Ionic composition and distribution of myogen proteins in the tail muscle of fresh water crayfish

1976 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-105
Author(s):  
Jos A. Cox ◽  
Laure Kohler ◽  
Gilbert Benzonana
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Ionic Composition ◽  
Tail Muscle

Isotope geochemistry of stratified Lake "A," Ellesmere Island, N.W.T., Canada

1984 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 1008-1017 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. O. Jeffries ◽  
H. R. Krouse ◽  
M. A. Shakur ◽  
S. A. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Isotope Geochemistry ◽  
Ionic Composition ◽  
Ellesmere Island ◽  
Ocean Water ◽  
Cation Composition ◽  
Stratified Lake ◽  
Ion Concentrations ◽  
Different Depths

Ionic composition, salinity, temperature, pH, tritium, and stable isotope compositions of water and ions were determined for samples collected in 1969 and 1982 from different depths of stratified Lake "A" on Ellesmere Island. Tritium contents and ionic and stable isotope compositions were diagnostic of recent fresh water overlying older, deeper trapped seawater. A temperature maximum occurs at 15 m in the freshwater–seawater transition zone. Salinity, δ18O, and δD data suggest that the lake evaporated slightly and acquired about 12% fresh water prior to stratification. Individual ion concentrations reveal a slightly modified cation composition and marked depletions in sulphate and enrichments in dissolved carbonate compared with modern ocean water. The δ34S, δ18O, and δ13C data for [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] attest to extensive anaerobic [Formula: see text] reduction during the lake's history.

A note on the macrofauna of a temporary rainpool in semi-arid Western Australia

1975 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 425 ◽  
Author(s):  
WD Williams
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Ionic Composition ◽  
Semi Arid

The chemistry and macrofauna of a temporary rainpool on soft substrata near Kalgoorlie, Western Australia, are described. The ionic composition of the water was dominated by sodium and chloride and salinity was relatively high (5324 ppm). The fauna was depauperate and many faunal groups typical of fresh water were not recorded. Several groups often found in temporary localities were also not recorded, including chironomids. Insects (Hemiptera, Coleoptera, Diptera) dominated the fauna. Also present was a species of frog (larvae) and various crustaceans.

scholarly journals The Chemical Composition of the Blood of Some Aquatic Chordates, Including Members of the Tunicata, Cyclostomata and Osteichthyes

1954 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 424-442
Author(s):  
JAMES D. ROBERTSON
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Total Concentration ◽  
Ionic Composition ◽  
Marine Teleost ◽  
Sulphate Content ◽  
Bony Fishes ◽  
Concentration Of Ions ◽  
Fresh Water Teleost ◽  
Fish Kidney

1. Fairly complete analyses have been given of the blood of certain tunicates, cyclostomes, and bony fishes. 2. The plasma of the tunicates Phallusia mammillata and Salpa maxima closely resembles sea water in ionic composition, except for a very reduced sulphate content. Protein is less than 1 g./l. 3. The serum of Myxine glutinosa is isosmotic with sea water within about 1%. Every ion is regulated; sodium and phosphate exceed their respective values in sea water, and the remaining ions are lower, especially sulphate and magnesium. Two values for urea are 122 and 255 mg./kg. water, the higher figure being about 0.3% of the total concentration of ions and non-electrolytes. 4. The composition of the plasma of Lampetra fluviatilis from fresh water resembles that of Coregonus clupeoides, a fresh-water teleost. Muraena helena, a marine teleost, maintains a total concentration of ions about one-third that of sea water. It differs from fresh-water teleosts chiefly in maintaining much higher sodium and chloride concentrations. 5. The implications of the dichotomy in osmotic and ionic regulation of myxinoids and petromyzonts are considered, and also the glomerular nature of the cyclostome and fish kidney.

scholarly journals Osmotic and ionic regulation by hololimnetic freshwater crustaceans: a molecular role for gill ion transporters

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milene Mantovani ◽  
John Campbell McNamara
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Ionic Composition ◽  
Membrane Transporters ◽  
Transcription Level ◽  
Gene Expressions ◽  
Niche Diversity ◽  
Gene Transcription Level ◽  
Summary Statement ◽  
Osmotic Challenge ◽  
Osmoregulatory Ability

