scholarly journals Methane Production of Fresh Sainfoin, with or without PEG, and Fresh Alfalfa at Different Stages of Maturity is Similar but the Fermentation End Products Vary

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo José Rufino-Moya ◽  
Mireia Blanco ◽  
Juan Ramón Bertolín ◽  
Margalida Joy
Keyword(s):  
Methane Production ◽  
Condensed Tannins ◽  
Total Volatile ◽  
Ammonia Content ◽  
Total Polyphenol ◽  
End Products ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Fermentation Parameters ◽  
The Individual

Alfalfa and sainfoin are high-quality forages with different condensed tannins (CT) content, which can be affected by the stage of maturity. To study the effects of CT on fermentation parameters, three substrates (alfalfa, sainfoin, and sainfoin+PEG) at three stages of maturity were in vitro incubated for 72 h. Sainfoin had greater total polyphenol and CT contents than alfalfa. As maturity advanced, CT contents in sainfoin decreased (p < 0.05), except for the protein-bound CT fraction (p > 0.05). The total gas and methane production was affected neither by the substrate nor by the stage of maturity (p > 0.05). Overall, sainfoin and sainfoin+PEG had greater in vitro organic matter degradability (IVOMD) than alfalfa (p < 0.05). Alfalfa and sainfoin+PEG presented higher ammonia content than sainfoin (p < 0.001). Total volatile fatty acid (VFA) production was only affected by the stage of maturity (p < 0.05), and the individual VFA proportions were affected by the substrate and the stage of maturity (p < 0.001). In conclusion, alfalfa and sainfoin only differed in the IVOMD and the fermentation end products. Moreover, CT reduced ammonia production and the ratio methane: VFA, but the IVOMD was reduced only in the vegetative stage.

scholarly journals Effect of Acacia purified tannins extract and polyethylene glycol treatment on in vitro ruminal fermentation pattern and methane production

2020 ◽  
pp. 50-62
Author(s):  
Khaoula Khelalfa ◽  
Rabah Arhab ◽  
Antonio Ignacio Martín-García ◽  
Nabila Zaabat ◽  
Alejandro Belanche
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Condensed Tannins ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
Fermentation Parameters ◽  
By Products

Condensed tannins are polyphenolic compounds which can exert beneficial effects in ruminants. They have the ability to bind proteins and decrease their degradation. They have also been reported to reduce methanogenesis and improve ruminants performances. The present work aimed to study the effect of purified condensed tannins from Acacia horrida extract on fermentation parameters, gas and methane production. In this context, seven substrates were selected: four Acacia species (Acacia pycnantha, Acacia dealbata, Acacia horrida and Acacia cyanophylla) and three plant by-products (date palm leaves, grenade peel and artichoke stems). Biological activity of tannins was evaluated by the incubation of the substrates in vitro with Polyethylene glycol (PEG). Tannins decreased concentration of all fermentation parameters (gas (p < 0.0001), methane (CH4) (p= 0.0983), ammonia (N-NH3) (p= 0.0382), Volatile Fatty Acids (VFA) (p= 0.0009), acetate (p <0.0001), propionate (p= 0.1024), butyrate (p= 0.0373), isobutyrate (p= 0.0046), valerate (p < 0.0001), isovalerate (p= 0.0032)). Substrates were also characterized by their content in main nutrients (dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), ash, crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) ,acid detergent lignin (ADL)) and in secondary metabolites (total phenols (TP), total tannins (TT) and condensed tannins (CT) ). All substrates presented high CP content except by-products (> 100 g/kg DM) and moderate cell-wall components. CT content was comprised between 120.5 and 680.4 g/kg DM in plants and between 23.1 and 170.4 g/kg DM in plant by-products. A. horrida presented the highest biological activity. Thus, their CT were extracted and purified on a sephadex LH-20 column. Purified tannins from A. horrida were incubated with two different forages alfalfa hay and barley straw at three different concentrations: 50, 100, 150 mg/g DM. Results showed that purified tannins from A. horrida had no effect on fermentation parameters (P > 0.05). The effects of A. horrida tannins may be strongly linked to their structure and their molecular weight more than to their concentration. For this reason, it is interesting that this work may be completed by physical characterization of these tannins.

