scholarly journals The genetic and molecular basis for improving heat stress tolerance in wheat

aBIOTECH ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lv Sun ◽  
Jingjing Wen ◽  
Huiru Peng ◽  
Yingyin Yao ◽  
Zhaorong Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Heat Stress Tolerance ◽  
The Impact

AbstractWheat production requires at least ~ 2.4% increase per year rate by 2050 globally to meet food demands. However, heat stress results in serious yield loss of wheat worldwide. Correspondingly, wheat has evolved genetic basis and molecular mechanisms to protect themselves from heat-induced damage. Thus, it is very urgent to understand the underlying genetic basis and molecular mechanisms responsive to elevated temperatures to provide important strategies for heat-tolerant varieties breeding. In this review, we focused on the impact of heat stress on morphology variation at adult stage in wheat breeding programs. We also summarize the recent studies of genetic and molecular factors regulating heat tolerance, including identification of heat stress tolerance related QTLs/genes, and the regulation pathway in response to heat stress. In addition, we discuss the potential ways to improve heat tolerance by developing new technologies such as genome editing. This review of wheat responses to heat stress may shed light on the understanding heat-responsive mechanisms, although the regulatory network of heat tolerance is still ambiguous in wheat.

Evaluation of Triticum durum–Aegilops tauschii derived primary synthetics as potential sources of heat stress tolerance for wheat improvement

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-89
Author(s):  
Amandeep Kaur ◽  
Parveen Chhuneja ◽  
Puja Srivastava ◽  
Kuldeep Singh ◽  
Satinder Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Hexaploid Wheat ◽  
Aegilops Tauschii ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
World Population ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Terminal Heat Stress ◽  
Heat Stress Tolerance ◽  
The Impact

AbstractAddressing the impact of heat stress during flowering and grain filling is critical to sustaining wheat productivity to meet a steadily increasing demand from a rapidly growing world population. Crop wild progenitor species of wheat possess a wealth of genetic diversity for several biotic and abiotic stresses, and morphological traits and can serve as valuable donors. The transfer of useful variation from the diploid progenitor, Aegilops tauschii, to hexaploid wheat can be done through the generation of synthetic hexaploid wheat (SHW). The present study targeted the identification of potential primary SHWs to introduce new genetic variability for heat stress tolerance. Selected SHWs were screened for different yield-associated traits along with three advanced breeding lines and durum parents as checks for assessing terminal heat stress tolerance under timely and late sown conditions for two consecutive seasons. Heat tolerance index based on the number of productive tillers and thousand grain weight indicated that three synthetics, syn9809 (64.32, 78.80), syn14128 (50.30, 78.28) and syn14135 (58.16, 76.03), were able to endure terminal heat stress better than other SHWs as well as checks. One of these synthetics, syn14128, recorded a minimum reduction in thousand kernel weight (21%), chlorophyll content (2.56%), grain width (1.07%) despite minimum grain-filling duration (36.15 d) and has been selected as a potential candidate for introducing the terminal heat stress tolerance in wheat breeding programmes. Breeding efforts using these candidate donors will help develop lines with a higher potential to express the desired heat stress-tolerant phenotype under field conditions.

Molecular breeding for improving heat stress tolerance in wheat.

2021 ◽  
pp. 82-89
Author(s):  
Kuo-hai Yu ◽  
Hui-ru Peng ◽  
Zhong-fu Ni ◽  
Ying-yin Yao ◽  
Zhao-rong Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Molecular Basis ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Heat Response ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Resource Exploration ◽  
Heat Stress Tolerance

Abstract This paper discusses wheat responses to heat stress (including morphological and growth, cellular structure and physiological responses) and the molecular-genetic bases of heat response in wheat (including topics on mapping quantitative trait loci related to heat tolerance and the role of functional genes in response to heat stress). The improvement of heat tolerance of wheat by comprehensive strategies is also described. It is believed that with the emphasis on genetic resource exploration and with better understanding of the molecular basis, heat tolerance will be improved during wheat breeding programmes in the future.

scholarly journals Humic acid enhances heat stress tolerance via transcriptional activation of Heat-Shock Proteins in Arabidopsis

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joon-Yung Cha ◽  
Sang-Ho Kang ◽  
Imdad Ali ◽  
Sang Cheol Lee ◽  
Myung Geun Ji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Humic Acid ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Transcriptional Activation ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Heat Stress Tolerance