AbstractOwing to their extraordinary niche diversity, the Crustacea are ideal for comprehending the evolution of osmoregulation. The processes that effect systemic hydro-electrolytic homeostasis maintain hemolymph ionic composition via membrane transporters located in highly specialized gill ionocytes. We evaluated physiological and molecular hyper- and hypo-osmoregulatory mechanisms in two phylogenetically distant, freshwater crustaceans, the crab Dilocarcinus pagei and the shrimp Macrobrachium jelskii, when osmotically challenged for up to 10 days. When in distilled water, hemolymph osmolality and [Cl−] increased briefly in D. pagei, stabilizing at initial values, while [Na+] decreased continually. Gill V(H+)-ATPase, Na+/K+-ATPase and Na+/K+/2Cl− gene expressions were unchanged. In M. jelskii, hemolymph osmolality, [Cl−] and [Na+] decreased continually for 12 h, the shrimps no longer surviving. Gill transporter gene expressions increased 2- to 5-fold. After 10-days exposure to brackish water, D. pagei was isosmotic, iso-chloremic and iso-natriuremic. Gill V(H+)-ATPase expression decreased while Na+/K+-ATPase and Na+/K+/2Cl− expressions were unchanged. In M. jelskii, the hemolymph was hypo-regulated, particularly [Cl−]. Transporter expressions initially increased 3- to 12-fold, declining to control values. Gill V(H+)-ATPase expression underlies the ability of D. pagei to survive in fresh water while Na+/K+-ATPase and Na+/K+/2Cl− expressions enable M. jelskii to deal with osmotic challenge. These findings reveal divergent responses in two unrelated crustaceans habiting a similar osmotic niche. While D. pagei has maintained the capacity to tolerate elevated cellular isosmoticity despite its inability to secrete salt, M. jelskii displays clear hypo-osmoregulatory ability. Each species has developed distinct strategies at the transcription and systemic levels during adaptation to fresh water.Summary statementDuring their evolutionary adaptation to fresh water, unrelated hololimnetic crustaceans have developed physiological strategies like tolerating elevated cellular isosmoticity or regulating hypo-osmoregulatory ability at the gene transcription level.

scholarly journals Contrasting strategies of osmotic and ionic regulation in freshwater crabs and shrimps: gene expression of gill ion transporters

2020 ◽  
pp. jeb.233890
Author(s):  
Milene Mantovani ◽  
John Campbell McNamara
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Ionic Composition ◽  
Membrane Transporters ◽  
Transporter Gene ◽  
Gene Expressions ◽  
Freshwater Crabs ◽  
Niche Diversity ◽  
Osmotic Challenge ◽  
Dilocarcinus Pagei ◽  
Osmoregulatory Ability

Owing to their extraordinary niche diversity, the Crustacea are ideal for comprehending the evolution of osmoregulation. The processes that effect systemic hydro-electrolytic homeostasis maintain hemolymph ionic composition via membrane transporters located in highly specialized gill ionocytes. We evaluated physiological and molecular hyper- and hypo-osmoregulatory mechanisms in two phylogenetically distant, freshwater crustaceans, the crab Dilocarcinus pagei and the shrimp Macrobrachium jelskii, when osmotically challenged for up to 10 days. When in distilled water, D. pagei survived without mortality, hemolymph osmolality and [Cl−] increased briefly, stabilizing at initial values, while [Na+] decreased continually. Gill V(H+)-ATPase, Na+/K+-ATPase and Na+/K+/2Cl− gene expressions were unchanged. In M. jelskii, hemolymph osmolality, [Cl−] and [Na+] decreased continually for 12 h, the shrimps surviving only around 15 to 24 h exposure. Gill transporter gene expressions increased 2- to 5-fold. After 10-days exposure to brackish water (25 ‰S), D. pagei was isosmotic, iso-chloremic and iso-natriuremic. Gill V(H+)-ATPase expression decreased while Na+/K+-ATPase and Na+/K+/2Cl− expressions were unchanged. In M. jelskii (20 ‰S), hemolymph was hypo-regulated, particularly [Cl−]. Transporter expressions initially increased 3- to 12-fold, declining to control values. Gill V(H+)-ATPase expression underlies the ability of D. pagei to survive in fresh water while V(H+)- and Na+/K+-ATPase and Na+/K+/2Cl− expressions enable M. jelskii to confront hyper/hypo-osmotic challenge. These findings reveal divergent responses in two unrelated crustaceans inhabiting a similar osmotic niche. While D. pagei does not secrete salt, tolerating elevated cellular isosmoticity, M. jelskii exhibits clear hypo-osmoregulatory ability. Each species has evolved distinct strategies at the transcriptional and systemic levels during its adaptation to fresh water.

scholarly journals Influence of water mineralization and dissolved main cations on survival, size and seismosensory characteristics of perch fry (Perca fluviatilis L.)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.G. Kotegov
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Ionic Composition ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Perca Fluviatilis ◽  
Water Mineralization ◽  
Mineralized Water ◽  
Influence Of Water ◽  
Oxygen Conditions ◽  
Hydrochemical Conditions

