scholarly journals The Impact of Executives’ Gender, Financial Incentives, and Shareholder Pressure on Corporate Social and Ecological Investments

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jochen Theis ◽  
Marvin Nipper
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Financial Incentives ◽  
Risk Propensity ◽  
Archival Research ◽  
Female Executives ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Board Representation ◽  
Corporate Social ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Gender Specific

AbstractArchival research suggests that female executives have an impact on corporate decision-making and generally finds positive associations between female board representation and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) performance. However, archival research does not reveal why female executives decide differently in the context of CSR. As this is our starting point, we conduct an experiment and examine executives’ decision-making in terms of CSR investment. While female executives seem to be more oriented towards social and ecological practices, we find strong evidence that participants’ real-world incentive program mainly drives their CSR decision-making. We also examine if selected gender-specific character traits (risk propensity, sustainability attitude, and empathy) cause gender differences in executives’ CSR decision-making. In an exploratory analysis, we furthermore show that executives’ risk propensity affects their CSR decision-making conditional on the level of shareholder pressure they face. Our study contributes to the literature on executives’ decision-making and to the CSR literature by enhancing our understanding of determinants of executives’ CSR decision-making.

scholarly journals Heuristics, biases and traps in managerial decision making

2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (7) ◽  
pp. 2117-2122
Author(s):  
Peter Gál ◽  
Miloš Mrva ◽  
Matej Meško
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Systematic Errors ◽  
Small Samples ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Managerial Decision ◽  
Initial Information ◽  
Representativeness Heuristic ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact

The aim of the paper is to demonstrate the impact of heuristics, biases and psychological traps on the decision making. Heuristics are unconscious routines people use to cope with the complexity inherent in most decision situations. They serve as mental shortcuts that help people to simplify and structure the information encountered in the world. These heuristics could be quite useful in some situations, while in others they can lead to severe and systematic errors, based on significant deviations from the fundamental principles of statistics, probability and sound judgment. This paper focuses on illustrating the existence of the anchoring, availability, and representativeness heuristics, originally described by Tversky & Kahneman in the early 1970’s. The anchoring heuristic is a tendency to focus on the initial information, estimate or perception (even random or irrelevant number) as a starting point. People tend to give disproportionate weight to the initial information they receive. The availability heuristic explains why highly imaginable or vivid information have a disproportionate effect on people’s decisions. The representativeness heuristic causes that people rely on highly specific scenarios, ignore base rates, draw conclusions based on small samples and neglect scope. Mentioned phenomena are illustrated and supported by evidence based on the statistical analysis of the results of a questionnaire.

scholarly journals Activists as “alternative” science communicators — Exploring the facets of science communication in societal contexts

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (06) ◽  
pp. C01
Author(s):  
Birte Faehnrich ◽  
Michelle Riedlinger ◽  
Emma Weitkamp
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Movements ◽  
Science Communication ◽  
Democratic Legitimacy ◽  
Economic Decision ◽  
Economic Decision Making ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Critical Attention ◽  
Understanding Of Science ◽  
The Impact

For many decades, NGOs and social movements have acted as “alternative” science communicators. They have made strategic use of science to promote their ideological stances, to influence political and/or economic decision-making and to motivate civic action. To date, however, our understanding of science communication in activism has received little critical attention. This set of commentaries acts as a starting point for further research and reflection. The different cases and perspectives urge readers to consider the impact, democratic legitimacy, and relevance of alternative science communication, and the challenges that alternative science communicators pose for science communication and society.

Perception of Corporate Social Responsibility by the Employees

2015 ◽  
pp. 51-72
Author(s):  
Zlatko Nedelko ◽  
Vojko Potocan
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Social Responsibility ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
The State ◽  
Economic Outcomes ◽  
Empirical Survey ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Corporate Social ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Insight Into

The main purpose of this chapter is to examine the relationships between three underlying aspects of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), namely economic, environmental, and societal aspects, and the level of CSR, as perceived by the employees. The strength and direction of the impact of a single underlying aspect of CSR, on the level of CSR in organizations, is examined through a sample of 288 employees in Slovenian organizations. Results from the empirical survey suggest that employees' higher concern for environmental and social issues increases the level of organizational CSR, while higher striving for solely economic outcomes lowers the level of organizational CSR. Findings in this chapter provide insight into the state of CSR in organizations as perceived by the employees, providing an important starting point for definition or re-thinking of strategies in relation to CSR, and as a starting point for other actions as well, like changes in academia.

scholarly journals Does Gender Diversity on Board Promote Corporate Social Responsibility? An Empirical Analysis of Sustainable Development Goals

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 22-40
Author(s):  
Amit Kumar Singh ◽  
Hima Bindu Kota ◽  
Varda Sardana ◽  
Shubham Singhania
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Corporate Social Responsibility ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Strategic Decision ◽  
Women Directors ◽  
Gender Diverse ◽  
Board Capital ◽  
Corporate Social ◽  
The Impact

