Diethylhomospermine, a synthetic polyamine analog, reduces the extent of acetic acid-induced colonic mucosal damage in rats

Abstract Background: Ulcerative colitis (UC)is a complex, chronic, immu ne-mediated inflammatory disease. The preclinical studies and assessment of UC drugs remain a major challenge. Dogs share similar environmental, genomic, anatomical, and intestinal physiologic features with humans. However, the model of UC in dogs is not understood and lacks systematic assessment. Methods: We developed a model for UC in the cross-bred dogs by different dose of acetic acid retention enema. Simultaneously, physiological pathologic indicators, including blood routine examination, inflammatory factor and colonoscopy, were monitored continuously for 14 days. Furthermore, olsalazine was used to treatment UC to evaluate the feasibility of the model. Results: The percentage of lymphocytes increases after induction UC by 10% acetic acid; C-reactive protein (CRP) and Cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2) are mainly inflammatory markers after induction UC by 10% or 7.5% acetic acid; acetic acid aggravates mucosal damage in a dose-dependent manner, and OLZ prevents 10% acetic acid-induced UC. The acetic acid concentration is controlled between 7.5 % and 10%, and the continuous damage of this model is 10 days.Conclusions: We suggest that cross-bred dogs represent a useful clinical model of UC, and it is suitable for translational research. Finally, we provide a model and dynamic endoscope atlas for UC in dogs.

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Corticosteroid pretreatment prevents small intestinal mucosal damage induced by acetic acid-perfusion model in rats

Gastroenterology ◽

10.1016/s0016-5085(00)81320-7 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 118 (4) ◽

pp. A1362

Author(s):

Ivan Ivan Pacheco ◽

Michiro Otaka ◽

Masaru Odashima ◽

Noriaki Konishi ◽

Isao Wada ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acetic Acid ◽

Mucosal Damage ◽

Perfusion Model ◽

Acid Perfusion ◽

Small Intestinal

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EFFECT OF ASIATIC MANGROVE (RHIZOPHORA MICRONATA) LEAVES EXTRACT AS ANALGESIC IN MALE ALBINO DDW MICE (MUS MUSCULUS L.) INDUCED BY 0,7% ACETIC ACID

Medical and Health Science Journal ◽

10.33086/mhsj.v5i2.2313 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Erika Widianingsih Nanuru ◽

Lestari Dewi ◽

Prajogo Wibowo

Keyword(s):

Acetic Acid ◽

Emotional Experience ◽

Mucosal Damage ◽

Gastric Mucosal Damage ◽

Control Group ◽

Rhizophora Mucronata ◽

Control Group Design ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Post Test ◽

The Difference

Background : Pain is an unpleasant emotional experience that illustrates ongoing tissue damage. Excessive use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs can cause peptic ulcer to gastric mucosal damage and perforation. Indonesia contains the largest area of mangrove forest in the world. There are 45 species of mangrove found and one of them is Asiatic Mangrove (Rhizophora mucronata). This type is easy to find and rich of alkaloids and flavonoids which can be used as analgesics. Method: This study used post-test only control group design. The number of mice that used was 25 mice, divided into 5 groups. Which were given different therapies aquadest 10mL/KgBW, acetosal 150 mg/KgBW, extract of Rhizophora mucronata 250 mg/KgBW, 500 mg/KgBW, and 1000 mg/kg bw. The pain was induced by 0,7% glacial acetic acid at a dose of 10 mL/KgBW. The writhes of the mice was being calculated with an interval of 10 minutes in 30 minutes. Result: The results of the analysis showed the decrease in writhes of mice in acetosal group dose 150 mg/kg bw, Rhizophora mucronata leaves extract dose 250 mg/kg bw, 500 mg/kg bw, and 1000 mg/kg bw. There was a significant difference in the results of the Mann-Whitney U test with p<0,05 in the aquadest group and the acetosal group with the Rhizophora mucronata leaves extract group dose 500 mg/kg bw, the difference between the acetosal group and the Rhizophora mucronata leaves extract group dose 250 mg/kg bw, and the difference between the Rhizophora mucronata leaves extract group dose 500 mg/kg bw and the Rhizophora mucronata leaves extract group dose 1000 mg/kg bw. Conclusion: Rhizophora mucronata leaves extract dose 500 mg/kg bw can provide analgesic effect and can reduce the writhing frequency in mice much better than acetosal group.

