The interdependence between cardiovascular calcifications in different arterial beds and vascular risk factors in patients at high cardiovascular risk

2015 ◽  
Vol 238 (1) ◽  
pp. 140-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard A.P. Takx ◽  
Pieter Zanen ◽  
Tim Leiner ◽  
Yolanda van der Graaf ◽  
Pim A. de Jong
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Vascular Risk Factors ◽  
Vascular Risk ◽  
High Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Calcifications

Risk Factors, Lifestyle Behaviors, and Vascular Brain Health

Stroke ◽  
2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca F. Gottesman ◽  
Sudha Seshadri
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
White Matter Hyperintensities ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Vascular Risk Factors ◽  
Lifestyle Behaviors ◽  
Vascular Risk ◽  
Brain Health ◽  
Reduce Risk

Although a relationship between traditional cardiovascular risk factors and stroke has long been recognized, these risk factors likely play a role in other aspects of brain health. Clinical stroke is only the tip of the iceberg of vascular brain injury that includes covert infarcts, white matter hyperintensities, and microbleeds. Furthermore, an individual’s risk for not only stroke but poor brain health includes not only these traditional vascular risk factors but also lifestyle and genetic factors. The purpose of this narrative review is to summarize the state of the evidence on traditional and nontraditional vascular risk factors and their contributions to brain health. Additionally, we will review important modifiers that interact with these risk factors to increase, or, in some cases, reduce risk of adverse brain health outcomes, with an emphasis on genes and biomarkers associated with Alzheimer disease. Finally, we will consider the importance of social determinants of health in brain health outcomes.

scholarly journals Statin usage, vascular diagnosis and vascular risk factors in Parkinson’s disease

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 104-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelvin KW Cheng ◽  
Diane MA Swallow ◽  
Katherine A Grosset ◽  
Donald G Grosset
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Statin Therapy ◽  
Cardiac Risk ◽  
Vascular Risk Factors ◽  
Vascular Risk ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Statin Use

Background and aims Vascular disease is a common comorbidity in Parkinson’s disease patients. Statins are potentially neuroprotective for Parkinson’s disease through non-vascular mechanisms. We investigated prevailing statin use in a Parkinson’s disease cohort. Methods and results Data on diagnostic indication for statins, anti-Parkinson therapy, vascular risk factors, and statin prescription, were obtained from electronic medical record review for consecutive Parkinson’s disease patients. The ASsessing cardiac risk using Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network system was used to calculate future cardiovascular risk and identify those warranting statin use. Of 441 patients included, 59.9% were male, with a mean age of 68.9 years (standard deviation 10.3). One hundred and seventy-four (39.5%) patients had at least one diagnostic indication for statin use, of whom 136 (78.2%) were prescribed a statin. In the 267 (60.5%) cases without a diagnostic indication, 54 (20.2%) were excluded owing to age limitations defined in ASsessing cardiac risk using Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network. Of the remaining 213, 62 (29.1%) had an ASsessing cardiac risk using Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network score in the recommended range for statin therapy, of whom 15 (24.1%) were prescribed statins. Conclusion There is suboptimal implementation of statin therapy in Parkinson’s disease patients. Given the possible neuroprotective effects of statins in Parkinson’s disease in addition to reducing cardiovascular risk, reasons for suboptimal implementation warrant further investigation.

1178-P: Multicomponent Integrated Care Program Benefits on Cardiovascular Risk Factors for Adults with Diabetes and High Cardiovascular Risk: The DIABEMPIC Program

Diabetes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 1178-P ◽  
Author(s):  
RUBÉN SILVA-TINOCO ◽  
ENEDINA TERESA C. CUATECONTZI ◽  
VIRIDIANA DELATORRE-SALDAÑA ◽  
EILEEN B. GUZMAN ◽  
DOLORES CABRERA-GERARDO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Integrated Care ◽  
Care Program ◽  
High Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Program Benefits

The Spectrum of Cerebrovascular Disease and Associated Cognitive Decline

2019 ◽  
pp. 574-599
Author(s):  
Victoria J. Williams ◽  
Steven E. Arnold ◽  
David H. Salat
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cerebrovascular Disease ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Vascular Dementia ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Vascular Risk Factors ◽  
Vascular Health ◽  
Vascular Risk ◽  
And Function

Throughout the lifespan, common variations in systemic health and illness contribute to alterations in vasculature structure and function throughout the body, significantly increasing risk for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease (CVD). CVD is a prevalent cause of mortality in late life; it also promotes brain alterations, contributing to cognitive decline and, when severe, vascular dementia. Even prior to diseased states, individual variation in CVD risk is associated with structural and functional brain alterations. Yet, how cumulative asymptomatic alterations in vessel structure and function contribute to more subtle changes in brain tissue integrity and function that emerge in late life is unclear. Finally, vascular risk factors are associated with the clinical progression of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD); however, recent theory posits that vascular degeneration may serve a contributory role in these conditions. This chapter reviews how lifespan changes in vascular health contribute to degenerative changes in neural tissue and the subsequent development of cognitive impairment and/or vascular dementia. It first discusses associations between vascular risk factors and cognition and also how declining vascular health may lead to cognitive impairment and dementia. Next, it identifies basic aspects of cerebrovascular anatomy and physiology sustaining tissue health and discusses how vulnerabilities of this system contribute to neurodegenerative changes. Finally, it reviews evidence of vascular contributions to AD and presents ideas for future research to better understand the full spectrum of cerebrovascular contributions to brain aging, cognitive decline, and dementia.