Abstract Humic acid (HA) is composed of a complex supramolecular association and is produced by humification of organic matters in soil environments. HA not only improves soil fertility, but also stimulates plant growth. Although numerous bioactivities of HA have been reported, the molecular evidences have not yet been elucidated. Here, we performed transcriptomic analysis to identify the HA-prompted molecular mechanisms in Arabidopsis. Gene ontology enrichment analysis revealed that HA up-regulates diverse genes involved in the response to stress, especially to heat. Heat stress causes dramatic induction in unique gene families such as Heat-Shock Protein (HSP) coding genes including HSP101, HSP81.1, HSP26.5, HSP23.6, and HSP17.6A. HSPs mainly function as molecular chaperones to protect against thermal denaturation of substrates and facilitate refolding of denatured substrates. Interestingly, wild-type plants grown in HA were heat-tolerant compared to those grown in the absence of HA, whereas Arabidopsis HSP101 null mutant (hot1) was insensitive to HA. We also validated that HA accelerates the transcriptional expression of HSPs. Overall, these results suggest that HSP101 is a molecular target of HA promoting heat-stress tolerance in Arabidopsis. Our transcriptome information contributes to understanding the acquired genetic and agronomic traits by HA conferring tolerance to environmental stresses in plants.

scholarly journals Physiological, Biochemical, and Molecular Mechanisms of Heat Stress Tolerance in Plants

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 9643-9684 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirza Hasanuzzaman ◽  
Kamrun Nahar ◽  
Md. Alam ◽  
Rajib Roychowdhury ◽  
Masayuki Fujita
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Heat Stress Tolerance

scholarly journals Carbohydrate Accumulation in Relation to Heat Stress Tolerance in Two Creeping Bentgrass Cultivars

2000 ◽  
Vol 125 (4) ◽  
pp. 442-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaozhong Liu ◽  
Bingru Huang
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Carbohydrate Accumulation ◽  
Physiological Factors ◽  
Root Mortality ◽  
Carbohydrate Availability ◽  
Turf Quality ◽  
Heat Stress Tolerance

Understanding physiological factors that may confer heat tolerance would facilitate breeding for improvement of summer turf quality. The objective of this study was to investigate whether carbohydrate availability contributes to changes in turf quality and root mortality during heat stress in two creeping bentgrass [Agrostis stolonifera L. var. palustris (Huds.) Farw. (syn. A. palustris Huds.)] cultivars, `L-93' and `Penncross', that contrast in heat tolerance. Grasses were grown at 14-hour days and 11-hour nights of 22/16 °C (control) and 35/25 °C (heat stress) for 56 days in growth chambers. Turf quality decreased while root mortality increased under heat-stress conditions for both cultivars, but to a greater extent for `Penncross' than `L-93'. The concentrations of total nonstructural carbohydrate (TNC), fructans, starch, glucose, and sucrose in shoots (leaves and stems) and roots decreased at 35/25 °C. The reduction in carbohydrate concentrations of shoots was more pronounced than that of roots. Shoot glucose and sucrose concentrations were more sensitive to heat stress than other carbohydrates. `L-93' maintained significantly higher carbohydrate concentrations, especially glucose and sucrose, than `Penncross' at 35/25 °C. Results suggest that high carbohydrate availability, particularly glucose and sucrose, during heat stress was an important physiological trait associated with heat-stress tolerance in creeping bentgrass.

scholarly journals A conserved HSF:miR169:NF-YA loop involved in tomato and Arabidopsis heat stress tolerance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sombir Rao ◽  
Chandni Bansal ◽  
Celine Sorin ◽  
Martin Crespi ◽  
Saloni Mathur
Keyword(s):  
Transcriptional Regulation ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Negative Regulator ◽  
Virus Induced Gene Silencing ◽  
Heat Stress Response ◽  
Heat Stress Tolerance

AbstractHeat stress transcription factors (HSFs) and miRNAs regulate different stress and developmental networks in plants. Regulatory feedbacks are at the basis of these networks. Here, we report that plants improve their heat stress tolerance through HSF-mediated transcriptional regulation of MIR169 and post-transcriptional regulation of NF-YA transcription factors. We show that HSFs recognize tomato and Arabidopsis MIR169 promoters using yeast-one-hybrid/ChIP-qPCR. Silencing tomato HSFs using virus induced gene silencing (VIGS) reduced Sly-MIR169 levels and enhanced Sly-NF-YA9/A10 target expression. Further, Sly-NF-YA9/A10-VIGS knock-down tomato plants and Arabidopsis plants overexpressing At-MIR169d or At-nf-ya2 mutants showed a link with increased heat tolerance. In contrast, Arabidopsis plants overexpressing At-NF-YA2, or those expressing a non-cleavable At-NF-YA2 form (miR169d-resistant At-NF-YA2) as well as plants inhibited for At-miRNA169d regulation (miR169d mimic plants) were more sensitive to heat stress, highlighting NF-YA as negative regulator of heat tolerance. Furthermore, post-transcriptional cleavage of NF-YA by elevated miR169 levels resulted in alleviating the repression of heat stress effectors HSFA7a/b in tomato and Arabidopsis revealing a retroactive control of HSFs by the miR169:NF-YA node. Hence, a regulatory feedback loop involving HSFs, miR169s and NF-YAs plays a critical role in the regulation of heat stress response in tomato and Arabidopsis plants.

