scholarly journals RNAi technology for plant protection and its application in wheat

aBIOTECH ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaoshuai Liu ◽  
Shuaifeng Geng ◽  
Aili Li ◽  
Yingbo Mao ◽  
Long Mao
Keyword(s):  
Rna Interference ◽  
Future Development ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Significant Progress ◽  
Target Mrnas ◽  
Rnai Technology ◽  
The World ◽  
Made In

AbstractThe RNAi technology takes advantage of the intrinsic RNA interference (RNAi) mechanism that exists in nearly all eukaryotes in which target mRNAs are degraded or functionally suppressed. Significant progress has been made in recent years where RNAi technology is applied to several crops and economic plants for protection against diseases like fungi, pests, and nematode. RNAi technology is also applied in controlling pathogen damages in wheat, one of the most important crops in the world. In this review, we first give a brief introduction of the RNAi technology and the underneath mechanism. We then review the recent progress of its utilization in crops, particular wheat. Finally, we discuss the existing challenges and prospect future development of this technology in crop protection.

scholarly journals Paving the way for transgenic schistosomes

Parasitology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 139 (5) ◽  
pp. 651-668 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. BECKMANN ◽  
C. G. GREVELDING
Keyword(s):  
Rna Interference ◽  
Initial Phase ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Reporter Genes ◽  
Significant Progress ◽  
Gene Insertion ◽  
Remarkable Progress ◽  
Made In ◽  
Silence Gene

SUMMARYIn parasitological research, significant progress has been made with respect to genomics and transcriptomics but transgenic systems for functional gene analyses are mainly restricted to the protozoan field. Gene insertion and knockout strategies can be applied to parasitic protozoa as well as gene silencing by RNA interference (RNAi). By contrast, research on parasitic helminthes still lags behind. Along with the major advances in genome and transcriptome analyses e.g. for schistosomes, methods for the functional characterization of genes of interest are still in their initial phase and have to be elaborated now, at the beginning of the post-genomic era. In this review we will summarize attempts made in the last decade regarding the establishment of protocols to transiently and stably transform or transfect schistosomes. Besides approaches using particle bombardment, electroporation or virus-based infection strateies to introduce DNA constructs into adult and larval schistosome stages to express reporter genes, first approaches have also been made in establishing protocols based on soaking, lipofection, and/or electroporation for RNA interference to silence gene activity. Although in these cases remarkable progress can be seen, the schistosome community eagerly awaits major breakthroughs especially with respect to stable transformation, but also for silencing or knock-down strategies for every schistosome gene of interest.

Recent progress in small-molecule inhibitors for critical therapeutic targets of necroptosis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhennan Fang ◽  
Huiqiang Wei ◽  
Wenfeng Gou ◽  
Leyuan Chen ◽  
Changfen Bi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Small Molecule ◽  
Future Development ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Small Molecule Inhibitors ◽  
Cell Necrosis ◽  
Significant Progress ◽  
Regulated Cell Death ◽  
Associated Proteins ◽  
Widespread Interest

Nonapoptotic types of regulated cell death have attracted widespread interest since the discovery that certain forms of cell necrosis can be regulated. In particular, research into cell necroptosis has made significant progress in connection with kidney, inflammatory, degenerative and neoplastic diseases. Inhibitors targeting the critical necroptosis-associated proteins RIPK1/3 and MLKL have been in development for more than a decade. Herein the authors compile a list of the known small-molecule inhibitors of these enzymes and representative structures of compounds co-crystallized with these proteins and put forward some thoughts regarding their future development.

scholarly journals Bacterium-Mediated RNA Interference: Potential Application in Plant Protection

Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Goodfellow ◽  
Daai Zhang ◽  
Ming-Bo Wang ◽  
Ren Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Rna Interference ◽  
Potential Application ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Agricultural Pests ◽  
Promising Tool ◽  
Current State ◽  
Potential Applications

