Biogas: microbiological research to enhance efficiency and regulation

2022 ◽  
pp. 485-497
Author(s):  
Reckson Kamusoko ◽  
Raphael M. Jingura ◽  
Zedias Chikwambi ◽  
Wilson Parawira
2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-30
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Tokarska-Rodak ◽  
Maria Kozioł-Montewka ◽  
Jolanta Paluch-Oleś ◽  
Dorota Plewik ◽  
Grażyna Olchowik ◽  
...  

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Mohamad Zabidi Bin Ahmad ◽  
Rosylin Mohd. Yusof ◽  
Ahmad Rizal Mazlan

Purpose: The objective of this research is to highlight issues and review the Interbank Commodity Murabahah (CM) practice as a tool of liquidity requirement from both the Shariah and industry’s operational perspectives. Accordingly, this study seeks to analyze structure and mechanism of CM as instrument to meet the liquidity need of the Islamic financial institutions and provides an opportunity for investments. In doing so, the paper seeks to review issues related to Shariah and operations in Islamic banking. Design/methodology/approach: By conducting interview with Treasurers, Shariah Scholars and funding dealers of Islamic banks in Malaysia, the study evaluates reassessment on CM practices and operational issues in relation risk and compliance. The study focuses on Islamic Treasury Division of Islamic banks in Malaysia. Findings: The findings of the study suggest that the two most significant issues in Islamic liquidity management of Islamic banks in Malaysia are i) resembling interest ii) nature of tradability iii) structure of CM iv) the timing the transaction to be completed and v) the real brokerage cost involved in adopting the CM transactions. Research limitations/implications: The research proposes a risk mitigation and enhanced Shariah compliance framework such as strait through processing (STP) and commodity broker’s standard guideline for Islamic banks to adopt CM practices. Practical implications: This study provides direction and guidance to the Islamic Commercial Banks, Commodity Brokers and regulator (BNM) involved in the banking system to reflect upon the importance to understand the issues and limitation of CM. By highlighting the importance of efficiency in terms of time and cost saving together with Shariah issues, Islamic banks can design policies to enhance efficiency in order to either decide to maintain the adoption of CMP or to consider the proposed alternative. Social implications:Understanding the Shariah compliance and operational issues will enhance the integrity of Islamic banks which is consistent with Key Economic Growth Area of making Malaysia as International Islamic Financial Hub 2.0.


Author(s):  
I. A. Shibaev ◽  
V. A. Vinnikov ◽  
G. D. Stepanov

Geological engineering often uses geomechanical modeling aimed to enhance efficiency of mining or performance of structures. One of the input parameters for such models are the static elastic moduli of rocks. This article presents the studies into the physical and mechanical properties of rocks-limestone of non-metamorphic diagenesis. The precision measurements of Pand S-waves are carried out to an accuracy of 0.2% by laser ultrasonics. The static moduli of elasticity and the deformation characteristics of rocks are determined in the uniaxial compression tests by the standards of GOST 21153.2-84 and GOST 28985-91, respectively. The correlation dependence is found between the static and dynamic elasticity moduli in limestone samples. The found correlation allows drawing the conclusion that the static modulus of elasticity can be estimated in non-destructive tests, which largely simplifies preliminary diagnostics of samples in case of limited number of test core.


1993 ◽  
Vol 32 (4II) ◽  
pp. 1067-1078
Author(s):  
Saleem M. Khan

The Mobilisation of domestic resources and their efficient utilisation are two of the most crucial tasks in revitalising the economy of Pakistan. Historically, low saving fotmation and relatively higher targets of investment and economic growth made it imperative to depend on external resources. Despite heavy domestic borrowing from both private and public sectors, there still has remained an unmet resource gap that has necessitated dependence on foreign capital. I In recent years, the sources of foreign assistance have become scarce due to a growing shortage in world saving and growing domestic demand for budget appropriations in the western countries. If economic growth in Pakistan is to be sustained and selfgenerating, investment in physical and human development must be increased and mad more efficient. To meet this challenge, most of the capital will have to come from domestic sources. Hence, the focus of this paper is on harnessing domestic efforts to increase saving formation and to enhance efficiency of capital investments. Traditionally, the government of Pakistan has relied on conventional approaches to increasing domestic saving. First, the government has been encouraging greater saving by the private sector through a package of national saving schemes and by allowing financial institutions to introduce saving incentives. Saving-schemes and saving incentives have not produced satisfying results. Table 1 shows saving and investment in selected South Asian countries. Saving in Pakistan is very low and, indeed, among the lowest even when compared with neighbouring and other developing countries. Explanations of this failure include the low levels of income and high rate of inflation in the country.2 Moreover, the financial institutions have in general remained inefficient.


Author(s):  
Анна Владимировна Подстрахова

В статье рассматриваются вопросы формирования у студентов-юристов универсальных компетенций в процессе обучения профессионально-ориентированному иностранному языку. Предлагаются пути оптимизации процесса обучения иностранному языку на примере курса «Иностранный язык в профессиональной сфере» в рамках специальности «Правовое обеспечение национальной безопасности». The paper focuses on the problem of students` universal skills development while teaching foreign languages for professional communication. Ways to enhance efficiency of teaching/learning are proposed and tested among the students specializing in “Legal Support of National Security”.


