In vitro methane production and tolerance to condensed tannins in five ruminant species

Animal feeding behavior and diet composition determine rumen fermentation responses and its microbial characteristics. This study aimed to evaluate the rumen fermentation kinetics of domestic ruminants feeding diets with or without condensed tannins (CT). Holstein dairy cows, Nelore beef cattle, Mediterranean water buffalo, Santa Inês sheep and Saanen goats were used as inoculum donors (three animals of each species). The substrates were maize silage (Zea mays), fresh elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum), Tifton-85 hay (Cynodon spp.) and fresh alfalfa (Medicago sativa). Acacia (Acacia molissima) extract was used as the external CT source. The in vitro semi-automated gas production technique was used to assess the fermentation kinetics. The experimental design was completely randomized with five inoculum sources (animal species), four substrates (feeds) and two treatments (with or without extract). The inclusion of CT caused more severe effects in grazing ruminants than selector ruminants.

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Relationships between Structures of Condensed Tannins from Texas Legumes and Methane Production During In Vitro Rumen Digestion

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules23092123 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 23 (9) ◽

pp. 2123 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Harley Naumann ◽

Rebecka Sepela ◽

Aira Rezaire ◽

Sonia Masih ◽

Wayne Zeller ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Methane Production ◽

Condensed Tannins ◽

Warm Season ◽

2D Nmr ◽

Plant Sample ◽

Ruminal Ph ◽

Ch4 Production ◽

Acacia Angustissima ◽

Perennial Legumes

Previous studies showed that a series of purified condensed tannins (CTs) from warm-season perennial legumes exhibited high variability in their modulation of methane production during in vitro rumen digestion. The molecular weight differences between these CTs did not provide correlation with either the in vitro CH4 production or the ability to precipitate bovine serum albumin. In an effort to delineate other structure-activity relationships from these methane abatement experiments, the structures of purified CTs from these legumes were assessed with a combination of methanolysis, quantitative thiolysis, 1H-13C HSQC NMR spectroscopy and ultrahigh-resolution MALDI-TOF MS. The composition of these CTs is very diverse: procyanidin/prodelphinidin (PC/PD) ratios ranged from 98/2 to 2/98; cis/trans ratios ranged from 98/2 to 34/66; mean degrees of polymerization ranged from 6 to 39; and % galloylation ranged from 0 to 75%. No strong correlation was observed between methane production and the protein precipitation capabilities of the CT towards three different proteins (BSA, lysozyme, and alfalfa leaf protein) at ruminal pH. However, a strong non-linear correlation was observed for the inhibition of methane production versus the antioxidant activity in plant sample containing typical PC- and PD-type CTs. The modulation of methane production could not be correlated to the CT structure (PC/PD or cis/trans ratios and extent of galloylation). The most active plant in methane abatement was Acacia angustissima, which contained CT, presenting an unusual challenge as it was resistant to standard thiolytic degradation conditions and exhibited an atypical set of cross-peak signals in the 2D NMR. The MALDI analysis supported a 5-deoxy flavan-3-ol-based structure for the CT from this plant.

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PSXI-26 Effects of condensed tannins in purple prairie and white prairie clover on ruminal fermentation and methane production in vitro.

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/sky404.924 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 96 (suppl_3) ◽

pp. 422-422 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Q Huang ◽

K Peng ◽

A Iwaasa ◽

M Schellenberg ◽

T McAllister ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Methane Production ◽

Condensed Tannins ◽

Ruminal Fermentation

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Effect of molecular weight of condensed tannins from warm-season perennial legumes on ruminal methane production in vitro

Biochemical Systematics and Ecology ◽

10.1016/j.bse.2013.03.050 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 50 ◽

pp. 154-162 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Harley D. Naumann ◽

Luis O. Tedeschi ◽

James P. Muir ◽

Barry D. Lambert ◽

Merwyn M. Kothmann

Keyword(s):

Molecular Weight ◽

Methane Production ◽

Condensed Tannins ◽

Warm Season ◽

Perennial Legumes

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Methane production from in vitro incubation of kikuyu grass, lucerne and forages containing condensed tannins

Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association ◽

10.33584/jnzg.2005.67.2576 ◽

2005 ◽

pp. 147-153 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

M.H. Tavendale ◽

L.P. Meagher ◽

Z.A. Park-Ng ◽

G.C. Waghorn ◽

G.T. Attwood

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

New Zealand ◽

Methane Production ◽

Condensed Tannins ◽

Volatile Fatty Acid ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Methane Emissions ◽