The effects of essential oil and condensed tannin on fermentation and methane production under in vitro conditions

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (10) ◽  
pp. 1707 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brittany Pinski ◽  
Mevlüt Günal ◽  
Amer A. AbuGhazaleh
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid ◽  
Condensed Tannin ◽  
Total Volatile ◽  
Tannin Extract ◽  
Ch4 Production ◽  
N Concentration ◽  
Total Volatile Fatty Acid

The potential of five different essential oils (EO) and quebracho condensed tannin extract (QCT) as antimethanogenic additives in ruminant feeds were investigated. The first experiment was conducted to screen the effects rosemary oil, sage oil, cinnamon oil (CNO), eucalyptus oil and myrrh oil at 500 mg/L of culture fluid on methane (CH4) production under in vitro conditions. Rumen contents were collected from a cannulated Holstein dairy cow and used for a 24-h batch-culture experiment. Treatments were a control (CON) or CON plus EO at 500 mg/L. Results showed that CNO decreased CH4 production and, therefore, was selected for Experiment 2. The second experiment was designed to test the effects of CNO at three different dose levels on CH4 production and fermentation in 24-h batch-culture experiments. Treatments were CON or CON plus CNO supplemented at 125, 250 and 500 mg/L. Relative to CON, CNO decreased total gas production at the 250 and 500 mg/L doses. All doses of CNO decreased CH4 production. Total volatile fatty acid production was lower in cultures incubated with CNO at the 500 mg/L. Ammonia-N concentration decreased in cultures incubated with CNO at the 500 mg/L. The third experiment was designed to test the effects of QCT on CH4 production and fermentation in 24-h batch cultures. Treatments were CON or CON plus QCT at 25, 50 and 75 g/kg of diet DM. Relative to CON, total volatile fatty acid concentration increased with the 50 g/kg QCT, but was similar to the 25 and 75 g/kg QCT. The proportions of acetate decreased, while the proportions of propionate increased with the 25 g/kg QCT compared with CON. Methane production was not affected in cultures incubated with QCT. Relative to CON, all doses of QCT decreased ammonia-N concentration. In conclusion, results from the present study showed that except for CNO, EO tested in the study had no effects on rumen CH4 production. Addition of CNO to rumen cultures at 125 and 250 mg/L reduced CH4 production without negative effects on rumen fermentation. Quebracho condensed tannin-extract supplementation had no effects on CH4 production and fermentation parameters except for ammonia-N concentration.

Effect of monensin on in vitro fermentation of maize starch by hindgut contents of cattle

1990 ◽  
Vol 115 (3) ◽  
pp. 389-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Marounek ◽  
O. Petr ◽  
L. Machañová
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid ◽  
Maize Starch ◽  
Total Volatile ◽  
Molar Percentage ◽  
In Vitro Fermentation ◽  
Consistent Effect ◽  
Total Volatile Fatty Acid

SUMMARYContents of the caecum and the colon of four steers and four cows fed concentrate-plus-roughage diets were obtained at an abattoir, transferred to the laboratory and incubated anaerobically with maize starch in the presence (10mg/l) or absence of monensin. Samples taken at the end of incubation were assayed for fermentation acids and methane production.Monensin significantly increased the molar percentage of propionate and decreased that of butyrate. Acetate percentage was not significantly influence by the addition of monensin. There was no consistent effect of monensin on total volatile fatty acid concentrations. Monensin decreased methanogenesis in all incubations. The production of methane was small, only 1 mmol/13–50 mmol of volatile fatty acid.

scholarly journals The Inclusion of Concentrate with Quebracho Is Advisable in Two Forage-Based Diets of Ewes According to the In Vitro Fermentation Parameters

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Jose Rufino-Moya ◽  
Mireia Blanco ◽  
Sandra Lobón ◽  
Juan Ramon Bertolín ◽  
Ramón Armengol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methane Production ◽  
Valeric Acid ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
In Vitro Fermentation ◽  
N Content ◽  
Ch4 Production ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Fermentation Parameters ◽  
Forage Diets

