Body Composition and Cognitive Function

2015 ◽  
pp. 243-250
Author(s):  
Rainer Wirth ◽  
Christine Smoliner
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Cognitive Function

Effects of ICT-based Multi-Cognition Program on Body Composition and Cognitive Function in Elder Adults: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Study (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Du-Ri Kim ◽  
Seunghwan Song ◽  
Gwon-Min Kim ◽  
Jae Hyeok Chang ◽  
Young Jin Tak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Information And Communication Technology ◽  
Communication Technology ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
Disease Assessment ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Elder Adults

BACKGROUND Although the elderly have more time and exercise opportunities compared to other age groups, they tend to be inactive and passive towards exercise, resulting in low actual exercise rates. Furthermore, simple repetitive exercise programs fail to engage the elderly to continuously exercise because these programs do not induce their interest or meet their expectations. Meanwhile, information and communication technology (ICT)-based training devices for elderly care related to dementia are being developed to enhance the cognitive functions of elder adults. For elder adults who require bicycle training devices can not only improve muscle strength and balance of lower limbs by continuously contracting and relaxing lower-limb muscles but also improve cognitive function to help prevent dementia. OBJECTIVE This study was conducted to investigate the effects of an information and communication technology (ICT)-based multi-cognition program on body composition and cognitive function in elder adults. METHODS In a randomized controlled intervention test on 20 people over the age of 60 (exercise group: n = 10; control: n = 10), the multi-cognition program was applied on the exercise group twice per week, once per day for 12 weeks, at 30 min per session, whereas the control group was advised to maintain their usual daily activities. RESULTS A comparison of changes in body composition and cognitive function before and after intervention exhibited statistically significant differences in skeletal muscle mass (P=.01) and modified Alzheimer’s disease assessment scale–cognitive score (P=.01) between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS It can be difficult to be engaged in a simple repetitive exercise program. Therefore, to meet the interest and expectations of elder adults, a customized ICT-based multi-cognition program, which can improve body composition and cognitive function in elder adults and is believed to be helpful in the prevention of dementia, is recommended. CLINICALTRIAL UMIN000042129

scholarly journals Malnutrition assessment methods in adult patients with tuberculosis: a systematic review

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. e049777
Author(s):  
Lies ter Beek ◽  
Mathieu S Bolhuis ◽  
Harriët Jager-Wittenaar ◽  
René X D Brijan ◽  
Marieke G G Sturkenboom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Assessment Methods ◽  
International Consensus ◽  
Consensus Definition ◽  
Tb Treatment ◽  
Registration Number ◽  
Definition Of

ObjectivesMalnutrition is associated with a twofold higher risk of dying in patients with tuberculosis (TB) and considered an important potentially reversible risk factor for failure of TB treatment. The construct of malnutrition has three domains: intake or uptake of nutrition; body composition and physical and cognitive function. The objectives of this systematic review are to identify malnutrition assessment methods, and to quantify how malnutrition assessment methods capture the international consensus definition for malnutrition, in patients with TB.DesignDifferent assessment methods were identified. We determined the extent of capturing of the three domains of malnutrition, that is, intake or uptake of nutrition, body composition and physical and cognitive function.ResultsSeventeen malnutrition assessment methods were identified in 69 included studies. In 53/69 (77%) of studies, body mass index was used as the only malnutrition assessment method. Three out of 69 studies (4%) used a method that captured all three domains of malnutrition.ConclusionsOur study focused on published articles. Implementation of new criteria takes time, which may take longer than the period covered by this review. Most patients with TB are assessed for only one aspect of the conceptual definition of malnutrition. The use of international consensus criteria is recommended to establish uniform diagnostics and treatment of malnutrition.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42019122832.

scholarly journals Relación de la composición corporal, las cualidades físicas y funciones cognitivas en estudiantes de educación física (Relation between body composition, physical qualities, and cognitive function in students of physical education)

Retos ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 103-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Maureira Cid ◽  
Patricia Bravo Rojas ◽  
Nicolas Aguilera Godoy ◽  
Valentina Bahamondes Acevedo ◽  
Carlos Véliz Véliz
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Cognitive Test ◽  
Attention And Memory ◽  
Cognitive Tests ◽  
Physical Variables ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Cognitive Test Performance

Existen resultados controversiales sobre la relación de la antropometría, las cualidades físicas y el rendimiento en pruebas cognitivas. En tanto, algunos trabajos muestran relación entre el IMC, el porcentaje de grasa o la capacidad aeróbica con la atención, memoria o control inhibitorio, otros no muestran relaciones significativas. El objetivo del presente estudio fue relacionar la composición corporal, las cualidades físicas, la inteligencia, la atención y la memoria en una muestra constituida por 125 estudiantes que cursan la carrera de pedagogía en educación física. Al total de la muestra se le evalúo las cualidades físicas y funciones cognitivas y a 50 estudiantes se les realizó el estudio antropométrico. Los resultados no muestran diferencias en los resultados de las funciones cognitivas según sexo, pero los varones presentan mayores índices en las cualidades físicas, en masa muscular y en diámetros antropométricos, y las damas presentan mayores índices en pliegues cutáneos. También se encontraron relaciones bajas entre la potencia de brazos y piernas con la inteligencia y la atención sostenida, en tanto, la memoria y la atención selectiva no presentaron relación con ninguna de las variables físicas evaluadas. Estos resultados son similares a otras investigaciones antropométricas y de cualidades físicas en estudiantes de educación física. La relación con variables cognitivas es coherente con trabajos anteriores, asumiendo que una mejor condición física permite una mejor irrigación sanguínea, aumento de la vascularización, neurogénesis y sinaptogénesis, lo cual puede influenciar en la mejora en pruebas cognitivas.Abstract. Controversial results are shown on the relation between anthropometry, physical qualities, and performance in cognitive tests. While some works pinpoint the relation of BMI, percentage of fat, or aerobic capacity with attention, memory, or inhibitory control, others do not find significant relations. The aim of the present study was to relate body composition, physical qualities, intelligence, attention, and memory. The sample was constituted by 125 students enrolled in the undergraduate program of pedagogy in physical education. Physical qualities and cognitive functions were assessed in the whole sample, whereas 50 students also carried out anthropometric evaluations. No differences were found in cognitive function by gender; however, males presented higher indexes in physical qualities, in muscular mass, and in anthropometric diameters, whereas females presented higher indexes in cutaneous folds. Also, low relations were found between arm and leg power and intelligence and supported attention, whilst memory and selective attention did not show any relation with any of the physical variables evaluated. Our outcomes are similar to those from previous research on anthropometry and physical qualities in students of physical education. The relation with cognitive variables is coherent with previous works, assuming that a better physical condition allows a better blood irrigation, increase of the vascularization, neurogenesis and synaptogenesis, which can determine an improvement in cognitive test performance.

