scholarly journals Potential Interactions of Remdesivir with Pulmonary Drugs: a Covid-19 Perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (10) ◽  
pp. 1707-1708 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zainab Gandhi ◽  
Zeeshan Mansuri ◽  
Snehal Bansod
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Drugs ◽  
Potential Interactions

Current Understanding of Interactions between Nanoparticles and ABC Transporters in Cancer Cells

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (42) ◽  
pp. 5930-5944 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Yin ◽  
Xudong Deng ◽  
Jie Zhang ◽  
Jun Lin
Keyword(s):  
Abc Transporters ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Major Elements ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Potential Toxicity ◽  
Central Nervous System Disorders ◽  
Extensive Search ◽  
Potential Interactions ◽  
Effective Cancer Therapy

Background: ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters-mediated multidrug resistance (MDR) remains the major obstacle for effective cancer therapy. Nanoparticles (NPs)-based delivery systems are promising to overcome MDR, but only a few of them have been accepted for clinical treatment, which should be due to their insufficient transportation and potential toxicity. In this respect, more and more attentions are being attracted on the interactions between NPs and ABC transporters, which hold a key role in the treatment of MDR cancer and the toxicity of NPs. However, there are no systematic reviews about such interactions, especially about their corresponding mechanism. Methods: We undertook extensive search of PubMed databases for peer-reviewed literatures using focused review questions. The retrieved papers were mostly published within the 5 years (84 of 104) and all with an impact factor above 2. First, this review focused on the current knowledge of ABC transporters involved in MDR and their inhibitors. Then, we reviewed the most recent literature about the inhibitory effects of organic NPs’ excipients on ABC transporters and the direct interactions of inorganic NPs with ABC transporters. The major elements of obtained papers were described and classified depending on the structure of NPs. Results: Both organic and inorganic NPs can inhibit the function of ABC transporters, but based on different mechanisms. The effects of organic NPs are caused by several excipients like surfactants, polymers, lipids and cyclodextrin. Meanwhile, inorganic NPs usually act as the substrates of ABC transporters and competitively inhibit the efflux of drugs. These phenomena are interesting and worth investigating. Conclusion: The finding of this review confirmed the potential interactions between NPs and ABC transporters. These phenomena are interesting and worth investigating, and a knowledge of related mechanism would not only be important for the clinical therapies toward overcoming cancer MDR, but also help the treatment of other diseases like tuberculosis, AIDS, and central nervous system disorders, whose drugresistance was also related to ABC transporter-mediated efflux.

scholarly journals Changes in Multimorbidity and Polypharmacy Patterns in Young and Adult Population over a 4-Year Period: A 2011–2015 Comparison Using Real-World Data

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 4422
Author(s):  
Sara Mucherino ◽  
Antonio Gimeno-Miguel ◽  
Jonas Carmona-Pirez ◽  
Francisca Gonzalez-Rubio ◽  
Ignatios Ioakeim-Skoufa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adult Population ◽  
Real World Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Public ◽  
Clinical Complexity ◽  
Care Models ◽  
Specific Care ◽  
Multimorbid Patients ◽  
Potential Interactions ◽  
Negative Health Outcomes

The pressing problem of multimorbidity and polypharmacy is aggravated by the lack of specific care models for this population. We aimed to investigate the evolution of multimorbidity and polypharmacy patterns in a given population over a 4-year period (2011–2015). A cross-sectional, observational study among the EpiChron Cohort, including anonymized demographic, clinical and drug dispensation information of all users of the public health system ≥65 years in Aragon (Spain), was performed. An exploratory factor analysis, stratified by age and sex, using an open cohort was carried out based on the tetra-choric correlations among chronic diseases and dispensed drugs during 2011 and compared with 2015. Seven baseline patterns were identified during 2011 named as: mental health, respiratory, allergic, mechanical pain, cardiometabolic, osteometabolic, and allergic/derma. Of the epidemiological patterns identified in 2015, six were already present in 2011 but a new allergic/derma one appeared. Patterns identified in 2011 were more complex in terms of both disease and drugs. Results confirmed the existing association between age and clinical complexity. The systematic associations between diseases and drugs remain similar regarding their clinical nature over time, helping in early identification of potential interactions in multimorbid patients with a high risk of negative health outcomes due to polypharmacy.

