scholarly journals Post-processing of biochars to enhance plant growth responses: a review and meta-analysis

Biochar ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean C. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Environmental Restoration ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Post Processing ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
System Productivity ◽  
Post Production

AbstractA number of processes for post-production treatment of “raw” biochars, including leaching, aeration, grinding or sieving to reduce particle size, and chemical or steam activation, have been suggested as means to enhance biochar effectiveness in agriculture, forestry, and environmental restoration. Here, I review studies on post-production processing methods and their effects on biochar physio-chemical properties and present a meta-analysis of plant growth and yield responses to post-processed vs. “raw” biochars. Data from 23 studies provide a total of 112 comparisons of responses to processed vs. unprocessed biochars, and 103 comparisons allowing assessment of effects relative to biochar particle size; additional 8 published studies involving 32 comparisons provide data on effects of biochar leachates. Overall, post-processed biochars resulted in significantly increased average plant growth responses 14% above those observed with unprocessed biochar. This overall effect was driven by plant growth responses to reduced biochar particle size, and heating/aeration treatments. The assessment of biochar effects by particle size indicates a peak at a particle size of 0.5–1.0 mm. Biochar leachate treatments showed very high heterogeneity among studies and no average growth benefit. I conclude that physiochemical post-processing of biochar offers substantial additional agronomic benefits compared to the use of unprocessed biochar. Further research on post-production treatments effects will be important for biochar utilization to maximize benefits to carbon sequestration and system productivity in agriculture, forestry, and environmental restoration.

scholarly journals A Meta-Analytical Approach on Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Inoculation Efficiency on Plant Growth and Nutrient Uptake

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 370
Author(s):  
Murugesan Chandrasekaran
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Mycorrhizal Plants

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are obligate symbionts of higher plants which increase the growth and nutrient uptake of host plants. The primary objective was initiated based on analyzing the enormity of optimal effects upon AMF inoculation in a comparative bias between mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal plants stipulated on plant biomass and nutrient uptake. Consequently, in accomplishing the above-mentioned objective a vast literature was collected, analyzed, and evaluated to establish a weighted meta-analysis irrespective of AMF species, plant species, family and functional group, and experimental conditions in the context of beneficial effects of AMF. I found a significant increase in the shoot, root, and total biomass by 36.3%, 28.5%, and, 29.7%, respectively. Moreover, mycorrhizal plants significantly increased phosphorus, nitrogen, and potassium uptake by 36.3%, 22.1%, and 18.5%, respectively. Affirmatively upon cross-verification studies, plant growth parameters intensification was accredited to AMF (Rhizophagus fasciculatus followed by Funniliforme mosseae), plants (Triticum aestivum followed by Solanum lycopersicum), and plant functional groups (dicot, herbs, and perennial) were the additional vital important significant predictor variables of plant growth responses. Therefore, the meta-analysis concluded that the emancipated prominent root characteristics, increased morphological traits that eventually help the host plants for efficient phosphorus uptake, thereby enhancing plant biomass. The present analysis can be rationalized for any plant stress and assessment of any microbial agent that contributes to plant growth promotion.

Influence of increasing soil phosphorus levels on interactions between vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizae and Rhizobium in soybeans

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (20) ◽  
pp. 2200-2205 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Asimi ◽  
V. Gianinazzi-Pearson ◽  
S. Gianinazzi
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizae ◽  
Nitrogenase Activity ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Growth Stimulation ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Nodule Formation ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular ◽  
Phosphate Fertilization

Growth and yield increases, obtained in nodulated soybeans growing in unamended sterile soil by inoculation with the vesicular–arbuscular (VA) mycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseae, were accompanied by improved P uptake, lower root to shoot ratios, better nodulation with higher nitrogenase activity, and modifications in the pattern of the latter during plant growth. Stimulation of nitrogenase activity occurred early in plant development and preceded plant growth responses by about 2 weeks. Phosphate fertilization increased yield, percent P but not percent N of both mycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal soybeans, and also modified the pattern and amount of nitrogenase activity during plant growth. Additions of 0.25 g KH2PO4/kg to the soil eliminated the mycorrhizal effect on plant growth, but nodule formation and nitrogenase activity were still significantly stimulated by the mycorrhizal infection. Mycorrhizal effects on nodulation were eliminated with 0.5 g KH2PO4 and on nitrogenase activity with the addition of 1.0 g KH2PO4. These higher levels of phosphate fertilization considerably diminished infection and, in particular, fungal spread within the roots.

