A Possible Role for the Antioxidants Lutein and Zeaxanthin in Protecting against Age-Related Increases in Lens Density

Perception ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 26 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 166-166
Author(s):  
B R Hammond ◽  
J E Náñez
Keyword(s):  
Light Exposure ◽  
Latency Period ◽  
Crystalline Lens ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Relationship Of

Epidemiological data have identified a number of factors that influence risk of developing age-related cataract (ARC). For instance, factors that promote (eg smoking and light exposure) and factors that protect (eg antioxidants) against oxidative stress to the crystalline lens appear to increase and decrease risk of ARC, respectively. Although biochemical studies consistently support a protective role for antioxidants, the epidemiological data are inconsistent. Since ARC is a condition with a protracted latency period, it is possible that the inconsistencies present in the epidemiological literature may be due to the focus on cataractous patients. We focused on the lens health of individuals prior to cataract. Lens health was determined by measuring the optical density (OD) of the lens with a psychophysical technique. OD characterises many of the biochemical changes of the lens and is part of many systems used to classify ARC. Variance in lens OD, stratified by age, was examined for its relationship to variables thought to be important to the etiology of ARC. We report results for the relationship of lens OD to the antioxidants lutein and zeaxanthin (L and Z). For older individuals (>48 years) we noted a significant inverse relationship between dietary intake of L and Z and lens OD ( n=39, r=−0.34, p<0.015). This was not the case for younger individuals (24 – 36 years). This relationship is increased when L and Z are measured directly in the retina is a psychophysical technique. For older individuals, retinal L and Z (ie macular pigment) are inversely related to lens OD ( n=51, r=-0.47, p<0.001). These data are consistent with a role of L and Z in protecting against age-related increases in the OD of the crystalline lens.

scholarly journals Obesity and Density of the Crystalline Lens: Revisiting a Growing Dilemma

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed-Farzad Mohammadi ◽  
Mohsen Afarideh ◽  
Hadi Z. Mehrjardi ◽  
Sara Mirhadi
Keyword(s):  
Adult Population ◽  
Crystalline Lens ◽  
Population Group ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Optical Lens ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Lens Density

Background/Aims: Obesity is believed to accelerate age-related cataractogenesis through various biomechanisms. On the contrary, there are also studies advocating the protective role of obesity against the cataract formation process. We investigate the correlation of body mass index (BMI) as a measure for obesity with crystalline optical lens density and opacity in a healthy adult population. Methods: In a cross-sectional setting, 93 consecutive disease-free adult individuals who were working staff of a university-based hospital were assessed for the association between crystalline lens density and opalescence [measured by the objective Pentacam HR lens densitometry and subjective Lens Opacity Classification System III (LOCS III), respectively] with the degree of obesity as defined by BMI. Results: LOCS III and crystalline lens density readings were positively correlated [Spearman rho CC (p value) = 0.224 (0.034)]. However, we found neither LOCS III nor crystalline lens density to be correlated with BMI [Spearman rho CC = −0.008 (p = 0.943) and −0.062 (p = 0.560), respectively]. Conclusions: Results from the present study indicate a lack of association between obesity and densitometry of the crystalline in the adult population group. Further studies are required to confirm the order of causality and pathogenesis of this finding.

scholarly journals The Protective Role of Sestrin2 in Atherosclerotic and Cardiac Diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 1200
Author(s):  
Yoshimi Kishimoto ◽  
Kazuo Kondo ◽  
Yukihiko Momiyama
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Atherosclerotic Disease ◽  
Cardiac Diseases ◽  
Compensatory Response ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Progression Of Atherosclerosis

Atherosclerotic disease, such as coronary artery disease (CAD), is known to be a chronic inflammatory disease, as well as an age-related disease. Excessive oxidative stress produced by reactive oxygen species (ROS) contributes to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Sestrin2 is an anti-oxidant protein that is induced by various stresses such as hypoxia, DNA damage, and oxidative stress. Sestrin2 is also suggested to be associated with aging. Sestrin2 is expressed and secreted mainly by macrophages, endothelial cells, and cardiomyocytes. Sestrin2 plays an important role in suppressing the production and accumulation of ROS, thus protecting cells from oxidative damage. Since sestrin2 is reported to have anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, it may play a protective role against the progression of atherosclerosis and may be a potential therapeutic target for the amelioration of atherosclerosis. Regarding the association between blood sestrin2 levels and atherosclerotic disease, the blood sestrin2 levels in patients with CAD or carotid atherosclerosis were reported to be high. High blood sestrin2 levels in patients with such atherosclerotic disease may reflect a compensatory response to increased oxidative stress and may help protect against the progression of atherosclerosis. This review describes the protective role of sestrin2 against the progression of atherosclerotic and cardiac diseases.

