EVALUATION OF THE EFFECT OF THE STATE OF CURE OF THE MATRIX ON THE PROPERTIES OF GLASS-FIBRE EPOXY RESIN LAMINATES

1980 ◽  
pp. 875-884
Author(s):  
K. PHILLIPS ◽  
M.G. BADER
Keyword(s):  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Glass Fibre ◽  
The State ◽  
The Matrix

scholarly journals The Influence of Mixing Methods of Epoxy Composition Ingredients on Selected Mechanical Properties of Modified Epoxy Construction Materials

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 411
Author(s):  
Izabela Miturska ◽  
Anna Rudawska ◽  
Miroslav Müller ◽  
Monika Hromasová
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Preliminary Heating ◽  
Epoxy Composition ◽  
Mixing Speed ◽  
Adhesive Composition ◽  
Adhesive Compositions ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Level Of Significance

The proper process of preparing an adhesive composition has a significant impact on the degree of dispersion of the composition ingredients in the matrix, as well as on the degree of aeration of the resulting composition, which in turn directly affects the strength and functional properties of the obtained adhesive compositions. The paper presents the results of tensile strength tests and SEM microphotographs of the adhesive composition of Epidian 57 epoxy resin with Z-1 curing agent, which was modified using three fillers NanoBent ZR2 montmorillonite, CaCO3 calcium carbonate and CWZ-22 active carbon. For comparison purposes, samples made of unmodified composition were also tested. The compositions were prepared with the use of six mixing methods, with variable parameters such as type of mixer arm, deaeration and epoxy resin temperature. Then, three mixing speeds were applied: 460, 1170 and 2500 rpm. The analyses of the obtained results showed that the most effective tensile results were obtained in the case of mixing with the use of a dispersing disc mixer with preliminary heating of the epoxy resin to 50 °C and deaeration of the composition during mixing. The highest tensile strength of adhesive compositions was obtained at the highest mixing speed; however, the best repeatability of the results was observed at 1170 rpm mixing speed. Based on a comparison test of average values, it was observed that, in case of modified compositions, the values of average tensile strength obtained at mixing speeds at 1170 and 2500 rpm do not differ significantly with the assumed level of significance α = 0.05.

scholarly journals Assessing the Flexural Properties of Epoxy Composites with Extremely Low Addition of Cellulose Nanofiber Content

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 1159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingmei Xie ◽  
Hiroki Kurita ◽  
Ryugo Ishigami ◽  
Fumio Narita
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Strengthening Mechanism ◽  
Short Fiber ◽  
Cellulose Nanofiber ◽  
Resin Matrix ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Epoxy Resin Matrix ◽  
The Matrix

Epoxy resins are a widely used common polymer due to their excellent mechanical properties. On the other hand, cellulose nanofiber (CNF) is one of the new generation of fibers, and recent test results show that CNF reinforced polymers have high mechanical properties. It has also been reported that an extremely low CNF addition increases the mechanical properties of the matrix resin. In this study, we prepared extremely-low CNF (~1 wt.%) reinforced epoxy resin matrix (epoxy-CNF) composites, and tried to understand the strengthening mechanism of the epoxy-CNF composite through the three-point flexural test, finite element analysis (FEA), and discussion based on organic chemistry. The flexural modulus and strength were significantly increased by the extremely low CNF addition (less than 0.2 wt.%), although the theories for short-fiber-reinforced composites cannot explain the strengthening mechanism of the epoxy-CNF composite. Hence, we propose the possibility that CNF behaves as an auxiliary agent to enhance the structure of the epoxy molecule, and not as a reinforcing fiber in the epoxy resin matrix.

Investigation of Fiber-Reinforced Modified Epoxy Resin Composites

2012 ◽  
Vol 510-511 ◽  
pp. 577-584 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Quddos ◽  
Mohammad Bilal Khan ◽  
R.N. Khan ◽  
M.K.K. Ghauri
Keyword(s):  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Polymeric Matrix ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Composites ◽  
Resin Matrix ◽  
Reinforced Composites ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Epoxy Resin Matrix ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Modified Epoxy