scholarly journals Physiological and growth responses of two wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties inoculated with a new strain of Bacillus siamensis under Cadmium (Cd) stress

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imran Khan ◽  
Huang Linkai ◽  
Samrah Afzal Awan ◽  
Abd ur Rehman ◽  
Muhammad Ali Raza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Membrane Damage ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Photosynthetic Parameters ◽  
World Population ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Cd Stress

Abstract Bioavailability of cadmium (Cd) metal in the soils due to scarcity of good quality water and industrial waste could be the major limiting factors negatively influencing the growth and yield of crops needs prompt solution to fulfil the requirement of food for increasing world population. In the recent time, variable range of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are being used on large scale in agriculture to reduce the risk of abiotic stresses on plants and increase crop productivity. Among them, the Bacillus siamensis has a huge potential to enhance the plant tolerance against abiotic stress but limited evidences are reported about the putative role of B.s in crop plants under heavy metal stress. The current study was aimed to investigate the potential of a new metal tolerant strain of B.s on two wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties (NARC-2009 and NARC-2011) grown in Cd contaminated soil at different treatments i.e Cd (0, 20, 30 and 50 ppm) and Cd (0, 20, 30 and 50 ppm) + B.s. Our results depicted that Cd stress decreased the wheat growth related attributes, biomass, and photosynthetic parameters (Chlorophyll a, b and a + b) which increased in both wheat varieties upon inoculation with B.s. Moreover, Cd stress caused significant membrane damage and negatively affected the water content, water potential, and osmotic potential of leaf. However, PGPR considerably increased the soluble sugars to reduce the Cd toxicity. Overall, the plants inoculated with B.s enhanced their tolerance index of root and shoot and found better in NARC-2009 than NARC-2011. Therefore, microorganisms efficiently increase the plant growth by reducing the metal toxicity.

Plant growth responses to soil-applied hydrothermally-carbonised waste amendments: a meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry Luutu ◽  
Michael T. Rose ◽  
Shane McIntosh ◽  
Lukas Van Zwieten ◽  
Terry Rose
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Growth Responses

scholarly journals Higher response of terrestrial plant growth to ammonium than nitrate addition

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liming Yan ◽  
Xiaoni Xu ◽  
Jianyang Xia
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
N Deposition ◽  
N Addition ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Terrestrial Plants ◽  
Atmospheric N Deposition ◽  
Terrestrial Plant

Abstract. Terrestrial plant growth and ecosystem productivity are strongly limited by availability of nitrogen (N). Atmospheric deposition of wet N as nitrate and ammonium has been rapidly increased since the industrial revolution, associated with a high spatial variation of changes in the ammonium- to nitrate-N ratio (i.e., NH4+-N / NO3−-N). However, whether and how terrestrial plants respond differently to NH4+-N and NO3−-N addition have never been quantitatively synthesized. Here, we first did a literature survey and analysis on the model projections of future changes in NH4+-N / NO3−-N in atmospheric N deposition. Most models predicted an increase in the global average of NH4+-N / NO3−-N ratio, but decreasing trends in western Europe and eastern China. Then, a meta-analysis was applied to compare the different growth responses of 402 plant species to NH4+-N and NO3−-N addition from 217 N fertilization studies. In general, a greater response of plant growth to NH4+-N (+6.3 % g−1 N) than NO3−-N (+1.0 % g−1 N) addition was detected across all species. The larger sensitivity of plant growth to NH4+- than NO3−-N was found in all plant functional types except for grasses. In addition, the NO3−-N addition promoted terrestrial plants to allocate more biomass to above-ground, whereas NH4+-N addition significantly enhanced below- but not above-ground growth. These results imply that the global accelerating N deposition could stimulate plant growth more in regions with increasing (e.g., North America) than decreasing (e.g., eastern China) NH4+-N / NO3−-N ratio. The findings suggest future assessments and predictions on the vegetation response to atmospheric N enrichment could benefit from a better understanding of plant strategies for acquiring different forms of N.

scholarly journals Imidacloprid Does Not Enhance Growth and Yield of Muskmelon in the Absence of Whitefly

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 997-999 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.C. Palumbo ◽  
C.A. Sanchez
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Cucumis Melo ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Sweetpotato Whitefly ◽  
Large Growth ◽  
Yield Responses ◽  
Very High