scholarly journals Water Stress-induced Heat Tolerance in Geranium and its Association with Accumulation of Dehyrins and HSC 70 Proteins

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 601a-601
Author(s):  
Rajeev Arora ◽  
S.P. Dharmalingam ◽  
B.C. Bearce
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Stress Proteins ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Heat Stable ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Hsc 70 ◽  
Heat Stress Tolerance

Evidence is accumulating in favor of a linkage at the cellular level between various abiotic stresses. We conducted a study to evaluate the effect of water stress on the heat tolerance of zonal geraniums. Water-stress was imposed as previously described. Leaf water potential (LWP, MPa), relative water content (RWC, percent), and heat-stress tolerance (HST; LT50, defined as temperature causing half maximal percent injury based on electrolyte leakage) were measured in control, stressed, and recovered (watering restored as in controls) plants. Proteins were extracted from the leaves following the treatments. SDS-PAGE and immunoblotting were performed using standard procedures. Immunoblots were probed with antibodies to dehydrin (T. Close) and 70-kDa heat shock cognate (HSC 70 of spinach) proteins (C. Guy). Data indicate that 1) LXWP and RWC in control and stressed plants were –0.378 and –0.804 MPa and 92.31% and 78.69%, respectively; 2) stressed plants exhibited a significant increase in HST compared to control (LT50 of 55°C vs. 51°C), which was associated with the accumulation of several heat-stable, dehydrin proteins (26 to 50 kDa), and of cytosolic and ER luminal (BiP) HSC 70 proteins; 3) in recovered plants, LXWP, RWC, and HST reversed back to the levels of control concomitant with the disappearance or reduction of dehydrins and HSC 70 proteins. These results suggest that specific stress proteins may play a role in development of heat stress tolerance.

scholarly journals Variation for Heat Tolerance During Seed Germination in Diverse Carrot [Daucus carota (L.)] Germplasm

HortScience ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (9) ◽  
pp. 1470-1476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Bolton ◽  
Aneela Nijabat ◽  
Muhammad Mahmood-ur-Rehman ◽  
Naima Huma Naveed ◽  
A.T.M. Majharul Mannan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Plant Introductions ◽  
Wild Carrot ◽  
Carrot Seed ◽  
Heat Stress Tolerance ◽  
Heat Tolerant

Carrot production is constrained by high levels of heat stress during the germination stage in many global regions. Few studies have been published evaluating the effect of heat stress on carrot seed germination or screening for genetic heat stress tolerance. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the response of diverse carrot germplasm to heat stress, identify heat-tolerant germplasm that may be used by plant breeders, and define the appropriate temperature for assessing heat tolerance in germinating carrot seed. To identify an appropriate screening temperature, three commercial hybrids and an open pollinated variety were evaluated at five temperatures (24, 32.5, 35, 37.5, and 40 °C). In preliminary studies, 35 °C was identified as the optimal temperature for screening heat tolerance of carrot seed. Cultivated and wild carrot plant introductions (PIs) (n = 270) from the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) National Plant Germplasm System (NPGS) representing 41 countries, inbred lines from the USDA Agricultural Research Service (n = 15), and widely grown commercial hybrids (n = 8) were evaluated for heat tolerance under heat stress and nonstress conditions (35 °C and 24 °C, respectively) by calculating absolute decrease in percent germination (AD), inhibition index (II), relative heat tolerance (RHT), and heat tolerance index (HTI). All measurements of heat tolerance identified significant differences among accessions; AD ranged from −13.0% to 86.7%, II ranged from 35.7% to 100.0%, RHT ranged from 0 to 1.36, and HTI ranged from 0.0 to 1.45. The broad-sense heritability (H2) calculations ranged from 0.64 to 0.86 for different traits, indicating a moderately strong genetic contribution to the phenotypic variation. Several wild carrot accessions and inbred lines displayed low levels of heat tolerance, whereas cultivated accessions PI 643114 (United States), PI 652400 and PI 652403 (Turkey), PI 652208 (China), and PI 652403 (Russia) were most heat tolerant. This is the first evaluation of heritability for heat stress tolerance during carrot seed germination, the first measure of HTI, and the first correlation calculation between heat and salt tolerance during germination in carrot.

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