Brown adipose tissue temperature responses following electrical stimulation of ventromedial hypothalamic and lateral preoptic areas or after norepinephrine infusion to long evans or sprague-dawley rats

1992 ◽  
Vol 575 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Hugie ◽  
I. Halvorson ◽  
J. Thornhill
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Tissue Temperature ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Norepinephrine Infusion ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Long Evans ◽  
Temperature Responses ◽  
Stimulation Of

Differences in brown adipose tissue thermogenic responses between Long-Evans and Sprague-Dawley rats

1992 ◽  
Vol 263 (1) ◽  
pp. R59-R69
Author(s):  
J. Thornhill ◽  
I. Halvorson
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Uncoupling Protein ◽  
Hypothalamic Nucleus ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sd Rats ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Long Evans ◽  
Thermogenic Capacity

Temperature experiments of 4- and 21 degrees C-acclimated conscious and anesthetized Sprague-Dawley (SD) and Long-Evans (LE) rats revealed that the LE groups or SD rats acclimated to 4 degrees C had significant increases in intracapsular brown adipose tissue (IBAT) temperature above core after ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMH) electrical stimulation or after norepinephrine (NE) infusion (50 micrograms/kg total dose), whereas IBAT temperatures of SD rats (acclimated to 21 degrees C) rose only after intravenous NE. Another study of 21- or 4 degrees C-acclimated SD rats revealed that only the 4 degrees C-acclimated group showed graded increases in IBAT temperature after VMH electrical stimulation as current amplitude or total current duration (not pulse frequency) of the electrical stimulus was increased. In vitro analysis of isolated IBAT tissues of age-matched anesthetized LE or SD rats acclimated to 21 degrees C showed that many indicators of thermogenic capacity including mitochondrial uncoupling protein were significantly lower in the SD group. The results demonstrate that lean male SD rats acclimated to 21 degrees C have suppressed IBAT temperature responses to VMH electrical stimulation compared with lean LE rats due to a reduced thermogenic capacity of that tissue.

Effect of NPY in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus on uncoupling proteins 1, 2, and 3 in the rat

2000 ◽  
Vol 278 (2) ◽  
pp. R494-R498 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. Kotz ◽  
C. F. Wang ◽  
J. E. Briggs ◽  
A. S. Levine ◽  
C. J. Billington
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Paraventricular Nucleus ◽  
Uncoupling Protein ◽  
Biceps Femoris ◽  
Hypothalamic Paraventricular Nucleus ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Biceps Femoris Muscle ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Specific Regulation

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) injected into the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) stimulates feeding and decreases uncoupling protein (UCP)-1 mRNA in brown adipose tissue (BAT). The present studies were undertaken to determine whether UCP-2 in white adipose tissue (WAT) and UCP-3 in muscle are regulated by NPY in the PVN. PVN-cannulated male Sprague-Dawley rats were injected with either saline or NPY (PVN, 117 pmol, 0.5 μl) every 6 h for 24 h. NPY in the PVN stimulated feeding and decreased UCP-1 mRNA in BAT independent of NPY-induced feeding. UCP-2 mRNA in WAT was unchanged by NPY. In acromiotrapezius muscle, NPY decreased UCP-3 mRNA, but this was reversed by restricting food intake to control levels. In biceps femoris muscle, NPY alone had no effect on UCP-3 mRNA, but UCP-3 mRNA was significantly increased in the NPY-treated rats that were restricted to control levels of intake. These results suggest that UCP-2 in WAT and UCP-3 in muscle are not subject to specific regulation by NPY in the PVN.

Electrical stimulation of the posterior and ventromedial hypothalamic nuclei causes specific activation of shivering and nonshivering thermogenesis

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Thornhill ◽  
I. Halvorson
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Posterior Hypothalamus ◽  
Hypothalamic Nucleus ◽  
Ventromedial Hypothalamic Nucleus ◽  
Hypothalamic Nuclei ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue Thermogenesis ◽  
Stimulation Of

Experiments were designed to determine in the same animal whether electrical stimulation of the posterior hypothalamus and ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus could specifically evoke shivering and nonshivering (brown adipose tissue) thermogenesis, respectively, in anesthetized, normothermic rats. Urethane-anesthetized, male Long–Evans rats, kept at 37 °C, had colonic (Tc), gastrocnemius muscle (Tm), intrascapular brown adipose tissue (TIBAT), and tail (Tt) temperatures measured via thermistor probes, and electromyogram activity (differential multiunit activity from bipolar recording electrodes within gastrocnemius muscle) recorded, before and after unilateral electrical stimulation (monophasic 0.5-ms pulses of 200 μA at 50 Hz for 30 s) of the posterior hypothalamus and ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (via stereotaxically implanted concentric stimulating electrodes). Each rat showed shivering (increased electromyogram activity) following posterior hypothalamic stimulation, which caused an immediate rise in Tm values with no change in TIBAT or Tt values. Electrical stimulation of the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus of the same animals elicited no shivering activity, but significant increases in TIBAT values occurred with no change in Tm or Tt values. Results confirm that stimulation of the posterior and ventromedial hypothalamic nuclei in rodents specifically activates shivering and nonshivering (brown adipose tissue) effector mechanisms, respectively, to raise core temperature.Key words: posterior hypothalamus, shivering thermogenesis, ventromedial hypothalamus, intrascapular brown adipose tissue thermogenesis.

