scholarly journals Antibacterial activity of geraniin from sugar maple leaves: an ultrastructural study with the phytopathogen Xanthomonas campestris pv. vitians

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxime Delisle-Houde ◽  
Martine Blais ◽  
Russell J. Tweddell ◽  
Danny Rioux
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Ultrastructural Study ◽  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Maple Leaves

scholarly journals Evaluating the Antibacterial Activity and Mode of Action of Thymol-Loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles Against Plant Bacterial Pathogen Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarangapani Sreelatha ◽  
Nadimuthu Kumar ◽  
Tan Si Yin ◽  
Sarojam Rajani
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Membrane Damage ◽  
Chitosan Nanoparticles ◽  
Bacterial Pathogen ◽  
Electron Microscopy Analysis ◽  
Rot Disease ◽  
The Impact

The bacterium Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) causes black rot disease in cruciferous crops, resulting in severe yield loss worldwide. The excessive use of chemical pesticides in agriculture to control diseases has raised significant concern about the impact on the environment and human health. Nanoparticles have recently gained significant attention in agriculture owing to their promising application in plant disease control, increasing soil fertility and nutrient availability. In the current study, we synthesized thymol-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (TCNPs) and assessed their antibacterial activity against Xcc. The synthesis of TCNPs was confirmed by using ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed the functional groups, size, and shape of TCNPs, with sizes ranging from 54 to 250 nm, respectively. The antibacterial activity of TCNPs against Xcc was investigated in vitro by liquid broth, cell viability, and live dead staining assay, and all of them demonstrated the antibacterial activity of TCNPs. Furthermore, TCNPs were found to directly inhibit the growth of Xcc by suppressing the growth of biofilm formation and the production of exopolysaccharides and xanthomonadin. The ultrastructure studies revealed membrane damage in TCNP-treated Xcc cells, causing a release of intracellular contents. Headspace/gas chromatography (GC)–mass spectrometry (MS) analysis showed changes in the volatile profile of Xcc cells treated with TCNPs. Increased amounts of carbonyl components (mainly ketones) and production of new volatile metabolites were observed in Xcc cells incubated with TCNPs. Overall, this study reveals TCNPs as a promising antibacterial candidate against Xcc.

Contribution of anthocyanins to the antioxidant capacity of juvenile and senescing sugar maple (Acer saccharum) leaves

2007 ◽  
Vol 34 (8) ◽  
pp. 714 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abby K. van den Berg ◽  
Timothy D. Perkins
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Acer Saccharum ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Additional Source ◽  
Stable Free Radical ◽  
Maple Leaves

Foliar anthocyanins are hypothesised to provide an additional source of photoprotection from photooxidative stress to the leaves in which they occur through their ability to scavenge excess free radical species. Although demonstrated to significantly enhance the antioxidant status of red morphs of fully expanded leaves of some species, the contribution of anthocyanins to the antioxidant capacity of the juvenile and senescing leaves in which they frequently occur has not been examined. Antioxidant activity of extracts from anthocyanic and non-anthocyanic juvenile and senescing sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) leaves from similar light environments was assessed using the stable free radical 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH). Anthocyanin content was significantly correlated with antioxidant activity in extracts of anthocyanic juvenile leaves but only weakly correlated in extracts of anthocyanic senescing leaves. In addition, the antioxidant activity of anthocyanic and non-anthocyanic leaves was equal in both juvenile and senescing leaves. Thus, although anthocyanins may contribute to the antioxidant capacity of anthocyanic juvenile and senescing sugar maple leaves, these results are not consistent with the hypothesis that anthocyanins provide an enhancement to the photoprotection available in either leaf type through free radical scavenging. The results suggest anthocyanins may be part of alternative strategies employed by anthocyanic juvenile and senescing maple leaves to achieve similar levels of antioxidant capacity as their non-anthocyanic counterparts to cope with the same set of environmental challenges.

Identification of Thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) Feeding Sites on Sugar Maple Leaves

1991 ◽  
Vol 84 (6) ◽  
pp. 1771-1773 ◽  
Author(s):  
Durland L. Shumway ◽  
David A. J. Teulon ◽  
Thomas E. Kolb
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Feeding Sites ◽  
Maple Leaves

scholarly journals The Iturin-like Lipopeptides Are Essential Components in the Biological Control Arsenal of Bacillus subtilis Against Bacterial Diseases of Cucurbits

2011 ◽  
Vol 24 (12) ◽  
pp. 1540-1552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Houda Zeriouh ◽  
Diego Romero ◽  
Laura García-Gutiérrez ◽  
Francisco M. Cazorla ◽  
Antonio de Vicente ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Soft Rot ◽  
Bacterial Diseases ◽  
Chromatography Analysis ◽  
Essential Components ◽  
Bacillus Spp