Recent regulatory changes in India require the firms to improve the appointment of female directors on corporate boards, and it is believed that such a regulation would prove to be a boon in terms of strategic decision making. The Board Capital Theory advocates that the appointment of women directors on board shall enhance various dimensions of the board capital breadth and help in better decision making. With growing consciousness for sustainable practices throughout the globe, it is pertinent to see whether the gender diverse boards can promote corporate social responsibility and create a business case for their upsurge, as it would give room for policy implications. This study investigates the impact of gender diverse boards on promoting corporate social responsibility, using multivariate regression with a sample of NIFTY 50 Index for the period 2014-2019. The study found insignificant positive relation among gender-diverse boards and sustainability. To check for the robustness of the study, we have used two diversity indices, Blau & Shannon index, to supplement our results.

The Spanish and the European Codification of the Business Judgment Rule

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Hernando Cebriá
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Common Law ◽  
Comparative Law ◽  
Common Reference ◽  
Business Judgment Rule ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Specific Section

Different Model Acts and national approaches to the Business Judgment Rule, some by means of its codification, others through the requirements to be considered when delimiting the directors’ responsibilities, have tried to give a better orientation to the positions assumed by directors when they have to deal with business affairs on behalf of the company. Even in cases where there is not a specific section in internal law, the Business Judgment Rule is a common reference in many jurisdictions when the circumstances and elements of directors’ decision-making are considered. In Spain, Law 31/2014, of December 3, to improve corporate governance, has codified the “protección de la discrecionalidad empresarial” in Article 226 of Ley de Sociedades de Capital, assuming the developments of the Business Judgment Rule in other jurisdictions. However, international principles and Model Acts, and other European jurisdictions, such as Germany, do not face codification of the Rule in the same way, and even consider differently requirements for its application. This paper discusses, through the approaches in Comparative law, particularly in other areas where the Business Judgment Rule has a greater tradition, the impact that the codification of the “protección de la discrecionalidad empresarial” may have in Spanish corporate governance. To this end, the paper focuses on the scope of this singular protection on directors’ discretion, as well as on the requirements for its application, which shall serve at last to provide judges with a useful tool to decide on business matters where directors’ responsibility is involved. Comparison with Common Law and more recently with other European approaches is a starting point to critically check whether Spanish systematization avails of the dynamics of the Rule in order to improve and properly coordinate the whole system of corporate governance.

scholarly journals How Content Volume on Landing Pages Influences Consumer ‎‎Behavior: Empirical Evidence

10.28945/4016 ◽  
2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Consumer Behavior ◽  
Content Volume ◽  
The Body ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Conversion Rates ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Online Decision Making ◽  
The Impact

Aim/Purpose: This paper describes an empirical investigation on how consumer behavior is influenced by the volume of content on a commercial landing page -- a stand-alone web page designed to collect user data (in this case the user’s e-mail address), a behavior called “conversion.” Background: Content is a term commonly used to describe the information made available by a website or other electronic medium. A pertinent debate among scholars and practitioners relate to information volume and consumer behavior: do more details elicit engagement and compliance, operationalized through conversions, or the other way around? Methodology: A pilot study (n= 535) was conducted in ‎real-world commercial setting, followed by a series of large-scale online experiments (n= 27,083). Both studies employed a between-group design: Two variations of landing pages, long and short, were created based on various behavioral theories. User traffic to the pages was generated using online advertising and randomized between the pages (A/B testing). Contribution: This research contributes to the body of knowledge on the antecedents and outcomes of online commercial interaction, focusing on content as a determinant of consumer decision-making and behavior. Findings: The observed results indicate a negative correlation between content volume and users’ conversions. The shorter pages had significantly higher conversion rates, across locations and time. Findings suggest that content play a significant role in online decision making. They also contradict prior research on trust, persuasion, and security. Recommendations for Practitioners: At a practical level, results can inform practitioners on the importance of content in online commerce. They provide an empirical support to design and content strategy considerations, specifically the use of elaboration in commercial web pages. Recommendation for Researchers: At the theoretical level, this research advances the body of knowledge on the paradoxical relationship between the increased level of information and online decision-making and indicates that contrary to earlier work, not all persuasion theories‎ are ‎effective online. Impact on Society: Understanding how information drive behavior has implications in many domains (civic engagement, health, education and more). This has relevance to system design and public communication in both online and offline contexts, suggesting social value. Future Research: ‎Using this research as a starting point, future research can examine the impact of content in other contexts, as well as other behavioral drivers (such as demographic data). This can lead to theoretical, methodological and practical recommendations.