The Protective Role of Exercise Against Age-Related Neurodegeneration

2021 ◽  
pp. 101543
Author(s):  
Alyson L. Sujkowski ◽  
Luke Hong ◽  
R.J. Wessells ◽  
Sokol V. Todi
Keyword(s):  
Protective Role ◽  
Age Related

scholarly journals Decline in rates of clearance of IgG-sensitized erythrocytes with increasing age

Blood ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 1726-1730
Author(s):  
KA Melez ◽  
LF Fries ◽  
BS Bender ◽  
T Quinn ◽  
MM Frank
Keyword(s):  
Aging Process ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Immune Functions ◽  
Macrophage Function ◽  
Normal Volunteers ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Male Subjects

Decreased immune functions have been suggested as a cause for the increased incidence of autoimmunity, malignancy, and infection in the elderly population. To assess the possible role of changes in macrophage function in the aging process we studied the Fc receptor- mediated clearance of IgG-coated erythrocytes in 56 healthy normal volunteers by following the removal of radiolabeled autologous erythrocytes. An age-related decrease in Fc-mediated clearance rates in both female and male subjects was found, which suggests a physiological decline of this macrophage function in older individuals.

scholarly journals VACCINATION TO PROMOTE HEALTH THROUGHOUT LIFE AS A HEALTHY AGING STRATEGY

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S211-S211
Author(s):  
Leonard Friedland
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Target Antigen ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Demographic Shift ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Important Progress

Abstract This symposium addresses the role of vaccination to promote healthy aging, the process of developing and maintaining the functional ability that enables wellbeing in older age. Life-span immunization of adults across all age categories can help to reduce morbidity and mortality. Healthy aging is critical for our global society to counter the surge in healthcare costs that is coming as a result of the demographic shift to older age. Immune system function and response to vaccination declines with advancing age. Generating effective immune responses against new infectious disease targets can be difficult in older individuals. Important progress has been made in understanding the mechanisms underlying immunosenescence, the age-related decline of the immune response to infections and vaccinations. Innovative research and the development of new technologies, such as adjuvants, substances that can enhance and shape the immune response to the target antigen(s), has facilitated the development of vaccines specially tailored for adults. This evidence-based approach to the development of innovative vaccines addressing immunosenescence is an important clinically relevant healthy aging strategy to promote health throughout life.

scholarly journals Involvement of insulin resistance in D-galactose-induced age-related dementia in rats: Protective role of metformin and saxagliptin

PLoS ONE ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. e0183565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Kenawy ◽  
Rehab Hegazy ◽  
Azza Hassan ◽  
Siham El-Shenawy ◽  
Nawal Gomaa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Age Related

scholarly journals Autophagy Protects Advanced Glycation End Product-Induced Apoptosis and Expression of MMP-3 and MMP-13 in Rat Chondrocytes

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenzhou Huang ◽  
Peng Ao ◽  
Jian Li ◽  
Tianlong Wu ◽  
Libiao Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Western Blotting ◽  
Annexin V ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Autophagic Flux ◽  
Advanced Glycation ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Glycation End Products ◽  
Induced Apoptosis ◽  
Related Proteins

Aging is one of the most prominent risk factors for the pathological progression of osteoarthritis (OA). One feature of age-related changes in OA is advanced glycation end products (AGEs) accumulation in articular cartilage. Autophagy plays a cellular housekeeping role by removing dysfunctional cellular organelles and proteins. However, the relationship between autophagy and AGE-associated OA is unknown. The aim of this study is to determine whether autophagy participates in the pathology of AGE-treated chondrocytes and to investigate the exact role of autophagy in AGE-induced cell apoptosis and expression of matrix metalloproteinase- (MMP-) 3 and MMP-13. AGEs induced notable apoptosis that was detected by Annexin V/PI double-staining, and the upregulation of MMP-3 and MMP-13 was confirmed by Western blotting. Autophagy-related proteins were also determined by Western blotting, and chondrocytes were transfected with mCherry-GFP-LC3B-adenovirus to monitor autophagic flux. As a result, autophagy significantly increased in chondrocytes and peaked at 6 h. Furthermore, rapamycin (RA) attenuated AGE-induced apoptosis and expression of MMP-3 and MMP-13 by autophagy activation. In contrast, pretreatment with autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA) enhanced the abovementioned effects of AGEs. We therefore demonstrated that autophagy is linked with AGE-related pathology in rat chondrocytes and plays a protective role in AGE-induced apoptosis and expression of MMP-3 and MMP-13.

scholarly journals IMPACT OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY OF PRESCHOOL CHILDREN ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF EXECUTIVE FUNCTIONS: THEORETICAL REVIEW OF STUDIES

2020 ◽  
pp. 214-238
Author(s):  
Alla A. Tvardovskaya ◽  
Valerian F. Gabdulkhakov ◽  
Natalya N. Novik ◽  
Almira M. Garifullina
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Preschool Children ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Regulatory Functions ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Positive Effect