Imidacloprid is a new, chloronicotinyl insecticide currently being used to control sweetpotato whitefly [Bemisia tabaci Genn, also known as silverleaf whitefly (Bemisia argentifolii Bellows and Perring)]. Large growth and yield increases of muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.) following the use of imidacloprid have caused some to speculate that this compound may enhance growth and yield above that expected from insect control alone. Greenhouse and field studies were conducted to evaluate the growth and yield response of melons to imidacloprid in the presence and absence of whitefly pressure. In greenhouse cage studies, sweetpotato whiteflies developed very high densities of nymphs and eclosed pupal cases on plants not treated with imidacloprid, and significant increases in vegetative plant growth were inversely proportional to whitefly densities. Positive plant growth responses were absent when plants were treated with imidacloprid and insects were excluded. Results from a field study showed similar whitefly control and yield responses to imidacloprid and bifenthrin + endosulfan applications. Hence, we conclude that growth and yield response to imidacloprid is associated with control of whiteflies and the subsequent prevention of damage, rather than a compensatory physiological promotion of plant growth processes. Chemical names used: 1-[(6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)methyl]-4,5-dihydro-N-nitro-1-H-imidazol-2-amine (imidacloprid); [2 methyl(1,1′-biphenyl)-3yl)methyl 3-2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoro-1-propenyl]-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane carboxylate (bifenthrin); 6,7,8,9,10,10-hexachloro-1,5,5a,6,9,9a-hexahydro-6,9-methano-2,4,3-benzodiaxathiepin 3-oxide (endosulfan).

MORPHOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL RESPOSES OF COW PEA (CV. PUSA BARSATI) GROWN ON FLY ASH AMENDED SOIL IN PRESENCE AND ABSENCE OF MELOIDOGYNE JAVANICA AND RHIZOBIUM LEGUMINOSARUM

1970 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 17-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamal Singh ◽  
A. A. Khan ◽  
Iram Khan ◽  
Rose Rizvi ◽  
M. Saquib
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Rhizobium Leguminosarum ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Meloidogyne Javanica ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Insignificant Difference

Plant growth, yield, pigment and protein content of cow-pea were increased significantly at lower levels (20 and 40%) of fly ash but reverse was true at higher levels (80 and 100%). Soil amended by 60% fly ash could cause suppression in growth and yield in respect to 40% fly ash treated cow-pea plants but former was found at par with control (fly ash untreated plants). Maximum growth occurred in plants grown in soil amended with 40% fly ash. Nitrogen content of cow-pea was suppressed progressively in increasing levels of fly ash. Moreover,  Rhizobium leguminosarum  influenced the growth and yield positively but Meloidogyne javanica caused opposite effects particularly at 20 and 40% fly ash levels. The positive effects of R. leguminosarum were marked by M. javanica at initial levels. However, at 80 and 100% fly ash levels, the positive and negative effects of R. leguminosarum and/or M. javanica did not appear as insignificant difference persist among such treatments.Key words:  Meloidogyne javanica; Rhizobium leguminosarum; Fly ash; Growth; YieldDOI: 10.3126/eco.v17i0.4098Ecoprint An International Journal of Ecology Vol. 17, 2010 Page: 17-22 Uploaded date: 28 December, 2010  

Zinc oxide nanoparticles help to enhance plant growth and alleviate abiotic stress: A review

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Faizan ◽  
Fangyuan Yu ◽  
Chen Chen ◽  
Ahmad Faraz ◽  
Shamsul Hayat
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Main Concern ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Zno Nps ◽  
Agricultural Yield

: Abiotic stresses arising from atmosphere change belie plant growth and yield, leading to food reduction. The cultivation of a large number of crops in the contaminated environment is a main concern of environmentalists in the present time. To get food safety, a highly developed nanotechnology is a useful tool for promoting food production and assuring sustainability. Nanotechnology helps to better production in agriculture by promoting the efficiency of inputs and reducing relevant losses. This review examines the research performed in the past to show how zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) are influencing the negative effects of abiotic stresses. Application of ZnO-NPs is one of the most effectual options for considerable enhancement of agricultural yield globally under stressful conditions. ZnO-NPs can transform the agricultural and food industry with the help of several innovative tools in reversing oxidative stress symptoms induced by abiotic stresses. In addition, the effect of ZnO-NPs on physiological, biochemical, and antioxidative activities in various plants have also been examined properly. This review summarizes the current understanding and the future possibilities of plant-ZnO-NPs research.

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