Adhesion testing by the scratch test method: the influence of intrinsic and extrinsic parameters on the critical load

Vacuum ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 501
Keyword(s):  
Critical Load ◽  
Scratch Test ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Adhesion Testing ◽  
Extrinsic Parameters ◽  
Intrinsic And Extrinsic Parameters

Degradation of coatings based on 310S steel doped with Al and Ir additives by the scratch test

Open Physics ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Kucharska
Keyword(s):  
Critical Load ◽  
Scratch Test ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Pvd Coatings ◽  
Coating Structure ◽  
Micro Cracks ◽  
Aluminium Addition

AbstractMechanical tests of PVD coatings made on steel 310S were carried out within this study by the scratch test method. It was found that the additions of Al and Ir caused lower critical load values compared to the coating without additions. Despite the reduction of the critical load of the coating by the aluminium addition, the effect of aluminium was considered advantageous owing to the refinement of the structure causing the coating to become more plastic and reducing the number and sizes of micro-cracks. The addition of iridium results in an embrittlement of the coating structure and its poorer adhesion to the substrate. Comparison of the findings from the scratch test with the observations from an optical and a scanning microscopes was also made.

A REVIEW ON ADHESION STRENGTH OF PEO COATINGS BY SCRATCH TEST METHOD

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (03) ◽  
pp. 1830004 ◽  
Author(s):  
HOSSEIN SHARIFI ◽  
MAHMOOD ALIOFKHAZRAEI ◽  
GHASEM BRATAI DARBAND ◽  
SUMAN SHRESTHA
Keyword(s):  
Critical Load ◽  
Adhesion Strength ◽  
Normal Load ◽  
Scratch Test ◽  
Electrolyte Composition ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Process Time ◽  
Plasma Electrolytic ◽  
Aluminum Substrates ◽  
Peo Coatings

Adhesion strength is one of the important properties that reflects the quality of a plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) coating. Scratch testing can be considered as an appropriate technique to evaluate the adhesion strength of PEO coatings on magnesium, titanium, and aluminum substrates. The scratch test is usually performed either under a constant or a progressively increasing normal load, where the critical load is used as a measure of adhesion strength of the coatings. In this review paper, the effect of different factors such as duration of coating processing, electrolyte composition, and processing current density, as well as different additives to the electrolyte bath, was studied on the adhesion strength of PEO coatings formed on magnesium, titanium, and aluminum substrates. It is understood that an optimum increase in process time and input energy leads to a corresponding increase in thickness of the PEO dense oxide layer and, consequently, an increase in critical load and adhesion strength. Moreover, the electrolyte composition and additives were found to affect the coating microstructure and composition and, subsequently, the coating adhesion strength.

Wire Adhesion Testing

1972 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. C. Coates ◽  
C. Lauer
Keyword(s):  
Bond Strength ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Material Strength ◽  
Basic Design ◽  
Rubber Compound ◽  
Reliable Test ◽  
Adhesion Testing ◽  
Rubber Compounds ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The results of this study are conclusive. The ASTM D-2229 Test Method is not a reliable test for measuring adhesion of wire cords to rubber compounds. However, by using the basic design and modifying it, an accurate measurement of bond strength on a macroscopic level can be obtained. This test is insensitive for all practical purposes to compound physical properties and changes in cord diameter and embedded length—for both stranded and rod-like cords. It is also possible with this test to calculate the amount of stress that is exerted on the surface of the wire cord to determine the relationship between failing stress and the material strength of the rubber compound. Properly used, this new test should give the compounder a better tool to study the adhesion of compounds to metal.

Nanomultilayer Coatings Based on Vanadium Nitride

2015 ◽  
Vol 237 ◽  
pp. 15-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerzy Smolik ◽  
Adam Mazurkiewicz ◽  
Zbigniew Słomka ◽  
Jan Bujak ◽  
Joanna Kacprzyńska-Gołacka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Composite Coatings ◽  
Multilayer Coating ◽  
High Hardness ◽  
Scratch Test ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Vanadium Nitride ◽  
Material Solution

