The Protective Role of Exercise Against Age-Related Neurodegeneration

2021 ◽  
pp. 101543
Author(s):  
Alyson L. Sujkowski ◽  
Luke Hong ◽  
R.J. Wessells ◽  
Sokol V. Todi
Keyword(s):  
Protective Role ◽  
Age Related

scholarly journals The Protective Role of Sestrin2 in Atherosclerotic and Cardiac Diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 1200
Author(s):  
Yoshimi Kishimoto ◽  
Kazuo Kondo ◽  
Yukihiko Momiyama
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Atherosclerotic Disease ◽  
Cardiac Diseases ◽  
Compensatory Response ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Progression Of Atherosclerosis

Atherosclerotic disease, such as coronary artery disease (CAD), is known to be a chronic inflammatory disease, as well as an age-related disease. Excessive oxidative stress produced by reactive oxygen species (ROS) contributes to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Sestrin2 is an anti-oxidant protein that is induced by various stresses such as hypoxia, DNA damage, and oxidative stress. Sestrin2 is also suggested to be associated with aging. Sestrin2 is expressed and secreted mainly by macrophages, endothelial cells, and cardiomyocytes. Sestrin2 plays an important role in suppressing the production and accumulation of ROS, thus protecting cells from oxidative damage. Since sestrin2 is reported to have anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, it may play a protective role against the progression of atherosclerosis and may be a potential therapeutic target for the amelioration of atherosclerosis. Regarding the association between blood sestrin2 levels and atherosclerotic disease, the blood sestrin2 levels in patients with CAD or carotid atherosclerosis were reported to be high. High blood sestrin2 levels in patients with such atherosclerotic disease may reflect a compensatory response to increased oxidative stress and may help protect against the progression of atherosclerosis. This review describes the protective role of sestrin2 against the progression of atherosclerotic and cardiac diseases.

scholarly journals Involvement of insulin resistance in D-galactose-induced age-related dementia in rats: Protective role of metformin and saxagliptin

PLoS ONE ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. e0183565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Kenawy ◽  
Rehab Hegazy ◽  
Azza Hassan ◽  
Siham El-Shenawy ◽  
Nawal Gomaa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Age Related

scholarly journals Autophagy Protects Advanced Glycation End Product-Induced Apoptosis and Expression of MMP-3 and MMP-13 in Rat Chondrocytes

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenzhou Huang ◽  
Peng Ao ◽  
Jian Li ◽  
Tianlong Wu ◽  
Libiao Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Western Blotting ◽  
Annexin V ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Autophagic Flux ◽  
Advanced Glycation ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Glycation End Products ◽  
Induced Apoptosis ◽  
Related Proteins

Aging is one of the most prominent risk factors for the pathological progression of osteoarthritis (OA). One feature of age-related changes in OA is advanced glycation end products (AGEs) accumulation in articular cartilage. Autophagy plays a cellular housekeeping role by removing dysfunctional cellular organelles and proteins. However, the relationship between autophagy and AGE-associated OA is unknown. The aim of this study is to determine whether autophagy participates in the pathology of AGE-treated chondrocytes and to investigate the exact role of autophagy in AGE-induced cell apoptosis and expression of matrix metalloproteinase- (MMP-) 3 and MMP-13. AGEs induced notable apoptosis that was detected by Annexin V/PI double-staining, and the upregulation of MMP-3 and MMP-13 was confirmed by Western blotting. Autophagy-related proteins were also determined by Western blotting, and chondrocytes were transfected with mCherry-GFP-LC3B-adenovirus to monitor autophagic flux. As a result, autophagy significantly increased in chondrocytes and peaked at 6 h. Furthermore, rapamycin (RA) attenuated AGE-induced apoptosis and expression of MMP-3 and MMP-13 by autophagy activation. In contrast, pretreatment with autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA) enhanced the abovementioned effects of AGEs. We therefore demonstrated that autophagy is linked with AGE-related pathology in rat chondrocytes and plays a protective role in AGE-induced apoptosis and expression of MMP-3 and MMP-13.

A Possible Role for the Antioxidants Lutein and Zeaxanthin in Protecting against Age-Related Increases in Lens Density

Perception ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 26 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 166-166
Author(s):  
B R Hammond ◽  
J E Náñez
Keyword(s):  
Light Exposure ◽  
Latency Period ◽  
Crystalline Lens ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Relationship Of

Epidemiological data have identified a number of factors that influence risk of developing age-related cataract (ARC). For instance, factors that promote (eg smoking and light exposure) and factors that protect (eg antioxidants) against oxidative stress to the crystalline lens appear to increase and decrease risk of ARC, respectively. Although biochemical studies consistently support a protective role for antioxidants, the epidemiological data are inconsistent. Since ARC is a condition with a protracted latency period, it is possible that the inconsistencies present in the epidemiological literature may be due to the focus on cataractous patients. We focused on the lens health of individuals prior to cataract. Lens health was determined by measuring the optical density (OD) of the lens with a psychophysical technique. OD characterises many of the biochemical changes of the lens and is part of many systems used to classify ARC. Variance in lens OD, stratified by age, was examined for its relationship to variables thought to be important to the etiology of ARC. We report results for the relationship of lens OD to the antioxidants lutein and zeaxanthin (L and Z). For older individuals (>48 years) we noted a significant inverse relationship between dietary intake of L and Z and lens OD ( n=39, r=−0.34, p<0.015). This was not the case for younger individuals (24 – 36 years). This relationship is increased when L and Z are measured directly in the retina is a psychophysical technique. For older individuals, retinal L and Z (ie macular pigment) are inversely related to lens OD ( n=51, r=-0.47, p<0.001). These data are consistent with a role of L and Z in protecting against age-related increases in the OD of the crystalline lens.

