scholarly journals Synthetic gel structures in soils for sustainable potato farming

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrey Smagin ◽  
Nadezhda Sadovnikova ◽  
Marina Smagina
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Atmospheric Precipitation ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
New Type ◽  
Potato Growth ◽  
Potato Pathogens ◽  
Different Soils

AbstractAnti-pathogenic protection of potatoes remains one of the most pressing problems of sustainable agronomy and plant protection. For this purpose, we propose to use a new type of synthetic hydrogels filled with amphiphilic recipients (dispersed peat, humates) and modern plant protection products. We assumed that the introduction of swollen gel structures into the rhizosphere of potatoes will allow us: to optimize the water supply and productivity of potatoes; to protect the fertile layer and potato tubers from the main pathogens; to fix modern plant protection products in the rhizosphere, keeping them from leaching and entering the environment. Preliminary laboratory experiments tested the anti-microbial activity of gel structures, as well as their water retention, dispersity and hydraulic conductivity with subsequent computer modeling of the water exchange and root uptake in the system of “soil-gel-potato”. Field trials were carried out in humid (European Russia) and arid (Uzbekistan) conditions under the atmospheric precipitation and irrigation on different soils and potato varieties with instrumental monitoring of environment, potato growth and quality. All experimental results confirmed the high efficiency of water-accumulative and plant protective synthetic gel structures. Their usage sufficiently (up to 6–15 t/hct) increases the potato yield with 1.3–2 times water saving, complete retention of agrochemicals in the rizosphere, and its actually total protection against major potato pathogens, including late blight (Phytophthora infestans).

scholarly journals Potato protection against potato ladybird Henosepilachna vigintioctomaculata Motsch. (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-73
Author(s):  
T. K. Kovalenko ◽  
A. S. Pronyushkina
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Far East ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Threshold Level ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Optimal Time ◽  
Biological Origin ◽  
Potato Plants

The results of the application of environmentally friendly methods of potato pest control are presented. Comparative field trials of insectoacaricides and microbiological preparations were carried out on potatoes of the recognized variety Yantar in the Primorsky Territory in 2018 and 2019. The object of research was the larvae and beetles of the potato ladybird Henosepilachna vigintioctomaculata. The tubers were planted at the optimal time for the region, late April – early May. The study used Fitoverm preparations based on aversectin C (50 g/l), Akarin based on avertin N (2 g/l), Batsikol based on the strain of Bacillus thuringiensis var. darmstadiensis (BtH10), Bitoxybacillin based on the strain of Bacillus thuringiensis var. thuringiensis (BtH1). The preparations were studied independently and with Corado insecticide. Potato plants were sprayed with the preparations once. Pest counts were carried out before treatment and after treatment on the 5th, 10th, 15th day on 10 potato plants in three replications in accordance with the approved methods. Bioinsecticide Fitoverm showed a high efficiency of 90.5–94.0% at the application rate of 0.16 l/ha. A single application of bioinsecticides for 15 days restrained the intensity of the pest development below the threshold level. The combined use of bioinsecticides and an insecticide against the potato ladybird provided a decrease in the phytophage population by 90.8–99.8% compared to the control variant (without the use of plant protection products). The inclusion of preparations of biological origin Fitoverm, Akarin, Batsikol, Bitoxybacillin in potato cultivation technology will allow to limit the number of potato ladybird and solve the problem of plant protection in an environmentallyfriendly way in the south of the Far East.

scholarly journals Efficiency and Persistence of Movento® Treatment against Myzus persicae and the Transmission of Aphid-Borne Viruses

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2747
Author(s):  
Thomas Armand ◽  
Luâna Korn ◽  
Elodie Pichon ◽  
Marlène Souquet ◽  
Mélissandre Barbet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Myzus Persicae ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Viral Transmission ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
The Impact

Neonicotinoids are widely used to protect fields against aphid-borne viral diseases. The recent ban of these chemical compounds in the European Union has strongly impacted rapeseed and sugar beet growing practices. The poor sustainability of other insecticide families and the low efficiency of prophylactic methods to control aphid populations and pathogen introduction strengthen the need to characterize the efficiency of new plant protection products targeting aphids. In this study, the impact of Movento® (Bayer S.A.S., Leverkusen, Germany), a tetrameric acid derivative of spirotetramat, on Myzus persicae and on viral transmission was analyzed under different growing temperatures. The results show (i) the high efficiency of Movento® to protect rapeseed and sugar beet plants against the establishment of aphid colonies, (ii) the impact of temperature on the persistence of the Movento® aphicid properties and (iii) a decrease of approximately 10% of the viral transmission on treated plants. These observations suggest a beneficial effect of Movento® on the sanitary quality of treated crops by directly reducing primary infections and indirectly altering, through aphid mortality, secondary infections on which the spread of disease within field depends. These data constitute important elements for the future development of management strategies to protect crops against aphid-transmitted viruses.

