scholarly journals Skewing of the Antibody Repertoire in Cerebrospinal Fluid B Cells from Healthy Controls and Patients with Schizophrenia

2022 ◽  
pp. 113743
Author(s):  
Sehba Husain-Krautter ◽  
Jihui Lee ◽  
Duncan Vos ◽  
Juan A. Gallego ◽  
Anil K. Malhotra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
B Cells ◽  
Antibody Repertoire ◽  
Healthy Controls

scholarly journals Cerebrospinal Fluid α-Synuclein Species in Cognitive and Movements Disorders

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 119
Author(s):  
Vasilios C. Constantinides ◽  
Nour K. Majbour ◽  
George P. Paraskevas ◽  
Ilham Abdi ◽  
Bared Safieh-Garabedian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Multiple System Atrophy ◽  
Progressive Supranuclear Palsy ◽  
Movement Disorders ◽  
Corticobasal Degeneration ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Frontotemporal Degeneration ◽  
Blood Contamination ◽  
Dementia Patients ◽  
Specificity And Sensitivity

Total CSF α-synuclein (t-α-syn), phosphorylated α-syn (pS129-α-syn) and α-syn oligomers (o-α-syn) have been studied as candidate biomarkers for synucleinopathies, with suboptimal specificity and sensitivity in the differentiation from healthy controls. Studies of α-syn species in patients with other underlying pathologies are lacking. The aim of this study was to investigate possible alterations in CSF α-syn species in a cohort of patients with diverse underlying pathologies. A total of 135 patients were included, comprising Parkinson’s disease (PD; n = 13), multiple system atrophy (MSA; n = 9), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP; n = 13), corticobasal degeneration (CBD; n = 9), Alzheimer’s disease (AD; n = 51), frontotemporal degeneration (FTD; n = 26) and vascular dementia patients (VD; n = 14). PD patients exhibited higher pS129-α-syn/α-syn ratios compared to FTD (p = 0.045), after exclusion of samples with CSF blood contamination. When comparing movement disorders (i.e., MSA vs. PD vs. PSP vs. CBD), MSA patients had lower α-syn levels compared to CBD (p = 0.024). Patients with a synucleinopathy (PD and MSA) exhibited lower t-α-syn levels (p = 0.002; cut-off value: ≤865 pg/mL; sensitivity: 95%, specificity: 69%) and higher pS129-/t-α-syn ratios (p = 0.020; cut-off value: ≥0.122; sensitivity: 71%, specificity: 77%) compared to patients with tauopathies (PSP and CBD). There are no significant α-syn species alterations in non-synucleinopathies.

scholarly journals The inflammatory profile of cerebrospinal fluid, plasma, and saliva from patients with severe neuropathic pain and healthy controls-a pilot study

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mika Jönsson ◽  
Björn Gerdle ◽  
Bijar Ghafouri ◽  
Emmanuel Bäckryd
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Neuropathic Pain ◽  
Pain Intensity ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Partial Least Square Regression ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Inflammatory Profile

Abstract Background Neuropathic pain (NeuP) is a complex, debilitating condition of the somatosensory system, where dysregulation between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines are believed to play a pivotal role. As of date, there is no ubiquitously accepted diagnostic test for NeuP and current therapeutic interventions are lacking in efficacy. The aim of this study was to investigate the ability of three biofluids - saliva, plasma, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), to discriminate an inflammatory profile at a central, systemic, and peripheral level in NeuP patients compared to healthy controls. Methods The concentrations of 71 cytokines, chemokines and growth factors in saliva, plasma, and CSF samples from 13 patients with peripheral NeuP and 13 healthy controls were analyzed using a multiplex-immunoassay based on an electrochemiluminescent detection method. The NeuP patients were recruited from a clinical trial of intrathecal bolus injection of ziconotide (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT01373983). Multivariate data analysis (principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least square regression) was used to identify proteins significant for group discrimination and protein correlation to pain intensity. Proteins with variable influence of projection (VIP) value higher than 1 (combined with the jack-knifed confidence intervals in the coefficients plot not including zero) were considered significant. Results We found 17 cytokines/chemokines that were significantly up- or down-regulated in NeuP patients compared to healthy controls. Of these 17 proteins, 8 were from saliva, 7 from plasma, and 2 from CSF samples. The correlation analysis showed that the most important proteins that correlated to pain intensity were found in plasma (VIP > 1). Conclusions Investigation of the inflammatory profile of NeuP showed that most of the significant proteins for group separation were found in the less invasive biofluids of saliva and plasma. Within the NeuP patient group it was also seen that proteins in plasma had the highest correlation to pain intensity. These preliminary results indicate a potential for further biomarker research in the more easily accessible biofluids of saliva and plasma for chronic peripheral neuropathic pain where a combination of YKL-40 and MIP-1α in saliva might be of special interest for future studies that also include other non-neuropathic pain states.