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 does not have a strong effect on the nasopharyngeal microbial composition

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tzipi Braun ◽  
Shiraz Halevi ◽  
Rotem Hadar ◽  
Gilate Efroni ◽  
Efrat Glick Saar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Microbiology ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Swab ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
16S Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
The World ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Longitudinal Sampling ◽  
Potential Interactions

AbstractThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has rapidly spread around the world, impacting the lives of many individuals. Growing evidence suggests that the nasopharyngeal and respiratory tract microbiome are influenced by various health and disease conditions, including the presence and the severity of different viral disease. To evaluate the potential interactions between Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the nasopharyngeal microbiome. Microbial composition of nasopharyngeal swab samples submitted to the clinical microbiology lab for suspected SARS-CoV-2 infections was assessed using 16S amplicon sequencing. The study included a total of 55 nasopharyngeal samples from 33 subjects, with longitudinal sampling available for 12 out of the 33 subjects. 21 of the 33 subjects had at least one positive COVID-19 PCR results as determined by the clinical microbiology lab. Inter-personal variation was the strongest factor explaining > 75% of the microbial variation, irrespective of the SARS-CoV-2 status. No significant effect of SARS-CoV-2 on the nasopharyngeal microbial community was observed using multiple analysis methods. These results indicate that unlike some other viruses, for which an effect on the microbial composition was noted, SARS-CoV-2 does not have a strong effect on the nasopharynx microbial habitants.

scholarly journals The synergistic effect of Canady Helios cold atmospheric plasma and a FOLFIRINOX regimen for the treatment of cholangiocarcinoma in vitro

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivia Jones ◽  
Xiaoqian Cheng ◽  
Saravana R. K. Murthy ◽  
Lawan Ly ◽  
Taisen Zhuang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Viability ◽  
Chemotherapy Regimen ◽  
Synergetic Effect ◽  
Atmospheric Plasma ◽  
High Recurrence Rate ◽  
Cold Atmospheric Plasma ◽  
Tract Cancer ◽  
Anticancer Properties ◽  
Potential Interactions

AbstractCholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a rare biliary tract cancer with a low five-year survival rate and high recurrence rate after surgical resection. Currently treatment approaches include systemic chemotherapeutics such as FOLFIRINOX, a chemotherapy regimen is a possible treatment for severe CCA cases. A limitation of this chemotherapy regimen is its toxicity to patients and adverse events. There exists a need for therapies to alleviate the toxicity of a FOLFIRINOX regimen while enhancing or not altering its anticancer properties. Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) is a technology with a promising future as a selective cancer treatment. It is critical to know the potential interactions between CAP and adjuvant chemotherapeutics. In this study the aim is to characterize the efficacy of FOLFIRINOX and CAP in combination to understand potential synergetic effect on CCA cells. FOLFIRINOX treatment alone at the highest dose tested (53.8 µM fluorouracil, 13.7 µM Leucovorin, 5.1 µM Irinotecan, and 3.7 µM Oxaliplatin) reduced CCA cell viability to below 20% while CAP treatment alone for 7 min reduced viability to 3% (p < 0.05). An analysis of cell viability, proliferation, and cell cycle demonstrated that CAP in combination with FOLFIRINOX is more effective than either treatment alone at a lower FOLFIRINOX dose of 6.7 µM fluorouracil, 1.7 µM leucovorin, 0.6 µM irinotecan, and 0.5 µM oxaliplatin and a shorter CAP treatment of 1, 3, or 5 min. In conclusion, CAP has the potential to reduce the toxicity burden of FOLFIRINOX and warrants further investigation as an adjuvant therapy.

scholarly journals Sulbactam pivoxil powder attributes and compatibility study with excipients

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Loreana C. Gallo ◽  
Noelia L. Gonzalez Vidal ◽  
Fabio F. Ferreira ◽  
María V. Ramírez-Rigo
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Analyses ◽  
Oral Route ◽  
Endothermic Peak ◽  
Compatibility Study ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Thermogravimetric Curve ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Potential Interactions ◽  
Lactamase Inhibitor

Abstract Background Sulbactam pivoxil is an irreversible β-lactamase inhibitor that can be used with β-lactam antibiotics to improve antibacterial therapy by the oral route. Relevant properties of this drug for pharmaceutical manufacturing are not available in the open literature. In this work, a solid-state characterization of sulbactam pivoxil at the molecular, particle, and bulk levels was performed. Results Particles exhibited a mean diameter of about 350 μm, irregular shape crystals, and good flow properties. This work presents for the first time the crystal structure of this β-lactamase inhibitor obtained by X-ray diffraction analysis. Fourier-transform infrared results showed the characteristic bands of aliphatic hydrocarbons and ester groups. The differential scanning calorimetry curve exhibited a sharp endothermic peak at 109 °C corresponding to sulbactam pivoxil melting. The thermogravimetric curve revealed a mass loss at 184 °C associated with a decomposition process. This powder showed a moisture content of 0.34% and a water activity of 0.463. Potential interactions between sulbactam pivoxil and common pharmaceutical excipients were evaluated by thermal analysis. The endothermic peak and the enthalpies of melting were preserved in almost all the analyzed mixtures. Conclusion The powder was constituted by micro-sized crystals of sulbactam pivoxil that had suitable physicochemical properties for processing in controlled humidity environments. Thermal analyses suggested that sulbactam pivoxil is compatible with most of the evaluated excipients. The information obtained in the present study is relevant for the development, manufacturing, and storage of formulations that include sulbactam pivoxil.

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