scholarly journals Physiological and growth responses of two wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties inoculated with a new strain of Bacillus siamensis under Cadmium (Cd) stress

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imran Khan ◽  
Huang Linkai ◽  
Samrah Afzal Awan ◽  
Abd ur Rehman ◽  
Muhammad Ali Raza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Membrane Damage ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Photosynthetic Parameters ◽  
World Population ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Cd Stress

Abstract Bioavailability of cadmium (Cd) metal in the soils due to scarcity of good quality water and industrial waste could be the major limiting factors negatively influencing the growth and yield of crops needs prompt solution to fulfil the requirement of food for increasing world population. In the recent time, variable range of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are being used on large scale in agriculture to reduce the risk of abiotic stresses on plants and increase crop productivity. Among them, the Bacillus siamensis has a huge potential to enhance the plant tolerance against abiotic stress but limited evidences are reported about the putative role of B.s in crop plants under heavy metal stress. The current study was aimed to investigate the potential of a new metal tolerant strain of B.s on two wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties (NARC-2009 and NARC-2011) grown in Cd contaminated soil at different treatments i.e Cd (0, 20, 30 and 50 ppm) and Cd (0, 20, 30 and 50 ppm) + B.s. Our results depicted that Cd stress decreased the wheat growth related attributes, biomass, and photosynthetic parameters (Chlorophyll a, b and a + b) which increased in both wheat varieties upon inoculation with B.s. Moreover, Cd stress caused significant membrane damage and negatively affected the water content, water potential, and osmotic potential of leaf. However, PGPR considerably increased the soluble sugars to reduce the Cd toxicity. Overall, the plants inoculated with B.s enhanced their tolerance index of root and shoot and found better in NARC-2009 than NARC-2011. Therefore, microorganisms efficiently increase the plant growth by reducing the metal toxicity.

Influence of increasing soil phosphorus levels on interactions between vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizae and Rhizobium in soybeans

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (20) ◽  
pp. 2200-2205 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Asimi ◽  
V. Gianinazzi-Pearson ◽  
S. Gianinazzi
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizae ◽  
Nitrogenase Activity ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Growth Stimulation ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Nodule Formation ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular ◽  
Phosphate Fertilization

Growth and yield increases, obtained in nodulated soybeans growing in unamended sterile soil by inoculation with the vesicular–arbuscular (VA) mycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseae, were accompanied by improved P uptake, lower root to shoot ratios, better nodulation with higher nitrogenase activity, and modifications in the pattern of the latter during plant growth. Stimulation of nitrogenase activity occurred early in plant development and preceded plant growth responses by about 2 weeks. Phosphate fertilization increased yield, percent P but not percent N of both mycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal soybeans, and also modified the pattern and amount of nitrogenase activity during plant growth. Additions of 0.25 g KH2PO4/kg to the soil eliminated the mycorrhizal effect on plant growth, but nodule formation and nitrogenase activity were still significantly stimulated by the mycorrhizal infection. Mycorrhizal effects on nodulation were eliminated with 0.5 g KH2PO4 and on nitrogenase activity with the addition of 1.0 g KH2PO4. These higher levels of phosphate fertilization considerably diminished infection and, in particular, fungal spread within the roots.

scholarly journals Burkholderia Phytofirmans PsJN Stimulate Growth and Yield of Quinoa under Salinity Stress

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aizheng Yang ◽  
Saqib Saleem Akhtar ◽  
Qiang Fu ◽  
Muhammad Naveed ◽  
Shahid Iqbal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Endophytic Bacteria ◽  
Ion Homeostasis ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
World Population ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria ◽  
Ros Scavenging ◽  
Burkholderia Phytofirmans Psjn