scholarly journals Impact of Different Aquatic Exercise Programs on Body Composition, Functional Fitness and Cognitive Function of Non-Institutionalized Elderly Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (17) ◽  
pp. 8963
Author(s):  
Carlos Farinha ◽  
Ana Maria Teixeira ◽  
João Serrano ◽  
Hélder Santos ◽  
Maria João Campos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Functional Fitness ◽  
Elderly Adults ◽  
Exercise Programs ◽  
Institutionalized Elderly ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Randomized Controlled

Aquatic physical exercise programs have become progressively more popular among elderly people. Some of the major physical exercise program disadvantages on land are minimized due to the specific properties of the aquatic environment. The purpose of the present randomized controlled study is to verify the effects of different aquatic physical exercise programs on body composition, functional fitness and cognitive function in non-institutionalized elderly people. For this study, 102 elderly individuals were randomly allocated into four different groups: AerG (n = 25, 71.44 ± 4.84 years); IntG (n = 28, 72.64 ± 5.22 years); ComG (n = 29, 71.90 ± 5.67 years) and CG (n = 20, 73.60 ± 5.25 years). Individuals from the groups AerG, IntG and ComG participated in three different aquatic physical exercise programs for a period of 28 weeks. The CG participants kept to their usual routines. All participants were evaluated for body composition, functional fitness and cognitive function at two time moments, i.e., pre- (M1) and post-intervention (M2). Significant differences for body composition were found between M1 and M2 for FM (p < 0.001), LBM (p < 0.001) and WCir (p < 0.01) in the AerG, for BMI (p < 0.05), FM (p < 0.05), LBM (p < 0.001) and LCir-R (p < 0.05) in the IntG, and for WGT (p < 0.01), FM (p < 0.05), LBM (p < 0.01), LCir-R (p < 0.05) and LCir-L (p < 0.01) in the ComG groups. For functional fitness, differences were found between M1 and M2 for 2m-ST (p < 0.000), 30s-CS (p < 0.000), 30s-AC (p < 0.05), HG-T-R (p < 0.000) and HG-T-L (p < 0.000) in the AerG, for 2m-ST (p < 0.05), BS-R (p < 0.05), 30s-CS (p < 0.000), 30s-AC(p < 0.01), HG-T-R (p < 0.000) and HG-T-L (p < 0.000) in the IntG, and for 30s-CS (p < 0.000), HG-T-R (p < 0.000) and HG-T-L (p < 0.000) in the ComG groups. The present study evidenced the beneficial effects of physical exercise in an aquatic environment on body composition, functional fitness and cognitive function in non-institutionalized elderly adults. The ComG water-based exercise program showed more beneficial effects in the improvement of body composition and cognitive function variables, while the IntG and AerG programs were more effective in the improvement of functional fitness.

Association of body composition with functional capacity and cognitive function in older adults living in nursing homes

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pinelopi Stavrinou ◽  
George Aphamis ◽  
Eleni Andreou ◽  
Marios Pantzaris ◽  
Christoforos Giannaki
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Nursing Home ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Nursing Homes ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Functional Capacity ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Nursing Home Residents ◽  
Sit To Stand

Objective: Older adults living in nursing homes have an increased risk of adverse outcomes. However, the role of body composition in vital health and quality of life parameters such as functional capacity and cognitive function is less studied in this group of older adults compared to community-dwelling counterparts. Objective: The aim of the present study was to examine the association of body composition with functional capacity and cognitive function in nursing home residents. Methods: Fifty-three older adults (82.8±7.3 years) were enrolled in this study and they underwent body composition evaluation, functional capacity and cognitive function measurements. Results: The results showed a high prevalence of obesity accompanied by functional capacity limitations and cognitive impairment in older adults living in nursing homes. Partial correlations, controlling for age, showed that body fat percentage was positively correlated with sit-to-stand-5 (r=0.310, p=0.025) and timed-up-and-go (r=0.331, p=0.017), and negatively correlated with handgrip strength test results (r=-0.431, p<0.001), whereas greater lean body mass was associated with better sit-to-stand-5 (r=-0.410, p=0.003), handgrip strength (r=0.624, p<0.001) and cognitive function performance (r=0.302, p=0.037). Conclusions: These important associations reinforce the need to develop effective healthy lifestyle interventions targeting both lean mass and body fat to combat functional and cognitive decline in nursing home residents.

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