scholarly journals Transgenerational Evaluation of Elateriospermum tapos Extracts on the Male Offspring of Obesity-Induced Sprague Dawley Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (10) ◽  
pp. 3045-3057
Author(s):  
Santhra Segaran Balan ◽  
Azrina Zainal Abidin ◽  
Kokila Vani Perumal ◽  
Nurul Husna Shafie ◽  
Maizaton Atmadini Abdullah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Male Offspring ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chow Diet ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Long Term Treatment

Obesity has been considered as a great public health concern, that has spread in both economic and poor resources countries. This study aimed to investigate the effect of Elateriospermum tapos supplementation on the male offspring of female obesity-induced Sprague Dawley (SD) rats at weaning and adult age. A total of thirty (30) female and fifteen (15) male Sprague Dawley rats (N=45) were purchased for this study. Of the 30 female rats, six (n=6) were randomly selected as the control group (CG) and fed separately with male on standard chow diet, while the remaining rats (n=24) were fed on a high-fat diet for 5 weeks. The obese group were further randomly divided into 4 groups, positive control group (PG), orlistat treatment (DG) at 200 mg/kg, treatment 1 (TX1, 200 mg/kg E. tapos seed) and treatment 2 (TX2, 200 mg/kg E. tapos shell) for 6 weeks. One male pup from each dam was culled at weaning (postnatal day 21 (PND21)) and adulthood (12 weeks). The liver, kidney, retroperitoneal white adipose tissue (RpWAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT) were collected for histopathological study. Serum lipid profiles, liver enzyme activities and creatinine were measured. The bodyweight of male offspring from treatment 1 (MTX1) and 2 (MTX2) was significantly lower (P<0.05) compare to MNG group. The RpWAT weight in MTX1 and MTX2 for adult offspring also were significantly lower (P<0.05) compared to MPG. The histopathological examination of liver in MCG, MDG, MTX1, and MTX2 showed normal hepatocytes while the MPG group showed the presence of ballooning cell and hypertrophy of adipocytes was also observed in MPG group compared to another group’s rat. The E. tapos extracts from the shell have greater therapeutic potential on maternal obesity in short and long term treatment.

Effects of 2, 5-Dimethoxy-4-Methylamphetamine (DOM, STP) on Successive Sensory Discrimination Behavior Maintained by Electrical Stimulation of the Brain Reinforcement in the Rat

1976 ◽  
Vol 38 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1083-1092 ◽  
Author(s):  
John H. Vincent ◽  
Irmingard I. Lenzer
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Discrimination Task ◽  
Lever Press ◽  
Behavioral Effects ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Response Latencies ◽  
Sensory Discrimination ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Stimulation Of

The effects of DOM (2, 5-dimethoxy-4-methylamphetamine) on behavior reinforced by electrical stimulation of the brain were observed in five male Sprague-Dawley rats. The animals were trained on a successive discrimination task: the SD interval lasted as long as it took the animal to make one lever-press; the SΔ interval was variable, with a mean duration of 60 sec. Following DOM administration, response latencies to the SD were longer during the first 75 min. and SΔ responding was augmented over the 2-hr. session. Gross behavioral effects such as hypokinesia and ataxia were observed for a large part of the session. While increased response latencies may be attributed to hypokinesia and ataxia, increases in SΔ responding reflect a breakdown of discrimination itself. Severe behavioral depression was not observed, suggesting that electrical stimulation of the brain may have counteracted the depressive effect of the amphetamine.

Long-Evans and Sprague-Dawley rats exhibit divergent responses to refeeding after caloric restriction

2005 ◽  
Vol 288 (6) ◽  
pp. R1468-R1476 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Evans ◽  
M. M. Messina ◽  
W. D. Knight ◽  
A. D. Parsons ◽  
J. M. Overton
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Caloric Restriction ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sd Rats ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Complete Restoration ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Long Evans ◽  
Strain Dependent ◽  
Stimulation Of

Mature male Sprague-Dawley (SD) and Long-Evans (LE) rats were instrumented with telemetry transmitters for measurement of heart rate (HR) and housed in room calorimeters for assessment of food intake and oxygen consumption (V̇o2) at standard laboratory temperatures (23°C) to examine physiological responses to caloric restriction (CR; 60% of baseline ad libitum calories for 2 wk) and refeeding. Ad libitum controls had stable food intake (84–88 kcal/day) and gained weight at rates of 3–4 g/day. Groups from both strains assigned to CR exhibited similar patterns of weight loss and reductions in V̇o2 and HR. Upon refeeding, SD rats exhibited a mild, transient hyperphagic response (1 day) accompanied by sustained suppression of V̇o2 and HR that remained evident 8 days after refeeding. In contrast, LE rats exhibited sustained daily hyperphagia that persisted 8 days after refeeding and was accompanied by a complete restoration of HR and V̇o2. The lower HR and V̇o2 observed during refeeding in SD rats were not due to reduced locomotor activity. The results reveal a strain-dependent divergent response to recovery from CR. We conclude that during recovery from CR, homeostatic stimulation of appetite or suppression of energy expenditure may occur selectively to restore body weight.

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