Civil Society History VI: Early and Mid 20th Century

2012 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
20Th Century

scholarly journals socialist city

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (68) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Elena Grigoryeva
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Good Thing ◽  
Main Topic ◽  
Social Experiments ◽  
House Construction ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
Historical Heritage ◽  
The Times

The period of the “socialist project” occupied the biggest part of the 20th century. Hugescale social experiments have greatly shaped the present-day city’s appearance. The second half of the 20th century evidenced an unprecedented volume of housing and industrial technologies in house construction and design. Most of us, today’s citizens, live in the neighborhoods and houses built during the socialist era.Belgrade and Split, Sverdlovsk, Sevastopol, Magnitogorsk, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, Khabarovsk, Odessa, Moscow – all the cities represented in this issue demonstrate the achievements of the period of the “socialist project”.Having defined the historical heritage as a phenomenon of the socio-economic development, the civil society of Irkutsk pointed out again the urgency of this issue. It also concerns other cities that respect their history. Without history, without heritage, there is no future. Including the heritage of the 20th century.We would like to devote the main topic of the issue to recollections of how residential neighborhoods were formed in socialist cities, what people and what processes defined that formation, in which cases the ideology influenced the appearance of cities, and in which cases cities grew and developed according to their internal regularities. The purpose is not only to pay our respect to wonderful masters, but also to learn the humanistic approaches to space arrangement from them again. It is a good thing in the times of domination of completely different goals related to making a quick profit. It is a good thing for all.

scholarly journals Urban Citizenship: A Case Study of Philanthropy by Missionaries in Magelang Municipality

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 129
Author(s):  
Yudianto Yudianto
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
City Council ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Urban Citizenship ◽  
And Function

This study will answer the question of how far the case of philanthropy action by zending in the Magelang City can be understood as citizenship in the context of the early 20th century? By looking at the relationships between philanthropists and institutional of city council (gemeenteraad) it is expected to clarify their position and function in the early 20th century of colonial cities. In addition to indicating the strengthening of civil society, the case is part of the urban community’s efforts to contribute various forms of participation that are not merely interested in politics or the movement of the nation.

scholarly journals The Activities of Fr Friedrich Muckermann in 1918–1919 in Vilnius: A Significant Application Towards a Civil Society? (The Phenomenon of the Christian Workers League)

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-103
Author(s):  
Edmundas Gimžauskas
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Catholic Church ◽  
Social Activities ◽  
Social Category ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Social ◽  
National Movements ◽  
General Operation ◽  
Significant Application

The activities of the German priest Friedrich Muckermann in Vilnius would belong to those cases when an extraordinary personality influenced crucially the development of the public process, by rallying an abundant crowd of followers. The assumptions of the social activities initiated by this Jesuit priest consisted of the transformation of the Catholic Church at the beginning of the 20th century from a confessional to a social category, and the conditioned general operation of the latter phenomenon. At the turn of 1918–1919 in Vilnius, due to the efforts of Muckermann, the League of Christian Workers appeared and gained more and more popularity in lower social strata. This seriously worried the Bolshevik government. Activists of the national movements conflicting with each other, in turn, understanding the prospects for the cultural-social consolidation begun by the priest to become political, naturally sought to influence the League. The arrest of Muckermann by the Bolsheviks not only encouraged a shift by the League to the Polish side, but also changed the nature of the organisation in the direction of radical action. Members of the League contributed actively to the capture of Vilnius by the Polish army in April 1919. And from that time, the organisation can be considered to be Polish, which in no way could be said about the League run by Muckermann. Leaving Bolshevik captivity at the end of 1919 in an exceptional way, he became not only a famous Catholic activist in interwar Germany, but also a symbol of the Christian resistance to Nazism.

Justice in Western Political Thought (John Rawles model)

2019 ◽  
pp. 304
Author(s):  
Shtewi Abd Mutar
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
John Rawls ◽  
Political Thought ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Public Utility ◽  
The Public ◽  
Theory Of Justice ◽  
Public Beliefs

John Rawls is one of the most prominent Western philosophers of contemporary political thought in the 20th century. Through his writings he tried to establish the foundations on which the theory of justice was built in practice and in order to achieve and establish the foundations of justice among peoples. Justice is one of the most important values of civil society, The conflicts of individuals in all their colors and controls the laws of civil society and the construction of the theory is consistent with the results of the public beliefs of what is fair and what is not fair and makes this theory a pattern stands on what is said by the doctrine of public utility and the consequences of a process that can serve as a framework for social life valid and John Rawls believes that justice is the first virtue of social institutions, as is the truth of intellectual systems. Whatever the theory is elegant and economical, it has to be rejected if it is not so honest. The rules and institutions, however efficient and well-formed, must be reformed or revoked if they are unfair.

Nevalstiskās organizācijas kā vēstures skaidrojumu veidotājas un izplatītājas valsts varas vajadzībām Krievijā

2021 ◽  
pp. 55-64
Author(s):  
Inese Grumolte-Lerhe ◽  
◽  
Ainārs Lerhis ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
The State ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations

The aim of this article is to analyse the activity of agents of civil society – the non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in Russia, which create and disseminate the interpretations of historic milestones of the 20th century. The article demonstrates how factors, which have classically been regarded as characte-ristics for the civil society that is independent from direct interference of the state, become the tools directly controlled by the state. Thus, democratic and rational discussion on milestones of history is dis-torted. Several NGOs disseminate narratives elaborated and supported one-sidedly by the state while pre-sented as independent from it and thus – reliable and sound. The arguments put forward by these agents to justify their claims marginalize alternative views due to their imperative nature.