Perception of Corporate Social Responsibility by the Employees

2019 ◽  
pp. 1442-1465
Author(s):  
Zlatko Nedelko ◽  
Vojko Potocan
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Social Responsibility ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
The State ◽  
Economic Outcomes ◽  
Empirical Survey ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Corporate Social ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Insight Into

The main purpose of this chapter is to examine the relationships between three underlying aspects of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), namely economic, environmental, and societal aspects, and the level of CSR, as perceived by the employees. The strength and direction of the impact of a single underlying aspect of CSR, on the level of CSR in organizations, is examined through a sample of 288 employees in Slovenian organizations. Results from the empirical survey suggest that employees' higher concern for environmental and social issues increases the level of organizational CSR, while higher striving for solely economic outcomes lowers the level of organizational CSR. Findings in this chapter provide insight into the state of CSR in organizations as perceived by the employees, providing an important starting point for definition or re-thinking of strategies in relation to CSR, and as a starting point for other actions as well, like changes in academia.

Psycho-attitudinal features: a study of female entrepreneurs in Saudi Arabia

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 459-480
Author(s):  
Maram Saeed Sabri ◽  
Keith Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Risk Propensity ◽  
Entrepreneurial Process ◽  
Female Entrepreneurs ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Big Five Model ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Gender Specific

Purpose This paper aims to investigate psycho-attitudinal features in female entrepreneurs participating in micro, small and medium-sized enterprises in Saudi Arabia, using the Big Five model of personality traits and risk propensity. These attitudes, further grouped into three broad categories, namely, fixed, moderate and growth-oriented mindsets, are used to illustrate the collective impact of attitude over the entrepreneurial process. Design/methodology/approach The study is a quantitative study, using a survey to registered business owners and entrepreneurs operating in micro, small and medium businesses in Riyadh, Makkah and Eastern Province, three major administration areas of Saudi Arabia. Survey distribution was through the Chamber of Commerce located in each city. In total, 701 questionnaires were collected with 232 completed responses suitable for use in the study’s empirical findings. The overall response rate was 33 per cent. Findings The paper provides practical insights into gender-specific attitudes, including reported variance over the entrepreneurial process. It shows that attitude is an equally predominant feature for both genders through all business stages, with female entrepreneurs reporting a slightly higher growth-oriented attitude relative to their male counterparts. Overall, significant differences were noted between gender and business stages for five of the six-attitudinal growth subscales. From a policy perspective, noting the country’s plan for economic reform and desire for greater participation by women, there are important questions that arise concerning the impact of incentive devices and policy measures. Research limitations/implications The main limitation of this study is in the number of women participants, which was small. As participation rates for women rise, there is a good opportunity for future analysis to extend this current study’s findings. Practical implications The research uses the Big Five model and risk propensity to explore the important role of attitude in female entrepreneurs. Noting the moderating influence of factors in the macro-environment and the pervasive impact of social norms on women, this study flags some implications for government and policymakers in formulating supportive policies to enable greater uptake by women entrepreneurs with growth-oriented mindsets. Originality/value This paper contributes to the literature on the role of gender-specific attitudes through the business stages. This paper presents original research on the attitudes of women in the context of Arabic society.

scholarly journals How Does Reciprocity Affect Undergraduate Student Orientation towards Stakeholders?

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (21) ◽  
pp. 5987 ◽  
Author(s):  
José-Luis Godos-Díez ◽  
Roberto Fernández-Gago ◽  
Laura Cabeza-García
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Social Preferences ◽  
Stakeholder Management ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Exploratory Research ◽  
Student Orientation ◽  
Individual Traits ◽  
Corporate Social ◽  
The Impact

Nowadays, students are more aware of the impact of companies on their stakeholders and the need for properly handling their expectations to operationalize corporate social responsibility. Nevertheless, little is known about how certain individual traits may relate to their stance on the issue. This exploratory research contributes to stakeholder theory by analysing the effect of the individual’s decision-making process, including the consideration of their social preferences, on their orientation toward stakeholder management. Here, we draw upon a theoretical model for resource-allocation decision-making consisting of reciprocal and non-reciprocal components. Our data, from undergraduate students enrolled in different degrees, were collected through a questionnaire and two social within-subject experiments (ultimatum and dictator games). Thus, our results show that the presence of a reciprocal component when decisions are made is positively linked to an instrumental orientation toward stakeholders. In addition, a greater non-reciprocal component in the decision-making process corresponds to a more normative orientation.

Risk Decision-Making System in Manufacture Enterprise Management

2013 ◽  
Vol 694-697 ◽  
pp. 3592-3595
Author(s):  
Yi Lin Chen
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Risk Perception ◽  
Enterprise Management ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Risk Propensity ◽  
Decision Making System ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Level Of Risk ◽  
Risk Decision

Risk has always been at the core of entrepreneurs daily decision-making, but factors will influence individuals decision-making. In this study, we investigated risk decision-making and cognition process of venture experts and novices under a given venture contexts. The purpose of the experiment is to investigate the difference of risk perception, risk propensity among venture experts, novice and college students, and to investigate the impact of these factors to individual risk decision-making. The result shows that, for the level of risk perception, there are prominent differences in experts and novices, but for the level of risk propensity, there is no prominent difference in experts and novices. It could be concluded that it is the risk perception influence individual risk decision-making but not the risk propensity.

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