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AEGLE MARMELOS LEAF EXTRACT IS PROTECTIVE AGAINST EXPERIMENTALLY INDUCED ENTEROCOLITIS VIA ANTIOXIDANT MECHANISM

INDIAN DRUGS ◽

10.53879/id.52.06.10211 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 52 (06) ◽

pp. 5-10

Author(s):

K. G Mani ◽

◽

G. S Prasanna

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Acetic Acid ◽

Protective Effect ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Mucosal Damage ◽

Aegle Marmelos ◽

Antioxidant Mechanism ◽

Diethyl Ether Extract ◽

Key Factor ◽

Inflammatory Bowel

Oxidative stress is believed to be a key factor in the pathogenesis and perpetuation of the mucosal damage in inflammatory bowel disease. The investigation was envisaged to assess the protective effect of diethyl ether extract of leaves of Aegle marmelos Corr. (DEAM) in view of reported anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties in acetic acid-induced enterocolitis in albino Wistar rats. Enterocolitis was induced by intrarectal injection of acetic acid (5% V/V). The study comprised of five different groups consisting of six animals each and two doses [100, 200 mg / kg] were selected. The protective effect in the treatment group of animals was assessed by measuring levels of biomarkers of inflammation [MPO] and oxidative stress [CAT, SOD and GSH] in the inflamed colon and several physiological parameters. Significant and dose dependent changes in the levels of biomarkers of oxidative stress in DEAM treated animals was suggestive of the antioxidant-mechanism protective effect by Aegle marmelos.

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Role of capsaicin-sensitive afferent nerves in mucosal injury and injury-induced hyperemia in rat colon

AJP Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpgi.1992.262.2.g332 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 262 (2) ◽

pp. G332-G337 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

F. W. Leung

Keyword(s):

Acetic Acid ◽

Colonic Mucosa ◽

Mucosal Injury ◽

Mucosal Damage ◽

Rat Colon ◽

Mucosal Protection ◽

Reflectance Spectrophotometry ◽

Afferent Nerves ◽

Measuring Probe

Exposure of the colonic mucosa to 10% acetic acid results in ischemia and damage of the exposed mucosa and hyperemia in the adjacent unexposed and undamaged mucosa. We hypothesize that this hyperemia is mediated in part by capsaicin-sensitive afferent nerves, and absence of the hyperemia is associated with aggravation of damage in the exposed mucosa. In urethan-anesthetized rats, with the reflectance spectrophotometry probe in contact with the colonic mucosa, index of mucosal oxygen saturation (ISO2) was monitored before and for 5 min after 10% acetic acid was applied to the mucosa surrounding the measuring probe. Histological examination confirmed that the mucosa in contact with the measuring probe was undamaged, but the mucosa exposed to the 10% acetic acid was damaged. In the mucosa in contact with the reflectance spectrophotometry probe, a significant increase in ISO2 was observed in vehicle-pretreated rats, whereas a partial but significant reduction of such hyperemia was observed in capsaicin-pretreated rats. In the mucosa exposed to the 10% acetic acid, the depth of the mucosal lesion, but not the drop in ISO2, was significantly greater in the capsaicin-pretreated rats. The findings are consistent with the hypothesis that the colonic mucosal hyperemia in the undamaged mucosa adjacent to the mucosa damaged by the 10% acetic acid is mediated partially by capsaicin-sensitive afferent nerves. Attenuation of such hyperemia by capsaicin-pretreatment is associated with deeper mucosal damage, suggesting that the capsaicin-sensitive afferent nerves also contribute toward colonic mucosal protection against 10% acetic acid-induced injury in the exposed mucosa.

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The effect of malotilate, a derivative of malotilate and a flavenoid on eicosanoid production in inflammatory bowel disease in rats

Mediators of Inflammation ◽

10.1155/s0962935193000092 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 67-72 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

A. P. M. van Dijk ◽

J. H. P. Wilson ◽

F. J. Zijlstra

Keyword(s):

Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽

Acetic Acid ◽

Bowel Disease ◽

Mucosal Damage ◽

Suitable Model ◽

Eicosanoid Production ◽

Prostaglandin F ◽

Inflammatory Bowel ◽

Human Mucosa ◽

Inflammation Score

Acetic acid induced colitis in rats was used to investigate the effects of malotilate, a drug which has been shown to inhibit 5-1ipoxygenase in human macrophages, the malotilate derivate ZY16268 and the flavenoid ZY16369 on the eicosanoid production and the colonic morphology in inflammatory bowel disease. Acetic acid produced an acute inflammatory response in the colon, associated with a markedly raised inflammation score (15.8 vs. < 0.5), based on a seven-scaled scoring system which includes observation of haemorrhage, submucosal oedema, cellular infiltration, goblet cell depletion, loss of architecture, crypt abscesses and serosal involvement, of which every item was subdivided as mild, moderate and severe. Incubation of colonic mucosa from rats treated with arachidonic acid and stimulated with A23187 showed an increase of the cyclooxygenase product 12-hydroxy-heptadecatrienoic acid (HHT) and the 12-1ipoxygenase product (12-HETE) and a decrease in the formation of 6-keto-prostaglandin F1α(6kPGF1α) in comparison with normal rat mucosa. Malotilate, ZY16268 and ZY16369 all resulted in a decrease in HHT, leukotriene B4(LTB4)-like compounds and 12-hydroxyeicosaenoic acid (12-HETE) production. None of the tested compounds significantly reduced the colonic damage by acetic acid although the formation of 12-HETE was proportional to the histologically obtained inflammation score. There were marked differences in eicosanoid formation patterns between rat and human mucosa, both normal and inflamed. In view of the hyperacute nature of the mucosal damage and the marked differences in eicosanoid production, acetic acid induced colitis in rats is probably not a suitable model of ulcerative colitis in humans.