RNAi has emerged as a promising tool for targeting agricultural pests and pathogens and could provide an environmentally friendly alternative to traditional means of control. However, the deployment of this technology is still limited by a lack of suitable exogenous- or externally applied delivery mechanisms. Numerous means of overcoming this limitation are being explored. One such method, bacterium-mediated RNA interference, or bmRNAi, has been explored in other systems and shows great potential for application to agriculture. Here, we review the current state of bmRNAi, examine the technical limitations and possible improvements, and discuss its potential applications in crop protection.

scholarly journals Recent progress on detecting understanding and controlling Pseudomonas syringae pv actinidiae a short review

2013 ◽  
Vol 66 ◽  
pp. 170-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.L. Vanneste
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Whole Genome Sequence ◽  
Bacterial Canker ◽  
New Methods ◽  
The World ◽  
Epiphytic Survival ◽  
Made In

In the last few years the causal agent of bacterial canker of kiwifruit Pseudomonas syringae pv actinidiae (Psa) has become a global pathogen of economic importance Since the beginning of this global outbreak many laboratories in the world have been working on Psa Today it is known that Psa is not a homogeneous pathovar and tools that allow the distinction between biovars (subpathovar classification) have been developed The whole genome sequence of several strains of Psa has now been published Some of the assumptions on the life cycle (ports of entry epiphytic survival etc) made in the early days of the outbreak have now been confirmed Although few new methods have been found to control Psa there is now a better understanding of how to reduce the incidence of this disease This paper reviews the progress made in understanding the pathogen the disease and how to control it

scholarly journals Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: pathogenetic mechanisms and new approaches to pharmacotherapy (literature review)

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 12-18
Author(s):  
T. M. Alekseeva ◽  
T. R. Stuchevskaya ◽  
V. S. Demeshonok
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Significant Progress ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Loss Of Self ◽  
The World ◽  
Self Service ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis ◽  
Made In

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a neurodegenerative disease, resulting in the loss of self-service and death of the middle-aged and elderly people. In the last 2 decades, significant progress has been made in the study of the pathogenesis of this disease. Two known drugs (riluzole and edaravone) have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration for treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The efficacy of these drugs is extremely low, so clinical trials of new drugs are ongoing all over the world. This review discusses the current achievements and future directions of therapy of this disease.

scholarly journals Evolution and Future Development of the Food Experience for Made in Italy and Japanese Products

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele Bianco
Keyword(s):  
Future Development ◽  
Preliminary Analysis ◽  
International Markets ◽  
Business Development ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Future Scenarios ◽  
Foreseeable Future ◽  
The World ◽  
Food Experience ◽  
Made In

Guided by the results of a preliminary analysis on the effects of the pandemic on international markets, possible and foreseeable future scenarios have been imagined and investigated. With a special focus on Italy and Japan, we will analyse the innovative trends in the world of food that will guide future changes and developments, highlighting new approaches to consumption, the challenges to be faced in the new normal and the opportunities to be seized, under the perspective of the online approach. The objective of this speech is to investigate the evolution of the food experience for Made in Italy and Japanese products, identifying affinities and possible synergies between food and cultural styles, sharing points of reflection for strategic business development.

scholarly journals RNA interference-mediated silencing of genes involved in the immune responses of the soybean pod borer Leguminivora glycinivorella (Lepidoptera: Olethreutidae)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruixue Ran ◽  
Tianyu Li ◽  
Xinxin Liu ◽  
Hejia Ni ◽  
Wenbin Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rna Interference ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Abnormal Development ◽  
Signalling Molecules ◽  
Rnai Technology ◽  
Pod Borer ◽  
Soybean Pest ◽  
Protection Strategies ◽  
Immune Related Genes