The impregnation of the fiber with a resin system, the polymeric matrix with the interface needs to be properly cured so that the dimensional stability of the matrix and the composite is ensured. A modified epoxy resin matrix was obtained with a reactive toughening agent and anhydride as a curing agent. The mechanical properties of the modified epoxy matrix and its fiber reinforced composites were investigated systematically. The polymeric matrix possessed many good properties, including high strength, high elongation at break, low viscosity, long pot life at room temperature, and good water resistance. The special attentions are given to the matrix due to its low out gassing, low water absorption and radiation resistance. In addition, the fiber-reinforced composites showed a high strength conversion ratio of the fiber and good fatigue resistance. The dynamic and static of the composite material were studied by thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) with EDX. The influences of processing technique such as curing and proper mixing on the mechanical and interfacial properties were determined. The results demonstrated that the modified epoxy resin matrix is very suitable for applications in products fabricated with fiber-reinforced composites.

scholarly journals Processing and Testing of Reinforced PA66 Based Composites

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (23) ◽  
pp. 7299
Author(s):  
Alejandro Pereira ◽  
Alberto Tielas ◽  
Teresa Prado ◽  
Maria Fenollera ◽  
José Antonio Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Glass Fibre ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Injection Process ◽  
Production Processes ◽  
Short Glass Fibre ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Plastic Injection ◽  
Short Glass ◽  
Resistance Tests

The new requirements in different sectors, such as aerospace, automotive and construction, for lightweight materials have led to an increase in demand for composite materials suitable for use in high rate production processes, such as plastic injection. This makes it necessary to look for matrices and reinforcements that, in addition to being compatible with each other, are also compatible with the injection process. It is in this area of research where the work presented here arises. To meet the two requirements mentioned above, this study contemplates a battery of composite materials obtained by combining PA66 and fiberglass, in different proportions and configuration, both for the preparation of the matrix and for reinforcement. For the elaboration of the matrix, two options have been evaluated, PA66 and PA66 reinforced at 35% with short glass fibre. To obtain reinforcement, six different options have been evaluated; two conventional fiberglass fabrics (each with different density) and four hybrid fabrics obtained from the previous ones by adding PA66 in different configurations (two over-stitched fabrics and two other fabrics). The different composite materials obtained were validated by means of the corresponding adhesion, peeling and resistance tests.

Orthotropic Characteristics of Glass-Fibre-Epoxy Laminates under Plane Stress

1973 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 102-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Ogorkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Uniaxial Tension ◽  
Plane Stress ◽  
Glass Fibre ◽  
Orthotropic Material ◽  
Glass Fibres ◽  
Degree Of Anisotropy

Deformational characteristics of laminates of unidirectionally arranged glass fibres and epoxy resin under plane stress are shown to correspond very closely under uniaxial tension and, to a lesser extent, under shear to the theroetical pattern of stiffness of an orthotropic material. The anisotropy in stiffness is also shown to be accompanied by an even greater degree of anisotropy in tensile strength.

Self-healing organic coatings based on microcapsules – A patent-based review

2021 ◽  
Vol 04 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Moreira Schlemper ◽  
Sérgio Henrique Pezzin
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Protection ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Review Article ◽  
The State ◽  
Organic Coatings ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Healing Agent

: Self-healing coatings are intended to increase long-term durability and reliability and can be enabled by the presence of microcapsules containing a self-healing agent capable of interacting with the matrix and regenerating the system. This review article provides an overview of the state-of-the-art, focusing on the patents published in the field of microcapsule-based self-healing organic coatings, since the early 2000’s. A discussion about coatings for corrosion protection and the different self-healing approaches and mechanisms are also addressed, as well as future challenges and expectations for this kind of coatings.

Innovative technologies in corrosion-resistant coatings development aimed at ship navigation equipment protection

2021 ◽  
Vol 103 (3) ◽  
pp. 5-12
Author(s):  
Oleh Bezbakh
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Epoxy Matrix ◽  
Phthalic Acid ◽  
Epoxy Oligomer ◽  
Acid Anhydride ◽  
Molecular Formula ◽  
Innovative Technologies ◽  
Composite Formation ◽  
The Matrix