Ewes receive hay or graze on fresh pastures supplemented with concentrates to fulfil their lactation requirements. Quebracho (Schinopsis balansae) can be added to change the ruminal fermentation. Fermentation parameters of forages alone and 70:30 forage:concentrate diets with control and quebracho concentrate were compared after 24 h of in vitro incubation. Fresh forage diets produced less gas (p < 0.05) and had greater IVOMD (p < 0.001), ammonia (NH3-N) content, valeric acid, branched-chain volatile fatty acid proportions, and lower propionic acid proportion than the hay diets (p < 0.01). In the hay diets, methane production increased with control concentrate (p < 0.01) and tended to decrease with quebacho concentrate (p < 0.10). The inclusion of both concentrates increased the acetic:propionic ratio (p < 0.01), and only the inclusion of quebracho concentrate increased the IVOMD (p < 0.01). In the fresh forage diets, gas and methane production increased with the inclusion of the control concentrate (p < 0.05), but methane production decreased with quebracho concentrate (p < 0.01). The inclusion of quebracho concentrate reduced the NH3-N content and valeric acid proportion (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the inclusion of quebracho concentrate would be advisable to reduce the CH4 production and NH3-N content in fresh forage diets and to increase the IVOMD in hay diets in comparison with the forages alone.

Effect of 9,10-Anthraquinone on rumen methane production as studied in vitro and in vivo

2003 ◽  
Vol 2003 ◽  
pp. 122-122
Author(s):  
V. Fievez ◽  
B. Vlaeminck ◽  
W. Steinberg ◽  
I. Immig ◽  
D. Demeyer
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Dose Effect ◽  
Total Volatile ◽  
Total Volatile Fatty Acid

In vitro supplementation of 0.05% [on a substrate basis (wt/wt)] - but not of 0.01% - of 9,10-Anthraquinone (AQ) inhibited rumen methanogenesis, reduced total volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations and molar proportions of acetate (Acet), increased proportions of propionate (Prop) and butyrate (But) and resulted sometimes in H2 accumulation (Garcia-Lopez et al., 1996). In vivo administration of high amounts of AQ [5% on a substrate basis (wt/wt)] to lambs depressed CH4 and increased H2 concentrations in ruminal gases during the complete 19 days of administration, whereas original concentrations were re-installed within 6 days after the removal of AQ from the diet (Kung et al., 1996). In this experiment we aimed to study the dose effect of AQ on in vitro rumen fermentation and modifications to rumen fermentation when administering 0.05% of AQ in vivo.

scholarly journals Relationships between Structures of Condensed Tannins from Texas Legumes and Methane Production During In Vitro Rumen Digestion

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (9) ◽  
pp. 2123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harley Naumann ◽  
Rebecka Sepela ◽  
Aira Rezaire ◽  
Sonia Masih ◽  
Wayne Zeller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methane Production ◽  
Condensed Tannins ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
2D Nmr ◽  
Plant Sample ◽  
Ruminal Ph ◽  
Ch4 Production ◽  
Acacia Angustissima ◽  
Perennial Legumes

Previous studies showed that a series of purified condensed tannins (CTs) from warm-season perennial legumes exhibited high variability in their modulation of methane production during in vitro rumen digestion. The molecular weight differences between these CTs did not provide correlation with either the in vitro CH4 production or the ability to precipitate bovine serum albumin. In an effort to delineate other structure-activity relationships from these methane abatement experiments, the structures of purified CTs from these legumes were assessed with a combination of methanolysis, quantitative thiolysis, 1H-13C HSQC NMR spectroscopy and ultrahigh-resolution MALDI-TOF MS. The composition of these CTs is very diverse: procyanidin/prodelphinidin (PC/PD) ratios ranged from 98/2 to 2/98; cis/trans ratios ranged from 98/2 to 34/66; mean degrees of polymerization ranged from 6 to 39; and % galloylation ranged from 0 to 75%. No strong correlation was observed between methane production and the protein precipitation capabilities of the CT towards three different proteins (BSA, lysozyme, and alfalfa leaf protein) at ruminal pH. However, a strong non-linear correlation was observed for the inhibition of methane production versus the antioxidant activity in plant sample containing typical PC- and PD-type CTs. The modulation of methane production could not be correlated to the CT structure (PC/PD or cis/trans ratios and extent of galloylation). The most active plant in methane abatement was Acacia angustissima, which contained CT, presenting an unusual challenge as it was resistant to standard thiolytic degradation conditions and exhibited an atypical set of cross-peak signals in the 2D NMR. The MALDI analysis supported a 5-deoxy flavan-3-ol-based structure for the CT from this plant.