RNA interference (RNAi) technology may be useful for developing new crop protection strategies against the soybean pod borer (SPB; Leguminivora glycinivorella), which is a critical soybean pest in northeastern Asia. Immune-related genes have been recently identified as potential RNAi targets for controlling insects. However, little is known about these genes or mechanisms underlying their expression in the SPB. In this study, we completed a transcriptome-wide analysis of SPB immune-related genes. We identified 41 genes associated with SPB microbial recognition proteins, immune-related effectors or signalling molecules in immune response pathways (e.g., Toll and immune deficiency pathways). Eleven of these genes were selected for a double-stranded RNA artificial feeding assay. The down-regulated expression levels of LgToll-5-1a and LgPGRP-LB2a resulted in relatively high larval mortality rates and abnormal development. Our data represent a comprehensive genetic resource for immune-related SPB genes, and may contribute to the elucidation of the mechanism regulating innate immunity in Lepidoptera species. Furthermore, two immune-related SPB genes were identified as potential RNAi targets, which may be used in the development of RNAi-mediated SPB control methods.

scholarly journals Dark cloud observations: Problems and progress

1997 ◽  
Vol 178 ◽  
pp. 173-182
Author(s):  
Y. C. Minh
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Interstellar Medium ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
High Resolution Spectroscopy ◽  
Significant Progress ◽  
Dark Cloud ◽  
Dark Clouds ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Observing Techniques ◽  
Made In

Interstellar dark clouds have provided a laboratory which has been successfully used to identify a number of species, perform high resolution spectroscopy, and characterize the processes in the interstellar medium. We have successfully solved a number of problems and achieved significant progress through dark cloud observations. With the improvement of observing techniques and theories, however, we are now having new problems and are waiting for further progress. The dark clouds, because of their quietness and large column densities, still provide a very useful testing ground of many uncertain interstellar processes. Here we summarize some of the recent progress made in dark cloud observations and discuss related problems. We focus especially on the importance of nearby objects, possible signs of gas-grain interactions in dark clouds, and further sensitive observations.

scholarly journals RNA interference-mediated silencing of genes involved in the immune responses of the soybean pod borer Leguminivora glycinivorella (Lepidoptera: Olethreutidae)

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e4931 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruixue Ran ◽  
Tianyu Li ◽  
Xinxin Liu ◽  
Hejia Ni ◽  
Wenbin Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rna Interference ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Abnormal Development ◽  
Signalling Molecules ◽  
Rnai Technology ◽  
Pod Borer ◽  
Soybean Pest ◽  
Protection Strategies ◽  
Immune Related Genes

RNA interference (RNAi) technology may be useful for developing new crop protection strategies against the soybean pod borer (SPB; Leguminivora glycinivorella), which is a critical soybean pest in northeastern Asia. Immune-related genes have been recently identified as potential RNAi targets for controlling insects. However, little is known about these genes or mechanisms underlying their expression in the SPB. In this study, we completed a transcriptome-wide analysis of SPB immune-related genes. We identified 41 genes associated with SPB microbial recognition proteins, immune-related effectors or signalling molecules in immune response pathways (e.g., Toll and immune deficiency pathways). Eleven of these genes were selected for a double-stranded RNA artificial feeding assay. The down-regulated expression levels of LgToll-5-1a and LgPGRP-LB2a resulted in relatively high larval mortality rates and abnormal development. Our data represent a comprehensive genetic resource for immune-related SPB genes, and may contribute to the elucidation of the mechanism regulating innate immunity in Lepidoptera species. Furthermore, two immune-related SPB genes were identified as potential RNAi targets, which may be used in the development of RNAi-mediated SPB control methods.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of interstitial lung disease in Palestine: first national data

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasan S. Yamin ◽  
Amro Y. Alastal ◽  
Izzedin Bakri
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Interstitial Lung Disease ◽  
Lung Diseases ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Interstitial Lung Diseases ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Significant Progress ◽  
National Data ◽  
The World ◽  
Made In

Significant progress has been made in recent years in understanding the epidemiology of interstitial lung diseases (ILD) across the world, but the amount of information available is still small compared to other respiratory diseases like obstructive lung diseases or lung cancer. In this study we tried to explore the epidemiology of ILD in a virgin area of the world (Palestine), by describing a retrospectively collected cohort of newly diagnosed ILD cases in a single – and the only – Pulmonology center in Palestine over two years.

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