Relevance. The increase of children interest in entertainment TV programs, mobile applications and video games available on the internet causes a significant decrease in their physical activity: children get used to a sedentary or lying down lifestyle. The research problem lies in the contradiction that arises due to understanding of the positive effect of physical activity on the development of the regulatory functions of a preschooler, and a significant decrease in this activity in the digital conditions of the modern educational environment. The relevance and prospects of the study of the relationship between regulatory functions and physical activity of preschool children in new digital environment are not yet fully realized. The objective of the paper is to review the studies by foreign scientists in order to identify and describe relevant indicators of physical activity in preschool children interrelated with the main components of regulatory functions (inhibitory control, working memory, cognitive flexibility). Method. A theoretical review of research papers published over the past ten years (2010–2020) on the subject of relationship of various physical activity indicators and regulatory functions in preschool children. Results. The paper provides a comparative analysis of studies conducted by foreign authors. It allows to reveal basic indicators of physical activity in children which are essential for the development of regulatory functions (sufficiency of physical activity; age-related appropriateness; the nature of physical activity; the form of physical activity arrangement), and particular indicators (the relationship of physical activity and regulatory functions in various sports, duration and intensity of physical activity, the availability of software for the development of physical activity in preschool children) as well. Conclusions. The review showed that the majority of the authors emphasized the significant role of basic physical activity indicators and their influence on regulatory functions. Aerobic exercises are the most effective in the development of regulatory functions in preschool children. Particular indicators are selected from the studies of the development of regulatory functions in specific sports (football, karate, yoga, mini-trampoline), and additional research on the duration and intensity of physical activity is needed.

scholarly journals Role of age-related alterations of the cerebral venous circulation in the pathogenesis of vascular cognitive impairment

2019 ◽  
Vol 316 (5) ◽  
pp. H1124-H1140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabor A. Fulop ◽  
Stefano Tarantini ◽  
Andriy Yabluchanskiy ◽  
Andrea Molnar ◽  
Calin I. Prodan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cerebral Arteries ◽  
Vascular Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cerebral Veins ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Low Velocity ◽  
Venous Circulation ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Brain

There has been an increasing appreciation of the role of vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID) associated with old age. Strong preclinical and translational evidence links age-related dysfunction and structural alterations of the cerebral arteries, arterioles, and capillaries to the pathogenesis of many types of dementia in the elderly, including Alzheimer’s disease. The low-pressure, low-velocity, and large-volume venous circulation of the brain also plays critical roles in the maintenance of homeostasis in the central nervous system. Despite its physiological importance, the role of age-related alterations of the brain venous circulation in the pathogenesis of vascular cognitive impairment and dementia is much less understood. This overview discusses the role of cerebral veins in the pathogenesis of VCID. Pathophysiological consequences of age-related dysregulation of the cerebral venous circulation are explored, including blood-brain barrier disruption, neuroinflammation, exacerbation of neurodegeneration, development of cerebral microhemorrhages of venous origin, altered production of cerebrospinal fluid, impaired function of the glymphatics system, dysregulation of cerebral blood flow, and ischemic neuronal dysfunction and damage. Understanding the age-related functional and phenotypic alterations of the cerebral venous circulation is critical for developing new preventive, diagnostic, and therapeutic approaches to preserve brain health in older individuals.

Role of estrogen in the management of COVID – 19 in females

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 67-70
Author(s):  
Keerthi Chadam Venkatesulu ◽  
Shaik Habeeb Jan ◽  
Harika Sree Gaddam
Keyword(s):  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Therapeutic Benefits ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Disease Condition ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
The Difference

With the increase, the spread of COVID-19 its effect can be seen on health care systems seek innovative treatment ways as the need of the hour. The suspected leading cause of COVID-19 is due to the response to inflammations and the cytokine storm, which majorly damages the lung tissue. The difference in response to the vaccine can be seen due to different sex. Moreover, age-related decrease in sex steroid hormones like Estrogen as well as testosterone can promote pro-inflammatory raise in older individuals which in turn increases the risk of COVID-19 related adverse outcomes. Such sex hormones have the capacity of mitigating inflammatory response and can also provide promising therapeutic benefits for patients suffering from COVID-19. Moreover, over above the effects of on any ERS, these drugs showed useful ancillary properties. Most showed to highlight broader roles in mitigating viral replication by the ER-independent mechanisms as mentioned. Data simplifies ER modulation an apt pharmacological approach for restricting storm and thus prevents the inflammation due to COVID-19. Mainly the application of or tissue-selective estrogen complex can provide a pharmacological response. Such treatment options can be fruitful for both sexes in the early phase of such disease condition to prevent further progression of the disease to severe forms.

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