Author(s):  
Wanli Wang ◽  
Botao Zhang ◽  
Kaiqi Wu ◽  
Sergey A Chepinskiy ◽  
Anton A Zhilenkov ◽  
...  

In this paper, a hybrid method based on deep learning is proposed to visually classify terrains encountered by mobile robots. Considering the limited computing resource on mobile robots and the requirement for high classification accuracy, the proposed hybrid method combines a convolutional neural network with a support vector machine to keep a high classification accuracy while improve work efficiency. The key idea is that the convolutional neural network is used to finish a multi-class classification and simultaneously the support vector machine is used to make a two-class classification. The two-class classification performed by the support vector machine is aimed at one kind of terrain that users are mostly concerned with. Results of the two classifications will be consolidated to get the final classification result. The convolutional neural network used in this method is modified for the on-board usage of mobile robots. In order to enhance efficiency, the convolutional neural network has a simple architecture. The convolutional neural network and the support vector machine are trained and tested by using RGB images of six kinds of common terrains. Experimental results demonstrate that this method can help robots classify terrains accurately and efficiently. Therefore, the proposed method has a significant potential for being applied to the on-board usage of mobile robots.


2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Yongyue Huang ◽  
Min Hu ◽  
BalaAnand Muthu ◽  
R. Gayathri

Continuous evaluation of biological and physiological metrics of sports personalities, evaluating general health status, and alerting for life-saving treatments, is supposed to enhance efficiency and healthy performance. Wearable devices with acceptable form factors compact, flexibility, minimal power consumption, etc., are needed for continuous monitoring to avoid affecting everyday operations, thereby retaining functional effectiveness and consumer satisfaction. This research focuses on the acceleration tracker for particularizing the work. Acceleration data is typically collected on battery-powered sensors for activity detection, referring to an exchange between high-precision detection and energy-efficient processing. From a feature selection perspective, the paper explores this trade-off. It suggests an Energy-Efficient Behavior Recognition System with a comprehensive energy utilization model and the Multi-objective Algorithm of Particle Swarm Optimization (EEBRS-MPSO). Therefore, using Random Forest (RF) classifiers, the model and algorithm are tested to measure the precision of identification and obtain the task’s best performance with the lowest energy consumption, among other biologically-inspired algorithms. The findings indicate that energy consumption for data storage and data processing is minimized with magnitude relative to the raw data method by choosing suitable groups of attributes. Thus, the platform allows a scalable range of feature clusters that require the authors to provide an adequate power adjustment for given target use.


Author(s):  
Sahar Ahmadpour ◽  
Sara Bayramzadeh ◽  
Parsa Aghaei

Objectives: The goal of this study is twofold: (1) identifying design strategies that enhance efficiency and support teamwork in emergency departments (EDs) and (2) identifying design features that contribute to the spread of COVID-19, based on staff perception. Background: Due to increasing ED visits annually, an efficient work environment has become one of the main concerns in designing EDs. According to the literature, an efficient work environment and teamwork improve healthcare outcomes and positively impact staff satisfaction. During the COVID-19 pandemic, EDs faced various changes such as workflow and space usage. Few studies explored staff perceptions about the influence of design features on efficiency, teamwork, and the COVID-19 spread. Method: An online survey with 14 open- and closed-ended questions was distributed among ED staff members to collect data about unit design features that impact efficiency, teamwork, and the COVID-19 spread. Results: The central nursing station was one of the preferred configurations that increased efficiency and teamwork in EDs. Decentralizing disposal rooms in small-size EDs and decentralizing the medication room in large-size EDs with more than 65 exam rooms can decrease staff walking steps. Flexibility to expand treatment spaces on demand, one-way track circulation path, and changing the air pressure in COVID-19 treatment areas were some of the staff suggestions for future EDs. Conclusion: The findings of this study contribute to the body of knowledge that EDs’ physical environments can impact efficiency and teamwork among staff and, consequently, healthcare outcomes. Compartmentalization of the ED layout can reduce the spread of COVID-19.


2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (73) ◽  
pp. 1767-1773 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tyler Skorczewski ◽  
Angela Cheer ◽  
Peter C. Wainwright

Suction feeding is the most common form of prey capture across aquatic feeding vertebrates and many adaptations that enhance efficiency and performance are expected. Many suction feeders have mechanisms that allow the mouth to form a planar and near-circular opening that is believed to have beneficial hydrodynamic effects. We explore the effects of the flattened and circular mouth opening through computational fluid dynamics simulations that allow comparisons with other mouth profiles. Compared to mouths with lateral notches, we find that the planar mouth opening results in higher flow rates into the mouth and a region of highest flow that is positioned at the centre of the mouth aperture. Planar mouths provide not only for better total fluid flow rates through the mouth but also through the centre of the mouth near where suction feeders position their prey. Circular mouths are shown to provide the quickest capture times for spherical and elliptical prey because they expose the prey item to a large region of high flow. Planar and circular mouths result in higher flow velocities with peak flow located at the centre of the mouth opening and they maximize the capacity of the suction feeders to exert hydrodynamic forces on the prey.


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