Populism and environmental (in)justice in Latin America

2020 ◽  
pp. 149-164
Author(s):  
Marcelo Lopes de Souza
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Social Justice ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
Environmental Justice ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
The Political ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter explores the relationship between populism and environmental justice in Latin America. It was not only within the framework of overtly dictatorial regimes during the 20th century that the struggles for social justice and human rights in Latin America faced severe obstacles and suffered setbacks. They have also been badly hampered by populism — both right-wing neo-populism with its component of intolerance and conservatism, and left-wing populism, which, by means of co-opting civil society, helps demobilise it and slow down or limit processes of awareness and radicalisation of democracy. The struggles for environmental justice are a crucial example of this. The chapter then addresses the main aspects of how left-wing neo-populism has undermined environmental justice in Latin America, and particularly in Brazil. It focuses more closely on the political and ideological consequences of left-wing populism's contradictions and failure in terms of a deepening of social tensions and struggles. The chapter argues that left-wing neo-populism has been ultimately part of the problem rather than of the solution.

scholarly journals The post-industrial English canalscape: from enclosure to enlacement

2021 ◽  
pp. 147447402110292
Author(s):  
Andrew Wallace ◽  
Katy Wright
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Urban Life ◽  
Entry Point ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
State Capital ◽  
Social Scientific ◽  
Scientific Attention ◽  
Post Industrial

In this article we explore how the English post-industrial canal has gone from enclosed and abandoned urban ruin to thriving but contested urban landscape. We contend that canals deserve closer social scientific attention in and of themselves but also as a creative entry point for understanding the instabilities and ambivalences of contemporary urban life. We probe at three dynamics in the English context: uneven cycles of attention from state, capital and civil society that ‘revealed’ the canal over the course of the 20th century; how the contemporary canalscape is made ‘from below’ and how its unique materiality as a stretched, socio-natural waterway has been mobilised, latterly, in biopolitical ways. We note how the cultivated meaning of these previously enclosed industrial relics is now deeply entwined with the mood and mobility of urban dwellers. Methodologically, we excavate these three dimensions through a synthesis of phenomenological attunement and analysis of historical, literary and social scientific accounts.

scholarly journals Challenges of the Polish local self-government in the context of the development of the civil society

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (57) ◽  
pp. 135-147
Author(s):  
Edyta Sokalska
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Public Participation ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Political Regime ◽  
Legislative Initiative ◽  
Public Consultations ◽  
Political Decisions

Political changes in Poland in the last two decades of the 20th century enabled the creation of a new political regime. The development of civil society in the 21st century has aroused curiosity concerning the instruments and forms that promote effective participation and deliberation in the field of local self-government and other areas. The perception of political decisions and their legitimization may be reinforced via the appropriate identification and application of some participatory instruments. Some legal institutions have been established and have been developed in order to increase the scope of civil society in local self-government (e.g., elections to the local authorities, referendums, and public consultations). The latest amendment, enacted on the 11th of January 2018, to the Polish local self-government acts is a step towards the reinforcement of public participation at the local level (the civil budget, participating in the debate on the report on the condition of the of local government unit, and the civil legislative initiative).

Networks for Cyberactivism and Their Implications for Policymaking in Brazil

Crowdsourcing ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 1363-1378
Author(s):  
Christiana Soares de Freitas ◽  
Isabela Nascimento Ewerton
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Strategic Planning ◽  
Political Participation ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
First Century ◽  
Digital Democracy ◽  
Political Outcomes ◽  
Twenty First Century

Networks for cyberactivism have been developed in Brazil since the end of the 20th century. This chapter presents results of a three-year research about networks for digital political participation developed by civil society. The research analyzed 41 networks according to specific analytical categories to deepen the understanding about their potential to foster citizens' engagement in political initiatives and strengthen democracy. Several mechanisms that considerably stimulate a culture of political participation were clearly observed. Possibilities for political acting through those networks tend to narrow the gap between citizens' claims and government actions but that is not always the case. There is a lack of synergy between citizens' demands and strategic planning of public policies and other political outcomes. Some hypotheses are discussed to understand this context and reflect on the trends and challenges to digital democracy in the twenty-first century.

Becoming hegemony: The case for the (Italian) animal advocacy and veganwashing operations

2020 ◽  
pp. 146954052092623
Author(s):  
Niccolo Bertuzzi
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Empirical Study ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Animal Rights ◽  
Hegemonic Discourse ◽  
Specific Event ◽  
Animal Advocacy ◽  
Passive Revolution ◽  
General Frames

Organized forms of animal advocacy date back to the final decades of the 20th century. Born in progressive political milieus, animal advocacy and especially the more radical positions of vegan and animal rights activists originally assumed anticapitalist and counter-hegemonic perspectives. More recently, however, the spreading of veganism among civil society has very often related to reasons of health or fashion, sometimes far from ethical or political motivations. In this article, this shift is analysed, based on an empirical study conducted among Italian animal advocates. Interest in non-human animals was originally located among more generic counter-hegemonic frames, but this recent shift gives more and more space to an a-political consumerist approach to veganism. In particular, adapting a Gramscian vocabulary, two different perspectives among Italian animal advocates are identified and described: passive revolution and war of position. They are presented both referring to general frames and in relation to a specific event, Expo2015 in Milan, which carried the caption ‘Feeding the planet, energy for life’, and was very much related to animal questions. In a similar way to greenwashing and pinkwashing operations, also veganwashing is assuming a central role within a capitalist hegemonic discourse.

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