Based on the analysis of the research directions in the field of coatings and layers with special operating properties, the production technologies of composite coatings, including the gradient, multi-layer, and multi-component coatings, should be distinct. The paper presents the results of material properties tests of a multi-layer coating Ti / TiN / TiAlNgradient / (TiAlN/VN)multinano obtained on hot working steel EN X32CrMoV3.3. The preparation of the multilayer coating was specially designed to increase the durability of forging dies in the brass forging process. The authors discuss the results of the microstructure tests for the obtained coatings (STEM+FIB) and present the hardness and Young's modulus as a function of the distance from the surface (nanoHardness Tester CSM) and the results of adhesion tests carried out using a scratch-test method. The obtained multilayer coatings were also subject to a tribological test using a tribometer tester by DUCOM. The authors indicate that the coatings based on vanadium nitride have very high hardness and Young's modulus (HV = 32–35 GPa, E = 420–450 GPa), a much lower coefficient of friction in combination with brass than steel, and a lower stability of these parameters at elevated temperatures. According to the authors, the coating represents an interesting material solution to increase the durability of forging dies in the process of brass forging.

Influence of Aging Processes on Adhesion Properties of Metallic and Oxidic Thin Films

1994 ◽  
Vol 356 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. Ottermann ◽  
Y. Tomita ◽  
M. Ishiyama ◽  
K. Bange
Keyword(s):  
Low Voltage ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Chemical Vapour ◽  
Scratch Test ◽  
Temperature Treatment ◽  
Fused Silica ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Film Stress ◽  
Aging Effects ◽  
Adhesion Properties

AbstractAdhesion of oxidic and metallic films with thicknesses between 40 nm and 350 nm has been investigated by means of a scratch-test method based on a vibrating diamond micro-indenter. SiO2 and TiO2 films are precipitated on fused silica substrates by sol-gel techniques (SG), reactive evaporation (RE), reactive low-voltage ion plating (IP), and plasma impulse chemical vapour deposition (PICVD), and Cr-layers are produced by rf magnetron sputtering (SP). The influence of aging effects on film adhesion is investigated in respect of several conditions, like storage under ambient surroundings with differences in relative humidity or temperature treatment. A method is presented allowing control of the long-term stability of the scratch-test conditions. Temperature treatment up to 600 °C is found to have the most significant impact on adhesion properties. Adhesion increases for some SiO2 films, whereas for TiO2 layers an opposite behavior is observed. Here, the adhesion of the originally amorphous titania films is reduced due to the phase transition to polycrystalline anatase, which correlates with a significant increase in film stress.

scholarly journals The Influence of Light Irradiation on the Photocatalytic Degradation of Organic Pollutants

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2494
Author(s):  
Alexandru Enesca ◽  
Luminita Isac
Keyword(s):  
Tin Oxide ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Photocatalytic Efficiency ◽  
Photocatalytic Process ◽  
Kinetic Evaluation ◽  
Conductive Substrate ◽  
Extrinsic Parameters ◽  
Total Irradiance ◽  
Overall Efficiency ◽  
Intrinsic And Extrinsic Parameters

The design of a photocatalytic process must consider intrinsic and extrinsic parameters affecting its overall efficiency. This study aims to outline the importance of balancing several factors, such as radiation source, total irradiance, photon flux, catalyst substrate, and pollutant type in order to optimize the photocatalytic efficiency. Titanium oxide was deposed by the doctor blade technique on three substrates (microscopic glass (G), flour-doped tin oxide (FTO), and aluminum (Al)), and the photocatalytic properties of the samples were tested on two pollutants (tartrazine (Tr) and acetamiprid (Apd)). Seven irradiation scenarios were tested using different ratios of UV-A, UV-B + C, and Vis radiations. The results indicated that the presence of a conductive substrate and a suitable ratio of UV-A and Vis radiations could increase the photocatalytic efficiency of the samples. Higher efficiencies were obtained for the sample Ti_FTO (58.3% for Tr and 70.8% for Apd) and the sample Ti_Al (63.8% for Tr and 82.3% for Apd) using a mixture of three UV-A and one Vis sources (13.5 W/m2 and 41.85 μmol/(m2·s)). A kinetic evaluation revealed two different mechanisms of reaction: (a) a one-interval mechanism related to Apd removal by Ti_FTO, Ti_Al (scenarios 1, 4, 5, and 7), and Ti_G samples (scenario 7) and (b) a two-interval mechanism in all other cases.

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