scholarly journals Accelerated pre-senile systemic amyloidosis in PACAP knockout mice - a protective role of PACAP in age-related degenerative processes

2018 ◽  
Vol 245 (4) ◽  
pp. 478-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dora Reglodi ◽  
Adel Jungling ◽  
Rémi Longuespée ◽  
Joerg Kriegsmann ◽  
Rita Casadonte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Knockout Mice ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Systemic Amyloidosis ◽  
Senile Systemic Amyloidosis ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Degenerative Processes

The Role of Lutein in Eye Health

2010 ◽  
Vol 04 (01) ◽  
pp. 74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samanta Maci ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Blue Light ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Oxygen Intermediates ◽  
Human Diet ◽  
Eye Health ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Light Function

Lutein and zeaxanthin are oxycarotenoids that are naturally present in the typical human diet. They are the only two dietary carotenoids selectively deposited in the macula lutea, where they are referred to as the macular pigment (MP), and in the eye lens. The rationale for the protective role of lutein in the eye stems from its ability to filter short wavelengths of visible blue light, function as an antioxidant and stabilise membrane integrity. These functions are believed to play an important role in reducing light-induced oxidative damage caused by reactive oxygen intermediates and involved in the pathogenesis of age-related degenerative disease such as age-related macular degeneration and cataract. Recent research is now paying particular attention to the blue-light-filtering properties of lutein and zeaxanthin and to the role of MP in improving visual performance.

scholarly journals Utilizing Melatonin to Alleviate Side Effects of Chemotherapy: A Potentially Good Partner for Treating Cancer with Ageing

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Zhiqiang Ma ◽  
Liqun Xu ◽  
Dong Liu ◽  
Xiaoyan Zhang ◽  
Shouyin Di ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Alkylating Agents ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Protective Actions ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Comprehensive Reference

Persistent senescence seems to exert detrimental effects fostering ageing and age-related disorders, such as cancer. Chemotherapy is one of the most valuable treatments for cancer, but its clinical application is limited due to adverse side effects. Melatonin is a potent antioxidant and antiageing molecule, is nontoxic, and enhances the efficacy and reduces the side effects of chemotherapy. In this review, we first summarize the mitochondrial protective role of melatonin in the context of chemotherapeutic drug-induced toxicity. Thereafter, we tabulate the protective actions of melatonin against ageing and the harmful roles induced by chemotherapy and chemotherapeutic agents, including anthracyclines, alkylating agents, platinum, antimetabolites, mitotic inhibitors, and molecular-targeted agents. Finally, we discuss several novel directions for future research in this area. The information compiled in this review will provide a comprehensive reference for the protective activities of melatonin in the context of chemotherapy drug-induced toxicity and will contribute to the design of future studies and increase the potential of melatonin as a therapeutic agent.

scholarly journals Obesity and Density of the Crystalline Lens: Revisiting a Growing Dilemma

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed-Farzad Mohammadi ◽  
Mohsen Afarideh ◽  
Hadi Z. Mehrjardi ◽  
Sara Mirhadi
Keyword(s):  
Adult Population ◽  
Crystalline Lens ◽  
Population Group ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Optical Lens ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Lens Density

Background/Aims: Obesity is believed to accelerate age-related cataractogenesis through various biomechanisms. On the contrary, there are also studies advocating the protective role of obesity against the cataract formation process. We investigate the correlation of body mass index (BMI) as a measure for obesity with crystalline optical lens density and opacity in a healthy adult population. Methods: In a cross-sectional setting, 93 consecutive disease-free adult individuals who were working staff of a university-based hospital were assessed for the association between crystalline lens density and opalescence [measured by the objective Pentacam HR lens densitometry and subjective Lens Opacity Classification System III (LOCS III), respectively] with the degree of obesity as defined by BMI. Results: LOCS III and crystalline lens density readings were positively correlated [Spearman rho CC (p value) = 0.224 (0.034)]. However, we found neither LOCS III nor crystalline lens density to be correlated with BMI [Spearman rho CC = −0.008 (p = 0.943) and −0.062 (p = 0.560), respectively]. Conclusions: Results from the present study indicate a lack of association between obesity and densitometry of the crystalline in the adult population group. Further studies are required to confirm the order of causality and pathogenesis of this finding.

scholarly journals Protective role of Nrf2 in age-related hearing loss and gentamicin ototoxicity

2011 ◽  
Vol 415 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomofumi Hoshino ◽  
Keiji Tabuchi ◽  
Bungo Nishimura ◽  
Shuho Tanaka ◽  
Masahiro Nakayama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Gentamicin Ototoxicity ◽  
Age Related Hearing Loss
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