INFLUENCE OF INSECTICIDES ON PRODUCTIVITY IN RAPE CROPS IN AKMOLA REGION

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
М.Н.Сертек,Ш.Ш. Бекенова,А.П.Науанова, З.Ш Сулейменова
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Ordinary Chernozem ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Biological Effectiveness ◽  
Harmful Organisms

According to the results of research on the phytosanitary status of rapeseed on ordinary Chernozem of the forest-steppe zone of the Akmola region, the species composition of pests was determined. Danadim power, Zolone 35% KE, Decis Expert were used against pests of this rapeseed. Indicators of biological effectiveness in the use of insecticides against pests ranged from 78-95%.The article discusses the biological and economic effectiveness of insecticides used against the main pests of rapeseed. Treatment of cruciferous rape beetle, rapeseed sawfly and cruciferous bug with Decis Expert insecticide (0.075 l/ha) showed high efficiency during the growing season. The use of plant protection products against a complex of harmful organisms showed that, depending on the prevailing climatic conditions, the yield increased to 1.3 c/ha, and the maximum - to 1.9 c/ha. Thus, according to the biological effectiveness of insecticides used against pests, the productDecis Expert showed high results in all pests. On the Cruciferous rape beetle it was 85.7%, in the turnip sawfly – 93.5%, in the cruciferous bug – 81.9%.

scholarly journals Inert agricultural spray adjuvants may increase the adverse effects of selected insecticides on honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) under laboratory conditions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Wernecke ◽  
Jakob H. Eckert ◽  
Rolf Forster ◽  
Nils Kurlemann ◽  
Richard Odemer
Keyword(s):  
Honey Bees ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Hazard Ratio ◽  
Proportional Hazard ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard ◽  
Lambda Cyhalothrin ◽  
Test Guideline ◽  
Spray Adjuvants

Abstract Currently, more than 350 spray adjuvants are registered in Germany (January 2021). Unlike plant protection products (PPPs), adjuvants are not subjected to regulatory risk assessment. In practice, numerous combinations of PPPs and adjuvants are therefore possible. Thus, tank mixtures containing insecticides that are classified as nonhazardous to bees and approved for use in bee attractive crops may raise pollinator safety concerns when mixed with efficacy increasing adjuvants. This study analyzes whether selected “PPP-adjuvant” combinations result in increased mortality and pose an elevated risk to honey bees. To answer this question, we chose six common spray adjuvants of different classes for laboratory screening. These were then tested in a total of 30 tank mixtures, each with a neonicotinoid (acetamiprid), pyrethroid (lambda-cyhalothrin), diamide (chlorantraniliprole), carbamate (pirimicarb), and butenolide (flupyradifurone) formulation. We followed OECD test guideline 214 (acute contact test) but adopted the use of a professional spray chamber for more realistic exposures. Our results showed that, in total, 50% of all combinations significantly reduced the lifespan of caged honey bees in comparison to individual application of insecticides. In contrast, none of the adjuvants alone affected bee mortality (Cox proportional hazard model, p > 0.05). With four of the five insecticide formulations, the organosilicone surfactant Break-Thru® S 301 significantly increased bee mortality within 72 h (for all insecticides except chlorantraniliprole). Furthermore, acetamiprid yielded the highest and second-highest mortality increases from a tank mixture with the crop oil surfactants LI-700 (hazard ratio = 28.84, p < 0.05) and Break-Thru® S 301 (hazard ratio = 14.66, p < 0.05), respectively. In the next step, field trials should be performed to provide a more realistic exposure scenario under colony conditions to verify these findings.

Synthesis of positively charged hybrid PHMB-stabilized silver nanoparticles: the search for a new type of active substances used in plant protection products

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
pp. 075018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yurii A Krutyakov ◽  
Alexey A Kudrinsky ◽  
Alexander A Gusev ◽  
Olga V Zakharova ◽  
Alexey I Klimov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
New Type ◽  
Active Substances ◽  
Positively Charged

Modelling environment for an electrical driven selective sprayer robot in orchards

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 848-853 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Linz ◽  
D. Brunner ◽  
J. Fehrmann ◽  
T. Herlitzius ◽  
R. Keicher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
Simulation Environment ◽  
Robotic Platform ◽  
Robot Operating System ◽  
Wall Area ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Modelling Environment

Precise applying of PPP (Plant Protection Products) in orchards and vineyards requires new kinds of sprayer technologies and new methods of sensor data evaluation. In this paper a selective electrical driven sprayer, carried by the autonomous robotic platform elWObot, is introduced. A 3D-Simulation environment and the framework ROS (Robot Operating System) helps developing and testing the interaction between the sprayer and the robot. The calculated leaf wall area (LWA) and the distance from the sprayer to the leaves in the spray region, control the flow-rate and the air-assist of eight adjustable sprayers individually. First field trials showed that the adaption of the software from the simulation to the hardware worked as expected.

scholarly journals The study of the antagonistic and growth-stimulating characteristics of Bacillus subtilis strains, promising for the development of the effective biofungicides

