Valorization of waste and by-products from food industries through the use of innovative technologies

Nephelium lappaceum and its by-products have great potential in the agricultural, pharmaceutical, and food industries. Some studies have shown that N. lappaceum by-products exhibit antimicrobial, antioxidant, antidiabetic, and anticancer properties. However, studies focused on identifying these compounds are rare. The availability of polyphenolic compounds can vary according to environmental conditions, soil, plant variety, and agronomic management. Therefore, in this study, the active compounds in extracts of the N. lappaceum peel were identified, and their antioxidant properties were evaluated using various extraction solvents and both ultrasonic and boiling extraction techniques. The chemical characterization of the N. lappaceum peel exhibited carbohydrate and reducing sugar contents of 12 and 2%, respectively. Phytochemical analysis indicated the presence of flavonoids, tannins, terpenes, and steroids. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents and total antioxidant capacity were the highest in the hydroethanolic extract obtained by ultrasound, with values of 340 mg gallic acid equivalents g−1, 76 mg quercetin equivalents g−1, and 2.9 mmol of Trolox equivalents g−1, respectively. Contrarily, the total anthocyanin content was higher in the acid extract obtained by ultrasound, with a value of 0.7 mg cyanidin-3-O-glucoside equivalents g−1. A total of 18 compounds—including hydroxybenzene, phenolic acid, flavonoids, fatty acids (saturated, unsaturated, and ester), vitamin, arenecarbaldehyde, and phthalate—were identified for the first time in the N. lappaceum peel using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The identified compounds have been previously isolated from other plants and reportedly exhibit anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antioxidant activities. Thus, the N. lappaceum peel was shown to be a potential source of bioactive compounds of immense importance in the pharmacological and food industries.

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Agro-industrial fruit co-products in Colombia, their sources and potential uses in processed food industries: a review

Revista Facultad Nacional de Agronomía Medellín ◽

10.15446/rfnam.v68n2.50993 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 68 (2) ◽

pp. 7729-7742 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Miguel Ángel Alarcón García ◽

Jairo Humberto López Vargas ◽

Diego Alonso Restrepo Molina

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Environmental Pollution ◽

Dietary Fiber ◽

Natural Antioxidant ◽

Processed Foods ◽

Processed Food ◽

Food Industries ◽

High Interest ◽

Food Matrices ◽

By Products

Fruit agribusinesses generate large amounts of by-products with diverse characteristics that are inherent to the fruits from which they come, which are a source of great use potential because their compositions include molecules that are currently of high interest (antioxidants and dietary fiber). It is clear that, without correct handling and disposal, theses fruits present a problem due to the environmental pollution that large quantities of residues can generate. Although there are varied uses for agro-industrial co-products, this review focused on the potential uses that co-products could have in different processed food matrices. In this sense, this paper led to the revelation that one of the principal objectives of the reviewed research was to condition co-products for use in processed foods in an attempt to take advantage of the bio-active compounds they contain, principally the natural antioxidant activity, which especially enjoys acceptance by consumers of processed foods.

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Efficacy of Different Waste and By-Products from Forest and Food Industries in the Removal/Retention of the Antibiotic Cefuroxime

Processes ◽

10.3390/pr9071151 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (7) ◽

pp. 1151

Author(s):

Raquel Cela-Dablanca ◽

Carolina Nebot ◽

Lucia Rodríguez López ◽

David Fernández-Calviño ◽

Manuel Arias-Estévez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Environmental Pollution ◽