In vitro methane production and tolerance to condensed tannins in five ruminant species

2015 ◽  
Vol 205 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ives C.S. Bueno ◽  
Roberta A. Brandi ◽  
Raul Franzolin ◽  
Gabriela Benetel ◽  
Gisele M. Fagundes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methane Production ◽  
Condensed Tannins ◽  
Ruminant Species

The effect of chloroform introduced into the rumen of the lactating goat on the yield and composition of the milk

1980 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-60
Author(s):  
Saeid Basmaeil ◽  
John L. Clapperton
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Total Volatile ◽  
Combustible Gas ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid Concentration ◽  
Lactating Goats ◽  
The Individual

SummaryIn 2 experiments, chloroform was introduced into the rumen of lactating goats given a mixture of 40% chopped hay and 60% barley-based concentrates. The effects on food intake, apparent digestibility, rumen fermentation and the yield and composition of milk were measured. In expts 1 and 2 food intake was reduced by 7% and less than 1% respectively. There were no significant effects on apparent digestibility in expt 1, but there were significant increases in the apparent digestibility of the dry matter and organic matter in expt 2. The results of in vitro determinations suggested that the loss of energy in combustible gas was reduced by 52 and by 25% in expts 1 and 2 respectively. As a result of these changes, the metabolizability of the dietary energy was increased by 2·1 and 4·8% respectively. In both experiments, the total volatile fatty acid concentration in the rumen was reduced when chloroform was added and there were changes in the molar proportions of the individual fatty acids, principally a reduction in acetic acid and an increase in propionic acid. Milk yield was not affected, but the fat content of the milk was reduced and, in expt 1, the protein content was increased.

scholarly journals How Can the Combination of Pasta and Wine Affect the Digestibility of Polyphenols? A Simulated Digestion Study to Assess the Meal Antioxidant Properties

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Natalia S. Podio ◽  
Mariana S. Lingua ◽  
Daniel A. Wunderlin ◽  
María V. Baroni
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Total Polyphenol ◽  
Phenolic Profile ◽  
Simulated Digestion ◽  
Whole Wheat ◽  
Bioavailable Fraction ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Individual

There is limited information about how the co-digestion of different food matrices can affect the digestibility, bioaccessibility, and, hence, the effectiveness of their health beneficial compounds, such as polyphenols. This work aimed to study the effect of the co-digestion of a whole-wheat pasta dish and a glass of red wine on their individual antioxidant properties. Thus, changes in the total polyphenol content by Folin Ciocalteu, phenolic profile by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS, and in vitro antioxidant capacity (AC) by ABTS and FRAP methods were evaluated before and after simulated gastrointestinal digestions. Additionally, a final step of dialysis was included to verify the fraction of polyphenols that are potentially bioaccessible. Separate digestions of pasta and wine were used as controls. The results showed that the co-digestion increased the AC of the bioavailable fraction (measured by ABTS) with respect to the sum of the individual digestions. Moreover, differences in the bioaccessibility of some phenolics were also found, with an increase of 4 compounds characteristic of pasta and 5 of wine. This study shows that the co-ingestion of pasta and wine improves the antioxidant properties of individual food/beverage, pointing out the importance of further studies on co-digestion with different combinations of food/beverages containing bio-active compounds.

scholarly journals In vitro impact of condensed tannins on the caecal metabolites of chickens

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. e174733
Author(s):  
Mohammed Munis Dakheel ◽  
Mohammed Abdalmalek Ali Al-Bedhawi ◽  
Afnan Ahmed Al-Mnaser ◽  
Martin John Woodward ◽  
Marina Mora-Ortiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Condensed Tannins ◽  
Metabolic Profile ◽  
Black Locust ◽  
Robinia Pseudoacacia ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Feed Utilization ◽  
End Products ◽  
First Time ◽  
Acetate Butyrate

Tannins are a diverse group of plant phenolic compounds. Condensed tannins (CTs) represent a major subgroup of tannins and were extracted from tilia (Tilia L.) flowers and black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) leaves. These extracts were examined for their effects on the metabolic profile of chicken caeca. By using in vitro, a nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR), which was combined with multivariate statistics, the current study was applied for the first time to investigate how three different CT compositions, procyanidins (PC) and/or prodelphinidins (PD) units influenced the metabolic end-products in caecal contents of chickens. In the presence of tannins, glutamate, leucine, lysine, pyroglutamate, phenylalanine, proline, and sarcosine were significantly decreased. CT extracts significantly influenced the fermentation, increasing the concentrations of some fatty acids such as acetate, butyrate, and propionate whereas. In contrast, lactate decreased between the treatments. This study identified the key structural features of CTs that contain either high molar proportions of PD or PC, which might be useful to improve the efficiency of feed utilization in chickens.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document