Within two months the growing of the perch fry Perca fluviatilis L. carried out in the aquarium experiment. Fertilized eggs of this fish species were taken from the spawning ground of a small and unpolluted natural reservoir and placed in laboratory conditions for subsequent incubation under different hydrochemical conditions. Experimental groups of perch were created in two replicates that developed under control conditions with a water salinity of 160 mg/l, under conditions of fresh water diluted to 100 mg/l, and under conditions with water whose salinity was increased relative to the control to 400 mg/l in three different ways - by adding calcium, magnesium or sodium chloride salts. Temperature, light, and oxygen conditions for growing fry in all groups were the same. The perch larvae were fed first with small natural zooplankton, then with artificially grown nauplia of Artemia; perch fry - with tubificid from vermiculture. The average survival rates of late larvae and early fry of perch in the second half of the experiment were maximal in the groups that developed under hydrochemical conditions with the addition of Na+ and Mg2+ (73% and 67%), and minimal in the groups that developed in the least mineralized water (46%). At the end of the experiment, the surviving fry from the groups affected by the increased content of sodium chloride had statistically significantly (p < 0.05) larger linear sizes than the fry from the control groups and groups that developed in the least mineralized water. Perch fry from the groups affected by increased concentrations of Ca2+ were characterized by a statistically significant (p < 0.05) smaller number of pores in the infraorbital and mandibular seismosensory canals of the head, compared with fry formed in conditions of least water mineralization and the minimal content of this main cation in it. Thus, salinity values and features of the ionic composition of fresh water can significantly affect the development of perch fry, which should be taken into account when breeding it in aquaculture.

The Role of the Interaction between Fe(III) and Cell Surface in the Accumulation of 67Ga by Tumor Cells

1991 ◽  
Vol 30 (06) ◽  
pp. 290-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Maleki ◽  
A. Martinezi ◽  
M. C. Crone-Escanye ◽  
J. Robert ◽  
L. J. Anghileri
Keyword(s):  
Cell Surface ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Ionic Composition ◽  
Iron Complex ◽  
Iron Binding ◽  
Complex Time ◽  
Interaction Product ◽  
Thermodynamic Constant ◽  
Number Of Cells

The study of the interaction between complexed iron and tumor cells in the presence of 67Ga-citrate indicates that a phenomenon of iron-binding related to the thermodynamic constant of stability of the iron complex, and a hydrolysis (or anion penetration) of the interaction product determine the uptake of 67Ga. The effects of various parameters such as ionic composition of the medium, nature of the iron complex, time of incubation and number of cells are discussed.

Factors Influencing the Separation of Glu-Plasminogen Affinity Forms I and II by Affinity Chromatography

1984 ◽  
Vol 52 (03) ◽  
pp. 347-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daan W Traas ◽  
Bep Hoegee-de Nobel ◽  
Willem Nieuwenhuizen
Keyword(s):  
Affinity Chromatography ◽  
Dissociation Constants ◽  
Ionic Composition ◽  
Chloride Ions ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Human Plasminogen

SummaryNative human plasminogen, the proenzyme of plasmin (E. C. 3.4.21.7) occurs in blood in two well defined forms, affinity forms I and II. In this paper, the feasibility of separating these forms of human native plasminogen by affinity chromatography, is shown to be dependent on two factors: 1) the ionic composition of the buffer containing the displacing agent: buffers of varying contents of sodium, Tris, phosphate and chloride ions were compared, and 2) the type of adsorbent. Two adsorbents were compared: Sepharose-lysine and Sepharose-bisoxirane-lysine. Only in the phosphate containing buffers, irrespective of the type of adsorbent, the affinity forms can be separated. The influence of the adsorbent can be accounted for by a large difference in dissociation constants of the complex between plasminogen and the immobilized lysine.

Aplikasi metode tahanan jenis dalam studi geologi karst Gua Seropan di Gunung Kidul, Yogyakarta

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-116
Author(s):  
Pulung A. Pranantya ◽  
Nurlia Sadikin
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Resistivity Method ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Underground River ◽  
Initial Exploration

In terms of geology, most areas in south of the Gunungkidul District in Central Java consist of the Wonosari formation limestone. The land is generally very dry and source of raw water is also difficult to reach. Findings on the existence of underground river in caves, however, indicate the potential amount of water within the area, especially in the eastern part of the Gunungkidul District. Although limited information available, some fishermen have discovered that Seropan cave contains fresh water source. This cave is situated at 65 m below the cliff. Initial exploration, which done using a multichannel resistivity method, confirmed the availability of freshwater in the cave and underground river. The isopach of cave depth is found in ranges of 80 200 m below the ground surface. The water of Seropan cave can be utilized by implementing pipeline or by drilling at the suggested point based on the interpretation results, i.e. 110o2223.6388 EL 8o42.874 SL. [DY1][PP2][DY1]Perbaiki grammarIn terms of geology, most areas in south of Gunungkidul District in Central Java consist of the Wonosari formation limestone. The land is generally very dry and source of raw water is also difficult to reach. Findings on the exixtence of underground river in caves, however, indicate potential amount of water within the area especially in eastern part of Gunungkidul District. Although limited information available, some fishermans has discovered that Seropan cave contain fresh water source. This cave is situated at 65 m below the cliff. Initial exploration, which done using multichannel resistivity method, confirmed the availability of freshwater in the cave and underground river. The iso pach of cave depth is found in ranges of 80 200 m below the ground surface. The water of Seropan cave can be utilized by implementing pipeline or by drilling at the suggested point based on the interpretation results i.e. 110o2223.6388 EL 8o42.874 SL.[PP2]Sudah diperbaiki

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document