Environmental Contamination ◽

Wood Ash ◽

Mussel Shell ◽

Food Industries ◽

Eucalyptus Leaves ◽

Batch Type ◽

Adsorption Data ◽

Langmuir And Freundlich Models ◽

By Products

Environmental pollution due to antibiotics is a serious problem. In this work, the adsorption and desorption of the antibiotic cefuroxime (CFX) were studied in four by-products/residues from the forestry and food industries. For this, batch-type experiments were carried out, adding increasing concentrations of CFX (from 0 to 50 µmol L−1) to 0.5 g of adsorbent. The materials with a pH higher than 9 (mussel shell and wood ash) were those that presented the highest adsorption percentages, from 71.2% (23.1 µmol kg−1) to 98.6% (928.0 µmol kg−1). For the rest of the adsorbents, the adsorption was also around 100% when the lowest concentrations of CFX were added, but the percentage dropped sharply when the highest dose of the antibiotic was incorporated. Adsorption data fitted well to the Langmuir and Freundlich models, with R2 greater than 0.9. Regarding desorption, the materials that presented the lowest values when the highest concentration of CFX was added were wood ash (0%) and mussel shell (2.1%), while pine bark and eucalyptus leaves presented the highest desorption (26.6% and 28.6%, respectively). Therefore, wood ash and mussel shell could be considered adsorbents with a high potential to be used in problems of environmental contamination by CFX.

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Physicochemical Properties of Chitosan from Two Commonly Reared Edible Cricket Species, and Its Application as a Hypolipidemic and Antimicrobial Agent

Polysaccharides ◽

10.3390/polysaccharides2020022 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 339-353

Author(s):

Morgan Malm ◽

Andrea M. Liceaga

Keyword(s):

Foodborne Pathogens ◽

Binding Capacity ◽

The United States ◽

Lipid Binding ◽

Acheta Domesticus ◽

Human Consumption ◽

Food Industries ◽

Alternative Sources ◽

Chitin And Chitosan ◽

By Products

Insect-derived chitin and chitosan have gained interest as alternative sources to that derived from crustaceans; however, little information is available on chitin from the house cricket (Acheta domesticus) and tropical banded cricket (Gryllodes sigillatus), two cricket species commonly reared in the United States for human consumption. In this study, chitin was successfully isolated and purified from these two cricket species; using FTIR, chitins were found to be in alpha-crystalline form. Cricket chitosan was produced from both species with varying degrees of deacetylation (DDA) by varying alkaline conversion duration. G. sigillatus chitosan was larger (524 kDa) than A. domesticus chitosan (344 kDa). Both cricket chitosans showed similar (p > 0.05) lipid-binding capacity to that of shrimp chitosan. Both chitosans were as effective at inhibiting microbial growth of surrogate foodborne pathogens as the commercial shrimp chitosan. At a concentration of 0.50 mg/mL cricket chitosan, approximately 100% of Listeria innocua growth was inhibited, due to a contribution of both chitosan and the solvent-acetic acid. At the same concentration, growth of Escherichia coli was inhibited 90% by both cricket chitosan samples with ~80% DDA, where a decrease in the DDA led to decreased antimicrobial activity. However, varying the DDA had no effect on chitosan’s lipid-binding capacity. As more edible insects become a normalized protein source in our diet, the use of by-products, such as chitin and chitosan, derived from insect protein processing, show promising applications for the pharmaceutical and food industries.

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Pan bread quality as affected by some nano and fermented-nano food industries by-products

Bulletin of the National Research Centre ◽

10.1186/s42269-020-00315-x ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 44 (1) ◽

Author(s):

El-Sayed I. Yousif ◽

Attia A. Yaseen ◽

Abdel-Fatah A. Abdel-Fatah ◽

Abdel-Hafeez A. Shouk ◽

Mohamed G. Gadlla ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bread Quality ◽

Food Industries ◽

Pan Bread ◽

By Products

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Olive mill wastewater biological treatment by fungi biomass

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2007.311 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 55 (10) ◽

pp. 89-97 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

S. Caffaz ◽

C. Caretti ◽

M. Morelli ◽

C. Lubello ◽

E. Azzari

Keyword(s):