scholarly journals Reduced peripheral blood regulatory B cell levels are not associated with the Expanded Disability Status Scale score in multiple sclerosis

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (9) ◽  
pp. 3970-3978 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shujun Guo ◽  
Qingqing Chen ◽  
Xiaoli Liang ◽  
Mimi Mu ◽  
Jing He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
B Cells ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Memory B Cells ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Expanded Disability Status Scale ◽  
Disability Status ◽  
Edss Score

Objective To investigate levels of regulatory B (Breg) cells, plasma cells, and memory B cells in the peripheral blood, and interleukin (IL)-10 in the serum of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, and to determine the correlation between Breg cell levels and the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score. Methods Levels of Breg cells, plasma cells, and memory B cells in the peripheral blood of 12 MS patients were measured using flow cytometry. IL-10 serum levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The correlation between Breg cell levels and MS EDSS score was measured using Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Results Compared with healthy controls, MS patients had decreased levels of CD19+CD24hiCD38hi Breg cells in their peripheral blood and reduced serum levels of IL-10; however, the ratios of CD19+CD27hiCD38hi plasma cells and CD19+CD27+CD24hi memory B cells to total B cells did not differ significantly between healthy controls and MS patients. CD19+CD24hiCD38hi Breg cell levels in the peripheral blood of MS patients were not significantly correlated with MS EDSS score. Conclusion Peripheral blood CD19+CD24hiCD38hi Breg cell levels and serum IL-10 levels were reduced in MS patients compared with controls, but Breg cell levels were not correlated with MS EDSS score.

scholarly journals Microscopic Particles in Two Fractions of Fresh Cerebrospinal Fluid in Twins with Schizophrenia or Bipolar Disorder and in Healthy Controls

PLoS ONE ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. e45994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viktoria Johansson ◽  
Rolf Nybom ◽  
Lennart Wetterberg ◽  
Christina M. Hultman ◽  
Tyrone D. Cannon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Healthy Controls

scholarly journals Elevated Neurofilament Light Chain in Cerebrospinal Fluid and Plasma Reflect Inflammatory MRI Activity in Neurosarcoidosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 238
Author(s):  
Keld-Erik Byg ◽  
Helle H. Nielsen ◽  
Tobias Sejbaek ◽  
Jonna Skov Madsen ◽  
Dorte Aalund Olsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Light Chain ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Neurofilament Light Chain ◽  
Neurofilament Light ◽  
Potential Biomarker ◽  
Fluid Levels

Background: Damage to axonal cells releases neurofilament light chain (NFL) into the cerebrospinal fluid and plasma. The objective of this study was to investigate NFL as a potential biomarker of disease activity in neurosarcoidosis. MRIs were graded according to enhancing lesions at different central nervous system (CNS) sites. Results: In cerebrospinal fluid, levels of NFL were higher in neurosarcoidosis patients (n = 20) median 2304 pg/mL (interquartile range (IQR) 630–19,612) compared to 426 pg/mL (IQR 261-571) in extra-neurologic sarcoidosis patients (n = 20) and 336 pg/mL (IQR 194–402) in healthy controls (n = 11) (p = 0.0002). In plasma, levels of NFL were higher in neurosarcoidosis patients median 28.2 pg/mL (IQR 11.5–49.3) compared to 6.2 pg/mL (IQR 4.3–8.2) in extra-neurologic sarcoidosis patients and 7.1 pg/mL (IQR 6.2–9.0) in healthy controls (p = 0.0001). Levels in both cerebrospinal fluid and plasma were higher in neurosarcoidosis patients with moderate/severe enhancement than patients with mild enhancement on MRI (p = 0.009 and p = 0.005, respectively). To distinguish neurosarcoidosis patients from extra-neurologic patients and healthy controls, a cut-off level of 630 pg/mL in cerebrospinal fluid had 94% specificity and 79% sensitivity, while a cut-off level of 11.4 pg/mL in plasma had 97% specificity and 75% sensitivity. Conclusions: NFL levels in cerebrospinal fluid and plasma are significantly higher in neurosarcoidosis patients compared to extra-neurologic patients and healthy controls, and the levels correlate to the extent of inflammation on MRI.

