As the car moving, the power of the engine is transmitted to the active wheel through the transmission system. In such a transmission, the power is lost due to friction in the powertrain and the power of the active wheel will be less than the output of the engine. The transmission system consists of components such as clutches, transmissions, propeller shaft, active bridge, differential and active wheels. During the working process, each of these parts is affected by the individual factors that reduce their performance. This article is to analyze the structure, function, task and modeling of the vehicle transmission system components, building the dynamics movement model of the transmission system according to D’Alambert principle, in which the dynamics of the wheel and the axle as well as the rigidity of the powertrain and chassis are mentioned. The Matlab Simulink software is used to simulate the automobile drive system. Thereby, the factors affecting the operation of the transmission system are analysed and evaluated in order to clarify the law of motion, and propose solutions that improve the quality of the transmission system on automobile.