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-272
Author(s):  
A. M. Asaturova ◽  
T. M. Sidorova ◽  
N. S. Tomashevich ◽  
N. A. Zhevnova ◽  
A. I. Khomyak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Liquid Culture ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Water Control

In the period from 2012 to 2015 on Kalym winter wheat variety plants there were carried out field tests of the liquid culture of B. subtilis BZR 336g and BZR 517 strains isolated from natural sources that exhibit antifungal activity against phytopathogenic fungi Fusarium graminearum, F. culmorum, Microdochium nivale and Pyrenophora tritici-repentis, and are also able to have a positive effect on the growth and development of plants. Pre-sowing seed treatment and two preventive treatments during the growing season of the plants were carried out with the liquid culture of the strains. Comparison variants - treatment with water (control), with chemical (Raxil, KS; Alto Super, KS) and with biological (Fitosporin-M, L) standards. Biological efficacy against the complex of fusarium root rots was noted in the shooting stage of winter wheat and during ripening, and in some years reached 22.8 % for B. subtilis BZR 336g strain and 17.2 % for B. subtilis BZR 517 strain. In variants with presowing seed treatment and treatment of vegetative winter wheat plants with B. subtilis BZR 336g strain for three years of field trials the yield was from 5.0 to 7.4 t / ha, and when treated with B. subtilis BZR 517 strain - from 4.2 to 7.6 t / ha. The maximum additional yield was obtained in 2013 - a reliable yield increase was 1.6 t / ha for B. subtilis BZR 336g strain and 0.8 t / ha for B. subtilis BZR 517 strain. The ability of liquid cultures of the studied strains to protect winter wheat against harmful diseases at the same level and above the biological and chemical standards will help to expand the range of microbial biological products in the segment of the Russian market of environmentally friendly plant protection products.

scholarly journals Changes in the pollution of Lodz voivodship rainwater as a result of changes in pollutant immissions

2019 ◽  
pp. 31-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justyna Czerwińska ◽  
Grzegorz Wielgosiński
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Atmospheric Precipitation ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Gaseous Pollutants ◽  
Atmospheric Air ◽  
Sanitary Condition

Increasing urbanization rates, particularly in cities, cause an increase in pollutant emissions into the environment. Immission of pollutants is the amount of particulate or gaseous pollutants that is received by the environment. Natural precipitation, i.e. rainwater, is polluted during the contact with air. As a result of atmospheric precipitation groundwater and soil become polluted. The pollutants also penetrate surface water, causing further contamination. In rainwater that goes to the sewage system, there are pollutants such as hydrocarbons, heavy metals, slurries, plant protection products and many more. This is largely dependent on the type of management of the catchment, its sanitary condition, and the time and intensity of precipitation. Another important factor is the composition of pollutants emitted into the atmospheric air in each area. The work shows changes in the pollution of rainwater in Lodz Voivodship in the years 2010-2016 and presents analysis of the data collected by the Regional Inspectorate for Environmental Protection. The analysis shows that the state of rainwater is steadily deteriorating which is directly related to air quality.

On the possibility of using marine plants of the Azov-Black Sea basin for organic farming

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Vladislav E. Erokhin
Keyword(s):  
Organic Farming ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Far East ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Marine Plants ◽  
The Far East

Review of research on the use of fertilizers, growth promoters and plant protection products. High efficiency of preparations from algae and herbs for organic farming was noted. At the Barents, White Seas and on the Far East work began on the production of preparations and their use in agriculture. In the Azov-Black Sea basin this resource is practically not used. The ways and possible prospects for the use of sea resources are indicated.

Comparing Nozzles with Different Wear Rate and Working with the Same Application Rate of Different Plant Protection Products in Aspect of Plants Condition

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-56
Author(s):  
Stanisław Parafiniuk ◽  
Alaa Kamel Subr ◽  
Marek Milanowski ◽  
Anna Krawczuk
Keyword(s):  
Wear Rate ◽  
Rate Increase ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Flow Rate Increase ◽  
Nozzle Type

AbstractThree different types of nozzles (different wear rate) were used in this study. They are classified depending on the severity of their wear to three groups: new, worn and damaged nozzles. Those nozzles were spraying with the same application rate (303 l/ha) on two-year field trials; this was achieved by changing the spraying pressure for each group of nozzles in order to get the same application rate. This practice is usually done by operators of sprayers, who calibrate the sprayers on the same application rate every year without changing the nozzles, so they tend to reduce the spraying pressure in order to compensate the flow rate increase due to the nozzles yearly wear. Two types of plant growth regulators (PGR) agents were used in this study, namely: Moddus and Kelpak, they were applied to wheat plants field to reduce lodging. The results showed that applying PGR in the year 2015 produced an increase in the wheat yield and reduction in the plant height regardless the nozzle type, although there was not any occurrence of wheat lodging. In the year 2016, the new nozzles produced higher values of wheat yield than other two types of nozzles.

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