scholarly journals The impact of vascular risk factors on the thickness and volume of the choroid in AMD patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Krytkowska ◽  
Aleksandra Grabowicz ◽  
Katarzyna Mozolewska-Piotrowska ◽  
Zofia Ulańczyk ◽  
Krzysztof Safranow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Vascular Risk Factors ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Vascular Risk ◽  
Average Volume ◽  
Central Ring ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Wet Amd

AbstractDisturbances in choroidal microcirculation may lead to the onset and progression of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). We aimed to assess changes in the choroidal volume and thickness in the macular region in AMD eyes and to investigate whether coexisting vascular risk factors alter choroidal status. We enrolled 354 AMD patients (175 dry, 179 wet AMD) and 121 healthy controls. All participants underwent a complete ophthalmologic examination and assessment of choroidal thickness and volume. A multivariate analysis adjusted for age, sex, and smoking status revealed that wet AMD was an independent factor associated with higher average thickness of the central ring area (ATC) and average volume of the central ring area (AVC) and lower choroidal vascularity index (CVI) compared to controls (β =  + 0.18, p = 0.0007, β =  + 0.18, p = 0.0008, respectively) and to dry AMD (β =  + 0.17, p = 0.00003 for both ATC and AVC and β =  − 0.30 p < 0.0001 for CVI). ATC, AVC and average volume (AV) were lower in AMD patients with hypertension and ischaemic heart disease (IHD). The duration of hypertension was inversely correlated with ATC, AVC and AV (Rs =  − 0.13, p < 0.05; Rs =  − 0.12; p < 0.05, Rs =  − 0.12; p < 0.05, respectively) while IHD duration negatively correlated with AV (Rs =  − 0.15, p < 0.05). No such associations were observed in the control group. Our findings show that the choroidal vascular system in eyes with AMD is much more susceptible to damage in the presence than in the absence of systemic vascular disease.

Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease in Patients Undergoing Peritoneal Dialysis

2007 ◽  
Vol 27 (2_suppl) ◽  
pp. 205-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elvia García–López ◽  
Juan J. Carrero ◽  
Mohamed E. Suliman ◽  
Bengt Lindholm ◽  
Peter Stenvinkel
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Pressure Control ◽  
High Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Research ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Glycation End Products ◽  
Anemia Management ◽  
Altered Lipid

Patients on peritoneal dialysis (PD) are at high cardiovascular risk. Although some risk factors are unmodifiable (for example, age, sex, genetics), others are exacerbated in the unfriendly uremic milieu (inflammation, oxidative stress, mineral disturbances) or contribute per se to kidney disease and cardiovascular progression (diabetes mellitus, hypertension). Moreover, several factors associated with PD therapy may both increase (by altered lipid profile, hyperinsulinemia, and formation of advanced glycation end-products) and decrease (by better blood pressure control and anemia management) cardiovascular risk. The present review discusses recent findings and therapy trends in cardiovascular research on the PD population, with emphasis on the roles of inflammation, insulin resistance, homocysteinemia, dyslipidemia, vascular calcification, and genetics/epigenetics.

scholarly journals Clinical profiles and quality of care of subjects with type 2 diabetes according to their cardiovascular risk: an observational, retrospective study

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Basilio Pintaudi ◽  
Alessia Scatena ◽  
Gabriella Piscitelli ◽  
Vera Frison ◽  
Salvatore Corrao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Quality Of Care ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
High Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Very High

Abstract Background The European Society of Cardiology (ESC) recently defined cardiovascular risk classes for subjects with diabetes. Aim of this study was to explore the distribution of subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2D) by cardiovascular risk groups according to the ESC classification and to describe the quality indicators of care, with particular regard to cardiovascular risk factors. Methods The study is based on data extracted from electronic medical records of patients treated at the 258 Italian diabetes centers participating in the AMD Annals initiative. Patients with T2D were stratified by cardiovascular risk. General descriptive indicators, measures of intermediate outcomes, intensity/appropriateness of pharmacological treatment for diabetes and cardiovascular risk factors, presence of other complications and overall quality of care were evaluated. Results Overall, 473,740 subjects with type 2 diabetes (78.5% at very high cardiovascular risk, 20.9% at high risk and 0.6% at moderate risk) were evaluated. Among people with T2D at very high risk: 26.4% had retinopathy, 39.5% had albuminuria, 18.7% had a previous major cardiovascular event, 39.0% had organ damage, 89.1% had three or more risk factors. The use of DPP4-i markedly increased as cardiovascular risk increased. The prescription of secretagogues also increased and that of GLP1-RAs tended to increase. The use of SGLT2-i was still limited, and only slightly higher in subjects with very high cardiovascular risk. The overall quality of care, as summarized by the Q score, tended to be lower as the level of cardiovascular risk increased. Conclusions A large proportion of subjects with T2D is at high or very high risk. Glucose-lowering drug therapies seem not to be adequately used with respect to their potential advantages in terms of cardiovascular risk reduction. Several actions are necessary to improve the quality of care.

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