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The role of antioxidants and free radicals in the healing effects of Bacopa monniera on acetic acid-induced colitis in rats

International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology ◽

10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20174365 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 (10) ◽

pp. 2388 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Himanshu Sharma ◽

Saurabh Chauhan ◽

Punya Pratap Singh ◽

Raj K. Goel

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Body Weight ◽

Acetic Acid ◽

Free Radicals ◽

Plant Extract ◽

Mucosal Damage ◽

Control Group ◽

Bacopa Monniera ◽

Faecal Output ◽

Whole Plant

Background: The aim to study and elucidate the healing effects of ethanolic extract of dried whole plant of Bacopa monniera against experimental colitis in rats.Methods: Bacopa monniera whole plant extract was administered orally, once daily for 14 days, to rats after induction of colitis with acetic acid. We studied its effects on: faecal output, food and water intake, and body weight changes and also examined colonic mucosal damage, inflammation and status of antioxidants: superoxide dismutase, reduced glutathione; free radicals: nitric oxide, lipid peroxidation on 15th day of the experiment. Antibacterial activity of the extract was also studied using in vitro procedures. Statistical comparison was performed using either unpaired ‘t’ test or one -way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and for multiple comparisons versus control group was done by Dunnett’s test.Results: Bacopa monniera whole plant extract decreased colonic mucosal damage, inflammation, faecal output and increased body weight in acetic acid induced colitis. It also showed antibacterial activity and enhanced the antioxidant but decreased free radicals. Acute toxicity study indicated no mortality or other ANS or CNS related adverse effects even with ten time effective dose indicating its safety.Conclusions: Bacopa monniera whole plant extract is safe, effective and could be beneficial as a complementary agent in treatment of ulcerative colitis.

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THE STUDY OF FREE RADICALS TO EVALUATE THE HEALING EFFECTS OF PUNICA GRANATUM PEEL ON ACETIC ACID-INDUCED COLITIS IN RATS

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2022.v15i1.43894 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 66-68

Author(s):

ARPIT VERMA ◽

MANI GOEL ◽

SATYENDRA PRAJAPATI ◽

ANAND BHADKARIYA

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Lipid Peroxidation ◽

Acetic Acid ◽

Free Radicals ◽

Biochemical Parameters ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Punica Granatum ◽

Mucosal Damage ◽

Oral Route ◽

Effective Administration

Objective: The objective of the study was to analyze the effect of 50% ethanolic extract of the dried Punica granatum peel (PGE) on the healing of acetic acid-induced colitis in rats. Methods: Colitis was induced in rats using 50% acetic acid and then PGE extract was administered by oral route daily for 14 days to those rats. Optimal healing was observed by the administration of a 100 mg/kg dose of PGE extract. Effectiveness of the above-mentioned dosage of PGE on biochemical parameters, basically free radicals – nitric oxide and lipid peroxidation was studied on 18 hours fasting rats on the 15th day of the experiment. Results: The results were suggestive of the healing properties of PGE extract by reduction of the inflammation and mucosal damage in the colon of those rats. The healing effects were established by the estimation and study of free radicals taken from the mucosal samples of the rat’s colon. The safety of extract was established by the effective administration of 10 times the therapeutic dose, that is, 1000 mg/kg dosage of the PGE extract with no noticeable adverse effects or side effects related to ANS or central nervous system. Conclusion: PGE extract was found to be effective in healing mucosal damage due to colitis by controlling the infection and reducing the inflammation.

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Ectodesmata as Revealed By Freeze-Etch Preparations of Plant Epidermal Cell Walls

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100072782 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 31 ◽

pp. 468-469

Author(s):

N.C. Lyon ◽

W. C. Mueller

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Acetic Acid ◽

Nitric Acid ◽

Oxalic Acid ◽

Light Microscopy ◽

Epidermal Cell ◽

Cell Walls ◽

Plant Viruses ◽

Plant Leaves ◽

Thin Sections

Schumacher and Halbsguth first demonstrated ectodesmata as pores or channels in the epidermal cell walls in haustoria of Cuscuta odorata L. by light microscopy in tissues fixed in a sublimate fixative (30% ethyl alcohol, 30 ml:glacial acetic acid, 10 ml: 65% nitric acid, 1 ml: 40% formaldehyde, 5 ml: oxalic acid, 2 g: mecuric chloride to saturation 2-3 g). Other workers have published electron micrographs of structures transversing the outer epidermal cell in thin sections of plant leaves that have been interpreted as ectodesmata. Such structures are evident following treatment with Hg++ or Ag+ salts and are only rarely observed by electron microscopy. If ectodesmata exist without such treatment, and are not artefacts, they would afford natural pathways of entry for applied foliar solutions and plant viruses.

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