Kikuyu Grass

A series of in vitro incubations with kikuyu grass (Pennisetum clandestinum), lucerne and six legumes containing condensed tannins (CT) were undertaken to evaluate this technique against in vivo trials in New Zealand, measuring methane emissions. Published trials have demonstrated a reduction in methane emissions associated with CT and in one instance from kikuyu. The incubations used fresh minced forage (equivalent to 0.5 g dry matter (DM)) and were carried out in 50 ml sealed bottles containing buffer and rumen inoculum. Gas was sampled through a septum to monitor volume and composition throughout the 24h incubation. Incubation for 24 h resulted in 2.4-6.6 % conversion of DM to methane, and suggested CT concentrations below about 8% of the DM can reduce methane production without inhibiting fermentation rate. Higher concentrations of CT (> 8%) were associated with a lower rate of digestion. In common with in vivo trials, CT concentration in forage DM was inversely related to methane (adjusted R2 = 0.49; P = 0.01) and volatile fatty acid (adjusted R2=0.86; P

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Impact of variation in structure of condensed tannins from sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia ) on in vitro ruminal methane production and fermentation characteristics

Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition ◽

10.1111/jpn.12336 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 100 (2) ◽

pp. 348-360 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

B. Hatew ◽

E. Stringano ◽

I. Mueller-Harvey ◽

W. H. Hendriks ◽

C. Hayot Carbonero ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Methane Production ◽

Condensed Tannins ◽

Onobrychis Viciifolia

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Molecular weight of condensed tannins of some tropical feed-leaves and their effect on in vitro gas and methane production

Animal Production Science ◽

10.1071/an17749 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 59 (12) ◽

pp. 2154 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

A. Petlum ◽

P. Paengkoum ◽

J. B. Liang ◽

K. Vasupen ◽

S. Paengkoum

Keyword(s):

Plant Species ◽

Methane Production ◽

Condensed Tannins ◽

Gas Production ◽

Published Data ◽

Plant Materials ◽

Molecular Weights ◽

Tropical Plant ◽

Neem Leaves

The concentration and molecular weights (MW) of condensed tannins (CT) of three locally available tropical plant species leaves which have potential to be used as ruminant feed, and their effects on in vitro gas, including methane, production were investigated. Leaves of three plant species, namely, leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala), cassava (Manihot esculenta, Cranzt), and Siamese neem (Azadirachta indica A.Juss. var. Siamensis Valeton) were used in the present study. CT contents ranged from 1.2% in the leucaena to 5.0% in Siamese neem. The weight-average molecular weights (Mw) of the purified CTs, determined using gel-permeation chromatography, were 3222, 3409 and 3612 Da for leucaena, cassava and Siamese neem respectively. The above values were within the range reported for CTs of various tropical plant species. We know of no published data on MW of CTs from leaves of cassava and Siamese neem and, thus, this research, for the first time, reported the MWs of the above two plant materials. Subsequently, two CT extracts with differing MWs, such as CTs extracted from leaves of Siamese neem and leaves of leucaena, were selected as the representative of high and low MWs of CT respectively, and used for investigation of the effect of the MW of CT on in vitro gas production and fermentation parameters. Supplementation of CTs of a higher MW extracted from leaves of Siamese neem (at 2–6 mg/100 mg DM) significantly inhibited in vitro total gas and methane production, while supplementation of CTs with a lower MW extracted from leaves of leucaena had no effect, except for total gas production at the highest level (6 mg/100 mg DM) of supplementation. Similarly, CT from Siamese neem leaves had a stronger inhibitory effect (P < 0.001) on in vitro volatile fatty acid, acetic acid and butyric acid production. The above results indicated that concentrations and the MW of CT varied among the plant species; in addition, the efficacy of CTs to inhibit ruminal CH4 emission are influenced by their MW.