Study of Guillain-Barre syndrome etiology in Pakistani patients

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rashid Iqbal ◽  
Muhammad Javaid Asad ◽  
Saima Siddiqi ◽  
Raja Tahir Mahmood ◽  
Muhamamd Baseer Shah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Nerve Conduction ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Guillain Barre Syndrome ◽  
Clinical Feature ◽  
Interleukin 17 ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Guillain Barré Syndrome ◽  
Guillain Barré

Objective: To examine clinical features, biochemical markers, demographic features, antecedent infections, frequency and treatment strategies. Methods: This case-control study was conducted at Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences (PIMS), Islamabad, Pakistan and District Headquarters Hospital (DHQ), Rawalpindi, Pakistan from 2018 to 2020. Ninety consecutive patients of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) and 77 healthy controls were enrolled. Patients were diagnosed by clinical presentation, Nerve conduction study (NCS), Electromyography (EMG), Cerebrospinal fluid analysis (CSF) and biochemical profile. Data was analyzed on IBM SPSS version 23. Results: Symmetrical ascending weakness was the striking clinical feature. Mean age was 40.20±14.90 years and male to female ratio was 2.1:1. Acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (AIDP) was found to be the most common electrophysiological variant of GBS (46%). There was considerable difference in Interleukin-17(IL-17) levels between GBS patients 23.12 ± 3.41 pg/ml and healthy controls 8.82 ± 2.49. Mean IL-17 level was markedly increased in GBS patients, P=0.006, P<0.05. Gastrointestinal infection was the most common preceding infection (56.66%). Mean CSF protein was 100.83 g/dl with ± 51.32 standard deviation and albumio cytologic dissociation (ACD) was different in all four variants of GBS, P= 0.005. Conclusion: GBS was presented by all ages. Males were more affected than females. About two third of GBS patients showed an antecedent infection before GBS onset. Increased levels of cytokine (IL-17) showed involvement of autoimmunity. ACD differentiated it from poliomyelitis. Plasmapheresis and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapy were used to treat patients. Key words: Guillain-Barré Syndrome; cerebrospinal fluid; albuminocytologic dissociation; nerve conduction studies; variants; electromyography Continuous....

Cerebrospinal Fluid Levels of 14-3-3 Gamma: What Does It Tell Us About Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease?

Pharmacology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 100 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 243-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Humpel ◽  
Thomas Benke
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
Short Report ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Jakob Disease ◽  
Csf Levels ◽  
Fluid Levels ◽  
Very High ◽  
Probable Diagnosis

Clinical diagnosis of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) can be supported by the analysis of Tau and 14-3-3 in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). In this short report, we report about a retrospective analysis performed on 2,296 routinely collected CSF samples, and 44 samples with a ratio of phosphoTau181/Tau <0.075 were selected. Analysis was performed with a novel 14-3-3 gamma CircuLex Elisa. We show that control levels were around 6,000 AU/mL and samples from Alzheimer patients were not different from those collected from healthy controls. Four cases of verified CJD had 14-3-3 CSF levels of >100,000 AU/mL, while 10 out of 12 suspected CJD samples with 14-3-3 CSF levels between 50,000-100,000 AU/mL were CJD positive. All samples with 14-3-3 levels between 15,000 and 50,000 AU/mL were not CJD cases but disorders with complex neuropathology. In conclusion, our data suggests that in CSF samples with a phospho-Tau-181/Tau ratio <0.075 CSF levels of 14-3-3 should be analyzed. Our data suggests a very high risk for CJD with 14-3-3 levels above 100,000 AU/mL and a probable diagnosis of CJD based on laboratory parameters above 50,000 AU/mL.

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