The antibacterial potential of four strains of Bacillus subtilis, UMAF6614, UMAF6619, UMAF6639, and UMAF8561, previously selected on the basis of their antifungal activity and efficacy against cucurbit powdery mildew, was examined. Among these strains, UMAF6614 and UMAF6639 showed the highest antibacterial activity in vitro, especially against Xanthomonas campestris pv. cucurbitae and Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum. These strains produced the three families of lipopeptide antibiotics known in Bacillus spp.: surfactins, iturins, and fengycins. Using thin-layer chromatography analysis and direct bioautography, the antibacterial activity could be associated with iturin lipopeptides. This result was confirmed by mutagenesis analysis using lipopeptide-defective mutants. The antibacterial activity was practically abolished in iturin-deficient mutants, whereas the fengycin mutants retained certain inhibitory capabilities. Analyses by fluorescence and transmission electron microscopy revealed the cytotoxic effect of these compounds at the bacterial plasma membrane level. Finally, biological control assays on detached melon leaves demonstrated the ability of UMAF6614 and UMAF6639 to suppress bacterial leaf spot and soft rot; accordingly, the biocontrol activity was practically abolished in mutants deficient in iturin biosynthesis. Taken together, our results highlight the potential of these B. subtilis strains as biocontrol agents against fungal and bacterial diseases of cucurbits and the versatility of iturins as antifungal and antibacterial compounds.

scholarly journals Characterization and Antimicrobial Activity of Erbium(III) Complexes of C-3 Substituted 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthalenedione-1-oxime Derivatives

2001 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 159-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. B. Jagtap ◽  
N. N. Patil ◽  
B. P. Kapadnis ◽  
B. A. Kulkarni
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Magnetic Susceptibility ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Oxime Derivatives

Erbium(III) complexes of 2-hydroxy-l,4-naphthalenedione-1-oxime and its C-3 substituted derivatives are synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, infrared spectroscopy, magnetic susceptibility measurements 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthalenedione-1-oxime derivatives are analysed using H1 and C13 NMR spectroscopy. The molecular composition of the synthesized complexes is found to be [ML3(H2O)2]. The antimicrobial activity of these complexes is determined by well diffusion method against the target microorganisms- Staphylococcus aureus, Xanthomonas campestris, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger. The antimicrobial activities of 2- hydroxy-1,4-naphthalenedione-1-oximes and their complexes are compared. It is observed that 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthalenedione-l-oximes exhibit higher antifungal activity as compared to antibacterial activity. These activities are reduced upon complexation of these oximes with Erbium.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Activity of Cissus quadrangularis Stem Extract on the Pathogenic and Industrial Waste Watered Bacteria

2020 ◽  
pp. 28-38
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Disc Diffusion Method ◽  
Cissus Quadrangularis

Cissus quadrangularis (Vitaceae) is a popular climber conspicuous by its flesh quadrangular stem widespread throughout Bangladesh. The in vitro antimicrobial activity of C. quadrangularis extracts was studied against selected pathogenic bacteria, industrial wasted bacteria, and broth dilution assay. The most commonly used method of microbiological assay is the disc diffusion method. C. quadrangularis stem extracted with four solvents (Petroleum spirit, methanol, ethyl acetate, and dichloromethane) were tested for antimicrobial activities against some pathogenic microorganisms Sarcina lutea (002-1), Xanthomonas campestris (004-1), Escherichia coli (005-1), Klebsiella pneumonia (006-1) and some industrial (Tannery, Tobacco, and Sugar mill) waste watered bacteria by disc diffusion method. Among the four extracts, ethyl acetate showed moderate antibacterial activity against X. campestris (004-1) and industrial watered bacteria. But, the commercial disc Oxicycline doesn’t show any antibacterial activity against the industrial waste watered bacteria. Petroleum spirit, methanol, and dichloromethane extract were ineffective against all of the tested bacteria.

scholarly journals Antioxidant and Antibacterial Capacities of Origanum vulgare L. Essential Oil from the Arid Andean Region of Chile and its Chemical Characterization by GC-MS

Metabolites ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario J. Simirgiotis ◽  
Daniel Burton ◽  
Felipe Parra ◽  
Jéssica López ◽  
Patricio Muñoz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Origanum Vulgare ◽  
Andean Region ◽  
Oregano Oil

This study aimed to characterize the in vitro antioxidant and antibacterial properties of oregano (Origanum vulgare) essential oil, as well as its chemical composition. To our best knowledge, there are few studies on oregano grown in the arid Andes region, but none on the metabolites produced and their bioactivity. This work identified fifty metabolites by Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS)—monoterpene hydrocarbons, oxygenated monoterpenes, phenolic monoterpenes, sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, and oxygenated sesquiterpenes—present in the essential oil of oregano collected in the Atacama Desert. The main components of essential oregano oil were thymol (15.9%), Z-sabinene hydrate (13.4%), γ-terpinene (10.6%), p-cymene (8.6%), linalyl acetate (7.2%), sabinene (6.5%), and carvacrol methyl ether (5.6%). The antibacterial tests showed that the pathogenic bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella enterica and the phytopathogenic bacteria Erwinia rhapontici and Xanthomonas campestris were the most susceptible to oregano oil, with the lowest concentrations of oil necessary to inhibit their bacterial growth. Moreover, oregano oil showed antibacterial activity against bacteria associated with food poisoning. In conclusion, O. vulgare from the arid Andean region possesses an important antibacterial activity with a high potential in the food industry and agriculture.

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