ◽  
Adjusted Hazard Ratio ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Confounding Factors ◽  
Proportional Hazard ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard ◽  
Log Rank Test

Dementia and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are proposed to be comorbid with periodontitis (PD). It is unclear whether PD is associated with dementia and AD independent of confounding factors. We aimed at identifying the relationship between the longitudinal risk of developing PD in a cohort of patients with dementia and AD who did not show any signs of PD at baseline. In this retrospective cohort study, 8,640 patients with dementia without prior PD were recruited, and 8,640 individuals without dementia history were selected as propensity score–matched controls. A Cox proportional hazard model was developed to estimate the risk of developing PD over 10 y. Cumulative probability was derived to assess the time-dependent effect of dementia on PD. Of the 8,640 patients, a sensitivity test was conducted on 606 patients with AD-associated dementia and 606 non-AD propensity score–matched controls to identify the impact of AD-associated dementia on the risk for PD. Subgroup analyses on age stratification were included. Overall 2,670 patients with dementia developed PD. The relative risk of PD in these patients was significantly higher than in the nondementia group (1.825, 95% CI = 1.715 to 1.942). Cox proportional hazard models showed that patients with dementia were more likely to have PD than individuals without dementia (adjusted hazard ratio = 1.915, 95% CI = 1.766 to 2.077, P < 0.0001, log-rank test P < 0.0001). The risk of PD in patients with dementia was age dependent ( P values for all ages <0.0001); younger patients with dementia were more likely to develop PD. The findings persisted for patients with AD: the relative risk (1.531, 95% CI = 1.209 to 1.939) and adjusted hazard ratio (1.667, 95% CI = 1.244 to 2.232; log-rank test P = 0.0004) of PD in patients with AD were significantly higher than the non-AD cohort. Our findings demonstrated that dementia and AD were associated with a higher risk of PD dependent of age and independent of systemic confounding factors.

scholarly journals Comparing the 12-month patency of low- versus high-pressure dilation in failing arteriovenous fistulae: A prospective multicenter trial (YOROI study)

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 477-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koki Wakamoto ◽  
Shigehiro Doi ◽  
Ayumu Nakashima ◽  
Toru Kawai ◽  
Yasufumi Kyuden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Patency Rate ◽  
Hazard Model ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Hazard Ratio ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard Model ◽  
Proportional Hazard ◽  
Pressure Group ◽  
Proportional Hazard Model ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard

Purpose: This study was performed to investigate the effect of the balloon dilation pressure on the 12-month patency rate in patients with failed arteriovenous fistulas undergoing hemodialysis. Materials and methods: In this multicenter, prospective, randomized trial, the 4-mm-diameter YOROI balloon was used for dilation of stenotic lesions. The balloons were inflated to a pressure of 8 atm (low-pressure group) or 30 atm to achieve complete expansion (high-pressure group). The 12-month patency rate after balloon angioplasty was analyzed by the Kaplan–Meier method and log-rank test and/or a Cox proportional hazard model. We also investigated the dilation pressure required to achieve complete expansion in the high-pressure group. Results: In total, 71 patients were enrolled and allocated to either the low-pressure group (n = 34) or the high-pressure group (n = 37). The 12-month patency rates showed no significant difference between the low- and high-pressure groups (47% and 49%, respectively; p = 0.87). In the low-pressure group, the patency rate was not different between patients with complete dilation and residual stenosis (44% and 50%, respectively; p = 0.87). The Cox proportional hazard model revealed that the 12-month patency rate was associated with the stenosis diameter (hazard ratio 0.36; p = 0.001) and the presence of diabetes (hazard ratio 0.33; p = 0.018). Finally, the pressure required to achieve complete dilation was ≤20 atm in 76% of patients and ≤30 atm in 97% of patients. One patient required a dilation pressure of >30 atm. Conclusion: The patency rate does not differ between low-pressure dilation and high-pressure dilation.

scholarly journals Use of Myeloperoxidase for Risk Stratification in Acute Heart Failure

2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 944-951 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias Reichlin ◽  
Thenral Socrates ◽  
Patrick Egli ◽  
Mihael Potocki ◽  
Tobias Breidthardt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Acute Heart Failure ◽  
Hazard Analysis ◽  
Hazard Ratio ◽  
Limited Area ◽  
Proportional Hazard ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard ◽  
Mortality Hazard ◽  
Mortality Hazard Ratio

Abstract Background: Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is a biomarker of inflammation and oxidative stress produced by neutrophils, monocytes, and endothelial cells. Concentrations of MPO predict mortality in patients with chronic heart failure. This study sought to investigate the diagnostic accuracy and prognostic value of MPO in patients with acute heart failure (AHF). Methods: We prospectively enrolled 667 patients presenting to the emergency department with dyspnea and observed them for 1 year. MPO and B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) were measured at presentation. Two independent cardiologists adjudicated final discharge diagnoses. Results: MPO concentrations were similar in patients with AHF (n = 377, median 139 pmol/L) and patients with noncardiac causes of dyspnea (n = 290, median 150 pmol/L, P = 0.26). The diagnostic accuracy of MPO for AHF was limited [area under the ROC curve (AUC) 0.53] and inferior to that of BNP (AUC 0.95, P &lt; 0.001). In patients with AHF, MPO concentrations above the lowest tertile (MPO &gt;99 pmol/L) were associated with significantly increased 1-year mortality (hazard ratio 1.58, P = 0.02). The combination of MPO (≤99 vs &gt;99 pmol/L) and BNP (median of ≤847 vs &gt;847 ng/L) improved the prediction of 1-year mortality (hazard ratio 2.80 for both variables increased vs both low, P &lt; 0.001). After adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors in multivariable Cox proportional hazard analysis, increases in MPO contributed significantly toward the prediction of 1-year mortality (hazard ratio 1.51, P = 0.045). Conclusions: MPO is an independent predictor of 1-year mortality in AHF, is additive to BNP, and could be helpful in identifying patients with a favorable prognosis despite increased BNP concentrations.

scholarly journals Synthetic gel structures in soils for sustainable potato farming

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrey Smagin ◽  
Nadezhda Sadovnikova ◽  
Marina Smagina
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Atmospheric Precipitation ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
New Type ◽  
Potato Growth ◽  
Potato Pathogens ◽  
Different Soils

AbstractAnti-pathogenic protection of potatoes remains one of the most pressing problems of sustainable agronomy and plant protection. For this purpose, we propose to use a new type of synthetic hydrogels filled with amphiphilic recipients (dispersed peat, humates) and modern plant protection products. We assumed that the introduction of swollen gel structures into the rhizosphere of potatoes will allow us: to optimize the water supply and productivity of potatoes; to protect the fertile layer and potato tubers from the main pathogens; to fix modern plant protection products in the rhizosphere, keeping them from leaching and entering the environment. Preliminary laboratory experiments tested the anti-microbial activity of gel structures, as well as their water retention, dispersity and hydraulic conductivity with subsequent computer modeling of the water exchange and root uptake in the system of “soil-gel-potato”. Field trials were carried out in humid (European Russia) and arid (Uzbekistan) conditions under the atmospheric precipitation and irrigation on different soils and potato varieties with instrumental monitoring of environment, potato growth and quality. All experimental results confirmed the high efficiency of water-accumulative and plant protective synthetic gel structures. Their usage sufficiently (up to 6–15 t/hct) increases the potato yield with 1.3–2 times water saving, complete retention of agrochemicals in the rizosphere, and its actually total protection against major potato pathogens, including late blight (Phytophthora infestans).

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document