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Olive Oil ◽

Biological Treatment ◽

Batch Reactor ◽

Food Industries ◽

Olive Mill Wastewaters ◽

Biomass Activity ◽

The One ◽

By Products ◽

Olive Mill

Olive oil extraction is one of the most important traditional food industries in the Mediterranean region, especially in Italy. In addition to olive oil, this industry produces by-products, in particular olive mill wastewaters (OMWs) and olive husks, which represent a serious environmental problem. OMWs can be rarely treated in a municipal WWTP, using conventional wastewater treatments. A novel biological process has to be considered in order to treat OMWs. Literature data show that yeasts and different kinds of fungi are able to reduce both the organic and the phenolic content of the OMW. The present work is aimed at investigating the growth of a biomass rich in fungi in a batch reactor filled with OMW and its capacity to degrade the organic and phenolic load. The aerobic OMW degradation obtained using this biomass reached a COD and TP removal efficiency of 86 and 70%, respectively. Respirometric tests have been carried out in order to measure the biomass activity on different substrates: OMW and phenolic compounds (gallic and p-coumaric acids). The polyphenolic biodegradation efficiency of fungi biomass was higher than the one of a non-acclimated activated sludge biomass. Fungi biomass was able to completely degrade pure phenolic compounds.

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Consumer Perception of the Circular Economy Concept Applied to the Food Domain: An Exploratory Approach

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su132011340 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (20) ◽

pp. 11340

Author(s):

Pedro Manuel Sousa ◽

Maria João Moreira ◽

Ana Pinto de de Moura ◽

Rui Costa Lima ◽

Luís Miguel Cunha

Keyword(s):

Circular Economy ◽

Word Association ◽

Principal Component ◽

Food Products ◽

Great Difficulty ◽

Clear Understanding ◽

Food Ingredients ◽

Food Industries ◽

Perceptual Maps ◽

By Products

Every year, agri-food industries in industrialised countries produce approximately 1.3 billion tonnes of food loss and waste. The adoption of a circular economy policy has received special attention by the agri-food industries, allowing for the creation and development of new food products made of by-products that would otherwise be wasted or used for secondary applications. The present work, of an exploratory nature, aims to assess how consumers conceptualise the circular economy in order to identify consumer recognition of the use of by-products from the food industry to upcycle food products and to evaluate attitudes towards the circular economy. To this end, a mixed-methodology was applied to 340 participants. The first part was qualitative and used free word association to evaluate consumers’ conceptualisation of the circular economy and use of by-products as foods. Data were analysed by grouping the responses into exclusive and exhaustive categories and a correspondence analysis was also performed to originate perceptual maps. Additionally, a questionnaire was designed to evaluate major concepts and attitudes correlated with the circular economy. Data were reduced by principal component analysis (PCA) and participants grouped through clustering. Results showed that consumers understand circular economy as related mainly into Sustainability, Economy, and Circularity dimensions. Participants had great difficulty identifying the by-products used as foods or as food ingredients. From the quantitative data, four groups were identified based on the associations to the six principal components originated by the PCA. However, the results highlighted a very low association with all clusters of the Food Valorisation dimension within the concept of the circular economy, and also a lack of a clear understanding of consumers’ attitudes towards food products from the circular economy. Greater promotion and dissemination by the competent entities aimed at the general public may contribute towards greater integration, participation and acceptance of the circular economy concept for the upscaling of food by-products.

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Agricultural Residues as a Source of Bioactive Substances—Waste Management with the Idea of Circular Economy

Environmental Sciences Proceedings ◽

10.3390/environsciproc2021009002 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 2

Author(s):

Ewelina Gołębiewska ◽

Monika Kalinowska

Keyword(s):

Fruit Weight ◽

Agricultural Residues ◽

Apple Pomace ◽

Extraction Techniques ◽

Promising Technique ◽

Bioactive Substances ◽

Food Industries ◽

Anticancer Properties ◽

Main Components ◽

By Products

Every year, the juice industry generates millions of tons of by-products worldwide such as seeds, skins and pomace. This creates significant environmental problems. It is estimated that about 25% of the fruit weight used in juice production is waste. However, even after processing, this waste contains high amounts of valuable bioactive substances. Phenolic compounds and pectin have been found to be the main components of apple pomace and are responsible for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal, and anticancer properties. However, the low bioavailability and sensitivity of some chemicals limit their use in many areas. Advanced extraction techniques and encapsulation of apple pomace extracts is a promising technique to overcome these problems and increasing their applicability (e.g., in the cosmetic, pharmaceutical, or food industries).

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