One of the major challenges in agriculture is to ensure sufficient and healthy food availability for the increasing world population in near future. This requires maintaining sustainable cultivation of crop plants under varying environmental stresses. Among these stresses, salinity is the second most abundant threat worldwide after drought. One of the promising strategies to mitigate salinity stress is to cultivate halotolerant crops such as quinoa. Under high salinity, performance can be improved by plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB). Among PGPB, endophytic bacteria are considered better in stimulating plant growth compared to rhizosphere bacteria because of their ability to colonize both in plant rhizosphere and plant interior. Therefore, in the current study, a pot experiment was conducted in a controlled greenhouse to investigate the effects of endophytic bacteria i.e., Burkholderia phytofirmans PsJN on improving growth, physiology and yield of quinoa under salinity stress. At six leaves stage, plants were irrigated with saline water having either 0 (control) or 400 mM NaCl. The results indicated that plants inoculated with PsJN mitigated the negative effects of salinity on quinoa resulting in increased shoot biomass, grain weight and grain yield by 12%, 18% and 41% respectively, over un-inoculated control. Moreover, inoculation with PsJN improved osmotic adjustment and ion homeostasis ability. In addition, leaves were also characterized for five key reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging enzyme in response to PsJN treatment. This showed higher activity of catalase (CAT) and dehydroascobate reductase (DHAR) in PsJN-treated plants. These findings suggest that inoculation of quinoa seeds with Burkholderia phytofirmans PsJN could be used for stimulating growth and yield of quinoa in highly salt-affected soils.

scholarly journals Exploring the Potential Soil Bacteria for Sustainable Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Production

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rizwan Sheirdil ◽  
Rifat Hayat ◽  
Xiao-Xia Zhang ◽  
Nadeem Abbasi ◽  
Safdar Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Recommended Dose ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Chemical Fertilizers ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizers

Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are capable to reduce the use of chemical fertilizers input cost of farmer. Keeping in view the study was designed to investigate and evaluate inoculation effect of indigenous rhizospheric bacteria on growth and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under in vitro and in vivo conditions using different treatments. Ten potential strains were selected on the basis of their ACC deaminase activity, siderophore production, P-solubilization and production of indole acetic acid (IAA). Further these strains were tested in three different experiments (growth chamber, pot and field). We found significant increase in crop growth response to the inoculants in comparison with un-inoculated control. In pot and field trial we tested PGPR with recommended dose of inorganic fertilizers. The results of present study revealed that inoculation of bacterial strains with wheat seeds significantly increased plant growth and improved crop yield. Results of present study reveal that these strains could be employed in different combinations and can get higher yield in case of half recommended doses of inorganic fertilizers along with consortium of strains in comparison with sole application of recommended dose of fertilizer and with consortium of strains. These strains were further identified by 16Sr RNA gene sequencing, fatty acid profile and biolog. It can be concluded that inoculated bacteria have more potential and contributes in good crop quality, increased yield when they are applied in combination, thus have potential to minimize use of chemical fertilizers.

Assessing the effect of extra nitrogen on Kandelia obovata growth under cadmium stress using high-resolution thermal infrared remote sensing and the three-temperature model

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (11) ◽  
pp. 1162
Author(s):  
Xiaoxue Shen ◽  
Ruili Li ◽  
Minwei Chai ◽  
Ke Yu ◽  
Qijie Zan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Thermal Infrared ◽  
Photosynthetic Parameters ◽  
N Addition ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Cd Stress ◽  
Kandelia Obovata ◽  
Thermal Infrared Remote Sensing ◽  
Infrared Remote Sensing

Mangrove forests provide many ecological services and are among the most productive intertidal ecosystems on earth. Currently, these forests frequently face significant heavy metal pollution as well as eutrophication. The present study assessed the response of Kandelia obovata Sheue, H.Y. Liu & J. Yong to combined NH4+–N addition and Cd stress based on a three-temperature (3T) model using high-resolution thermal infrared remote sensing. The results show that leaf surface temperature (Tc) and the plant transpiration transfer coefficient (hat) became larger with increasing NH4+–N concentrations in the same Cd treatment, especially under high NH4+–N (50 and 100 mg·L−1) and Cd stress. The thermal bioindicators, growth responses and photosynthetic parameters changed in a consistent fashion, indicating that combined high NH4+–N addition and Cd stress led to stomatal closure, reduced the cooling effect of transpiration, and increased Tc and hat values. Furthermore, appropriate NH4+–N supply reduced stomatal conductance (gs) and the transpiration rate (Tr), which were increased by Cd stress, and then maintained Tc and hat at normal levels. The normalised hat helped to reduce the influence of environmental variation during the diagnosis of mangrove plant health. This indicated that the 3T model with high-resolution thermal infrared remote sensing provides an effective technique for determining the health status of mangrove plants under stress.

scholarly journals Post-processing of biochars to enhance plant growth responses: a review and meta-analysis