The efficient use of some innovative technologies in adhesives with advanced operational characteristics development aimed at anti-corrosion properties increase of transport means has been substantiated in the paper under discussion. The above-mentioned technologies involving the use of some interaction-active ingredients forming the cross-linkable coatings composition, including some polymers, have provided their cohesion properties essential improvement. Epoxy diane oligomer ED-16 has been chosen as the main component for the matrix in the composite formation. The aliphatic resin DЕG-1 (GOST 10136-77) as a plasticizer has been added to the epoxy oligomer. The compound has been formed of the following concentration: epoxy resin ED-16: plasticizer DЕG -1 – 100: 40. The hardener of cold hardening polyethelenepolyamine PEPA (ТУ 6-05-241-202-78) has been used at the epoxy resin-based developed materials polymerization. Phthalic acid anhydride has been used as a modifier to improve the properties of epoxy composite materials. The modifier was added to the matrix in the following ratio: from 0,10 to 2,00 pts.wt. per 100 pts.wt. of epoxy oligomer ЕD-20. The molecular formula of the modifier is as follows: C8H4O3. Molar mass is 148,1 g/mol. Density is ρ = 1,52 г/см³. To form a composite material or a protective coating with some improved adhesive properties and inconsiderable residual stresses the phthalic acid anhydride as a modifier was found to be added to the epoxy matrix with the content q = 1,25 pts.wt. per 100 pts.wt. of the epoxy matrix (oligomer ЕD-20 + plasticizer DЕG -1). In this case, the adhesive strength of the coating is being increased from sа = 28,3 MPа to sа = 46,4 MPа, and residual stresses – from sз = 1,9 MPа to sз = 2,1 MPа. First of all, the improved properties of the modified materials were caused by the interaction of active carbonyl (С=О) groups of the modifier with nitrogen-containing (NH-) groups of the hardener. It has provided the increase of the composite cross-linking degree resulted in their both adhesive and cohesion properties improvement. Moreover, it was found that the modifier use in the compound with the content q = 1,0…1,5 00 pts.wt. per 100 00 pts.wt. of the matrix has provided the increase of the river water influenced coatings resistance from ρ = 12,1 Оm·cm2 до ρ = 21,2…22,4 Оm·cm2. Though, some further increase of the additive content in the coating has caused the deterioration of anti-corrosion characteristics of the materials. Thus, the conducted study has contributed to the determination of the most efficient content ratio of phthalic acid anhydride as a modifier to for the coatings of functional use.

Business Support as Ongoing Policy Helping Permanency Companies in the State of Colima in Mexico

2017 ◽  
pp. 404-415
Author(s):  
José G. Vargas-Hernández ◽  
José Octavio Estrada Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Design Procedure ◽  
The State ◽  
Sequential Design ◽  
Services Sector ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Continuous Support ◽  
Employment Generation ◽  
The Government ◽  
Start Ups

The objective of this chapter is to propose the implementation of a plan of continuous support from the government of the State of Colima in Mexico to start-ups and micro-enterprises classified as belonging to the trade and services sector, policy public, to increase the economic units that manage to stay beyond three years and thereby derive social benefits such as employment generation, greater wealth and improving the quality of life of the population of the state. This proposal is given based on the sequential design procedure policies. The method used is the analysis of the national situation. It can be concluded from the analysis on the proposal for a design process of public policy based on the matrix of policy alternatives under the assumption that continuity and permanence of the companies will be positively impacted in the current rates of survival if companies born have the support of the government.

Fatigue Failures of Differences Behaviour on CSM/Woven Roving Composite Materials

2013 ◽  
Vol 471 ◽  
pp. 335-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.M.T. Arifin ◽  
S. Abdullah ◽  
Rozli Zulkifli ◽  
D.A. Wahab
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Composite Structure ◽  
Loading Condition ◽  
Fatigue Loading ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Chopped Strand Mat ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Tension Loading ◽  
Fatigue Failures

This paper presents the investigation of composite materials lamination using different materials in the structure of lamination. The main purpose of the study is to evaluate the behaviour of characteristics in composite materials subjected to difference of fatigue loading, leading to understand the criteria that influence the behaviour of composite lamination structure. Therefore, in this research, the orientation of lamination structure used is 00/900and the material selected for the study were chopped strand mat (csm) and woven roving fabric (wr) as a reinforcement and the matrix used were polyester and epoxy resin. The composite lamination structure was produced using hand lay-up technique. The fatigue condition experiment of composite materials in this research was carried under tension-tension loading. With difference in fatigue loading condition, the lifetime of composite structure will be different and the cracking phenomenon in the structure will also be different. It is suggested that, different number of lamination and amount of reinforcement and matrix, produce a variety of materials characteristic with respect to elasticity of material. An implication of the study in this research showed various behaviour of composite materials with different materials used and it showed a difference phenomenon in comparison to metalic materials.

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