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Effects of condensed tannins from Leucaena on methane production, rumen fermentation and populations of methanogens and protozoa in vitro

Animal Feed Science and Technology ◽

10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2011.07.004 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 169 (3-4) ◽

pp. 185-193 ◽

Cited By ~ 101

Author(s):

H.Y. Tan ◽

C.C. Sieo ◽

N. Abdullah ◽

J.B. Liang ◽

X.D. Huang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Methane Production ◽

Condensed Tannins ◽

Rumen Fermentation

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Effect of Acacia purified tannins extract and polyethylene glycol treatment on in vitro ruminal fermentation pattern and methane production

Asia Pacific Journal of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology ◽

10.35118/apjmbb.2020.028.2.06 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 50-62

Author(s):

Khaoula Khelalfa ◽

Rabah Arhab ◽

Antonio Ignacio Martín-García ◽

Nabila Zaabat ◽

Alejandro Belanche

Keyword(s):

Biological Activity ◽

Polyethylene Glycol ◽

Methane Production ◽

Condensed Tannins ◽

Volatile Fatty Acids ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Barley Straw ◽

Fermentation Parameters ◽

By Products

Condensed tannins are polyphenolic compounds which can exert beneficial effects in ruminants. They have the ability to bind proteins and decrease their degradation. They have also been reported to reduce methanogenesis and improve ruminants performances. The present work aimed to study the effect of purified condensed tannins from Acacia horrida extract on fermentation parameters, gas and methane production. In this context, seven substrates were selected: four Acacia species (Acacia pycnantha, Acacia dealbata, Acacia horrida and Acacia cyanophylla) and three plant by-products (date palm leaves, grenade peel and artichoke stems). Biological activity of tannins was evaluated by the incubation of the substrates in vitro with Polyethylene glycol (PEG). Tannins decreased concentration of all fermentation parameters (gas (p < 0.0001), methane (CH4) (p= 0.0983), ammonia (N-NH3) (p= 0.0382), Volatile Fatty Acids (VFA) (p= 0.0009), acetate (p <0.0001), propionate (p= 0.1024), butyrate (p= 0.0373), isobutyrate (p= 0.0046), valerate (p < 0.0001), isovalerate (p= 0.0032)). Substrates were also characterized by their content in main nutrients (dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), ash, crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) ,acid detergent lignin (ADL)) and in secondary metabolites (total phenols (TP), total tannins (TT) and condensed tannins (CT) ). All substrates presented high CP content except by-products (> 100 g/kg DM) and moderate cell-wall components. CT content was comprised between 120.5 and 680.4 g/kg DM in plants and between 23.1 and 170.4 g/kg DM in plant by-products. A. horrida presented the highest biological activity. Thus, their CT were extracted and purified on a sephadex LH-20 column. Purified tannins from A. horrida were incubated with two different forages alfalfa hay and barley straw at three different concentrations: 50, 100, 150 mg/g DM. Results showed that purified tannins from A. horrida had no effect on fermentation parameters (P > 0.05). The effects of A. horrida tannins may be strongly linked to their structure and their molecular weight more than to their concentration. For this reason, it is interesting that this work may be completed by physical characterization of these tannins.

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Methane Production of Fresh Sainfoin, with or without PEG, and Fresh Alfalfa at Different Stages of Maturity is Similar but the Fermentation End Products Vary

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani9050197 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 197 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Pablo José Rufino-Moya ◽

Mireia Blanco ◽

Juan Ramón Bertolín ◽

Margalida Joy

Keyword(s):

Methane Production ◽

Condensed Tannins ◽

Total Volatile ◽

Ammonia Content ◽

Total Polyphenol ◽

End Products ◽

Three Stages ◽

Fermentation Parameters ◽

The Individual

Alfalfa and sainfoin are high-quality forages with different condensed tannins (CT) content, which can be affected by the stage of maturity. To study the effects of CT on fermentation parameters, three substrates (alfalfa, sainfoin, and sainfoin+PEG) at three stages of maturity were in vitro incubated for 72 h. Sainfoin had greater total polyphenol and CT contents than alfalfa. As maturity advanced, CT contents in sainfoin decreased (p < 0.05), except for the protein-bound CT fraction (p > 0.05). The total gas and methane production was affected neither by the substrate nor by the stage of maturity (p > 0.05). Overall, sainfoin and sainfoin+PEG had greater in vitro organic matter degradability (IVOMD) than alfalfa (p < 0.05). Alfalfa and sainfoin+PEG presented higher ammonia content than sainfoin (p < 0.001). Total volatile fatty acid (VFA) production was only affected by the stage of maturity (p < 0.05), and the individual VFA proportions were affected by the substrate and the stage of maturity (p < 0.001). In conclusion, alfalfa and sainfoin only differed in the IVOMD and the fermentation end products. Moreover, CT reduced ammonia production and the ratio methane: VFA, but the IVOMD was reduced only in the vegetative stage.

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