Biochar ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean C. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Environmental Restoration ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Post Processing ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
System Productivity ◽  
Post Production

AbstractA number of processes for post-production treatment of “raw” biochars, including leaching, aeration, grinding or sieving to reduce particle size, and chemical or steam activation, have been suggested as means to enhance biochar effectiveness in agriculture, forestry, and environmental restoration. Here, I review studies on post-production processing methods and their effects on biochar physio-chemical properties and present a meta-analysis of plant growth and yield responses to post-processed vs. “raw” biochars. Data from 23 studies provide a total of 112 comparisons of responses to processed vs. unprocessed biochars, and 103 comparisons allowing assessment of effects relative to biochar particle size; additional 8 published studies involving 32 comparisons provide data on effects of biochar leachates. Overall, post-processed biochars resulted in significantly increased average plant growth responses 14% above those observed with unprocessed biochar. This overall effect was driven by plant growth responses to reduced biochar particle size, and heating/aeration treatments. The assessment of biochar effects by particle size indicates a peak at a particle size of 0.5–1.0 mm. Biochar leachate treatments showed very high heterogeneity among studies and no average growth benefit. I conclude that physiochemical post-processing of biochar offers substantial additional agronomic benefits compared to the use of unprocessed biochar. Further research on post-production treatments effects will be important for biochar utilization to maximize benefits to carbon sequestration and system productivity in agriculture, forestry, and environmental restoration.

scholarly journals The Effect of Endophytic Talaromyces pinophilus on Growth, Absorption and Accumulation of Heavy Metals of Triticum aestivum Grown on Sandy Soil Amended by Sewage Sludge

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2659
Author(s):  
Amany A. El-Shahir ◽  
Noha A. El-Tayeh ◽  
Omar M. Ali ◽  
Arafat Abdel Hamed Abdel Latef ◽  
Naglaa Loutfy
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽  
Talaromyces Pinophilus ◽  
Total Amino Acids

Sewage sludge improves agricultural soil and plant growth, but there are risks associated with its use, including high heavy metal content. In this study, experiments were carried out to investigate the role of endophytic Talaromyces pinophilus MW695526 on the growth of Triticum aestivum cultivated in soil amended with sewage sludge and its phytoremediation ability. T. pinophilus could produce gibberellic acid (GA) and stimulate T. aestivum to accumulate GA. The results showed that inoculation with T. pinophilus boosted plant growth criteria, photosynthetic pigments, osmolytes (soluble proteins, soluble sugars and total amino acids), enzymatic antioxidants (catalase, superoxide dismutase and peroxidase), K, Ca and Mg. On the other hand, it reduced Na, Na/K ratio, Cd, Ni, Cu and Zn in the growth media as well as in the shoot and root of T. aestivum. The results suggest that endophytic T. pinophilus can work as a barrier to reduce the absorption of heavy metals in T. aestivum cultivated in soil amended with sewage sludge.

scholarly journals Enhancing antioxidant defense system of mung bean with a salicylic acid exogenous application to mitigate cadmium toxicity

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 12303
Author(s):  
Imran KHAN ◽  
Mahmoud F. SELEIMAN ◽  
Muhammad U. CHATTHA ◽  
Rewaa S. JALAL ◽  
Faisal MAHMOOD ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigments ◽  
Mung Bean ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Cadmium Toxicity ◽  
Membrane Damage ◽  
Total Soluble Protein ◽  
Cd Stress ◽  
Exogenous Application

Cadmium (Cd) accumulation is an emerging environmental hazard and has detrimental effects on plant growth and development. Salicylic acid (SA) is a well-known plant growth regulator that can initiate various molecular pathways to ameliorate Cd toxicity. The experiment was executed to scrutinize the mediatory role of SA to accelerate the defensive mechanism of mung bean in response to Cd stress. Mung bean plants were exposed to 0, 5, 10 and 15 mg Cd kg-1 of soil. Exogenous application of SA 0, 10-6 and 10-3 M was added prior flowering. Results exhibited that Cd stress considerably reduced the growth-related attributes i.e. shoot length, root length, fresh and dry biomass, total soluble protein, total amino acids, relative water contents and photosynthetic pigments. Cadmium stress showed a significant increase in antioxidants levels such as peroxidase (POD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), ascorbic acid (AsA), and catalase (CAT) and promoted the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents. However, exogenously applied SA significantly improved plant biomass and photosynthetic pigments under Cd stress. Moreover, SA improved the defensive system by enhancing antioxidants’ activities under the increasing concentration of Cd stress. Furthermore, SA reduced the Cd uptake, membrane damage and, H2O2 and MDA accumulation. The study's findings concluded that exogenous-applied SA enhanced plant growth, promoted the antioxidant activities, and reduced the oxidative damage in mung bean seedlings under Cd stress.

scholarly journals Isolation of potential plant growth-promoting bacteria from nodules of legumes grown in arid Botswana soil

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa Kosty ◽  
Flora Pule-Meulenberg ◽  
Ethan A. Humm ◽  
Pilar Martínez-Hidalgo ◽  
Maskit Maymon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Agricultural Productivity ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Soil Microbiome ◽  
Nodule Formation ◽  
World Population ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria ◽  
African Countries

AbstractAs the world population increases, improvements in crop growth and yield will be needed to meet rising food demands, especially in countries that have not developed agricultural practices optimized for their own soils and crops. In many African countries, farmers improve agricultural productivity by applying synthetic fertilizers and pesticides to crops, but their continued use over the years has had serious environmental consequences including air and water pollution as well as loss of soil fertility. To reduce the overuse of synthetic amendments, we are developing inocula for crops that are based on indigenous soil microbes, especially those that enhance plant growth and improve agricultural productivity in a sustainable manner. We first isolated environmental DNA from soil samples collected from an agricultural region to study the composition of the soil microbiomes and then used Vigna unguiculata (cowpea), an important legume crop in Botswana and other legumes as “trap” plants using the collected soil to induce nitrogen-fixing nodule formation. We have identified drought-tolerant bacteria from Botswana soils that stimulate plant growth; many are species of Bacillus and Paenibacillus. In contrast, the cowpea nodule microbiomes from plants grown in these soils house mainly rhizobia particularly Bradyrhizobium, but also Methylobacterium spp. Hence, the nodule microbiome is much more limited in non-rhizobial diversity compared to the soil microbiome, but also contains a number of potential pathogenic bacteria.

scholarly journals Exogenous Menadione Sodium Bisulphite Increases Pigments, Osmoprotectants and Alters Metabolism to Attenuate Cadmium Toxicity on Growth and Yield in Summer Squash (Cucurbita pepo)

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (06) ◽  
pp. 1321-1330
Author(s):  
Wajeeha Yaseen
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Cadmium Toxicity ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Mobile Element ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Cd Stress ◽  
Cd Uptake ◽  
Sodium Bisulphite ◽  
Minute Amount ◽  
Summer Squash

The menadione sodium bisulphite (MSB) is hydrophilic and has been suggested a defensive molecule against different biotic and abiotic stresses. Cadmium (Cd) is a highly mobile element and even its minute amount causes toxicity in different organisms including plants. This experiment was conducted to elucidate whether seed priming with MSB could induce Cd tolerance in summer squash. The seed were primed with 0, 10 and 20 mM MSB and sown in pots filled with clean and dried sand saturated with Hoagland’s nutrients solution supplemented with different Cd concentrations (0 and 0.1 mM). The Cd stress reduced growth and contents of chlorophyll (Chl), osmoprotectants (soluble sugars, free amino acids, soluble proteins) and yield while increased oxidants such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) and secondary metabolites (total phenolics and flavonoids). The Cd stress increased root and shoot Fe (4−18%, respectively) and Ca2+ (24−93%, respectively) concentration while decreased root and shoot Mg2+ concentration (31−39%, respectively). The summer squash transported Cd to shoot and compartmentalized it in the cells to avoid Cd toxicity. However, the plants raised from seed primed with MSB had higher contents of photosynthetic pigments (17−23% total Chl), secondary metabolites and osmoprotectants when grown under Cd stress. Further, MSB-priming attenuated the toxicity of Cd on nutrients acquisition and increased growth and yield in the summer squash. The MSB-priming reduced Cd uptake (84%) and also altered Cd compartmentalization at sub-cellular level, and mediated its accumulation in the cell wall and soluble fraction (vacuole) rather than in the chloroplasts and cell membranes. Overall, MSB-priming (10 mM) was much more effective and increased growth and yield of summer squash under Cd stress. © 2021 Friends Science Publishers

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