scholarly journals The use of Mount Etna volcanic ash in the production of bricks with good physical-mechanical performance: Converting a problematic waste product into a resource for the construction industry

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Cultrone
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
Volcanic Ash ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Waste Product ◽  
Mount Etna

scholarly journals Physico-mechanical properties of plywood bonded with ecological adhesives from Acacia mollissima tannins and lignosulfonates

2017 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 34813 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naima Rhazi ◽  
Mina Oumam ◽  
Abdessadek Sesbou ◽  
Hassan Hannache ◽  
Fatima Charrier-El Bouhtoury
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Phenol Formaldehyde ◽  
Waste Product ◽  
Formaldehyde Emission ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Press Temperature ◽  
Pulp Industry ◽  
Pressing Time ◽  
Chemical Conditions

The objective of this research was to develop ecological adhesives for bonding plywood panels using lignosulfonates, a common waste product of the wood pulp industry, and natural tannin extracted from Moroccan bark of Acacia mollissima using different process. Natural tannin and lignin were used in wood adhesives formulation to substitute resins based on phenol and formaldehyde. To achieve this, the lignosulfonates were glyoxalated to enhance their reactivity and the used tannins obtained by three different extraction methods were compared with commercial mimosa tannin. The proportion of Acacia mollissima tannins and lignosulfonates, the pressing time, the pressing temperature, and the pressure used were studied to improve mechanical properties, and bonding quality of plywood panel. The properties of plywood panels produced with these adhesives were tested in accordance with normative tests. Thus, the tensile strength, and the shear strength were measured. The results showed that the performance of the plywood panels made using biobased tannin adhesives was influenced by physical conditions such as pressure, press temperature as well as by chemical conditions, such as the tannin-lignin ratio. It exhibited excellent mechanical properties comparable to commercially available phenol-formaldehyde plywood adhesives. This study showed that biobased adhesives formulations presented good and higher mechanical performance and no formaldehyde emission.

scholarly journals Volcanic Ash as a Sustainable Binder Material: An Extensive Review

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 1302
Author(s):  
Andrés Játiva ◽  
Evelyn Ruales ◽  
Miren Etxeberria
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Portland Cement ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Volcanic Ash ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Cement Clinker ◽  
Alkali Activation ◽  
Cement Production ◽  
Sustainable Solutions ◽  
Alkali Activated

The construction industry is affected by the constant growth in the populations of urban areas. The demand for cement production has an increasing environmental impact, and there are urgent demands for alternative sustainable solutions. Volcanic ash (VA) is an abundant low-cost material that, because of its chemical composition and amorphous atomic structure, has been considered as a suitable material to replace Portland cement clinker for use as a binder in cement production. In the last decade, there has been interest in using alkali-activated VA material as an alternative material to replace ordinary Portland cement. In this way, a valuable product may be derived from a currently under-utilized material. Additionally, alkali-activated VA-based materials may be suitable for building applications because of their good densification behaviour, mechanical properties and low porosity. This article describes the most relevant findings from researchers around the world on the role of the chemical composition and mineral contents of VA on reactivity during the alkali-activation reaction; the effect of synthesis factors, which include the concentration of the alkaline activator, the solution-to-binder ratio and the curing conditions, on the properties of alkali-activated VA-based materials; and the mechanical performance and durability properties of these materials.

scholarly journals The Potentials of Iron and Steel Slags as Supplementary Cementitious Materials in the Nigerian Construction Industry: A Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 208-218
Author(s):  
O. R. Ogirigbo ◽  
J. O. Ukpata ◽  
I. Inerhunwa
Keyword(s):  
Portland Cement ◽  
Construction Industry ◽  
Waste Product ◽  
Steel Production ◽  
Cementitious Materials ◽  
Supplementary Cementitious Materials ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Iron And Steel ◽  
Tropical Environments ◽  
Iron And Steel Production

Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS) is a type of Supplementary Cementitious Material (SCM) that is currently being used extensively in the global construction industry. SCMs are cheaper than Portland cement, help to improve certain properties of concrete and also help to reduce the environmental footprint associated with the production of Portland cement. GGBS is readily available in most parts of the world as a waste product from iron and steel production. However, its use as a SCM in some countries has not been fully maximized. This is primarily because of lack of documented studies on the properties of GGBS that influences its suitability as a SCM, especially in tropical environments. This paper reviewed the use of GGBS as a SCM for the partial replacement of Portland cement, with particular emphasis on its potential use in tropical warm environments such as Nigeria and other similar countries.

Iron release in aqueous environment by fresh volcanic ash from Mount Etna (Italy) and Popocatépetl (Mexico) volcanoes

2018 ◽  
Vol 77 (13) ◽  
Author(s):  
Giancarlo Capitani ◽  
Nobuyoshi Miyajima ◽  
Roberto Sulpizio ◽  
Maria D’Addabbo ◽  
Lucia Galimberti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volcanic Ash ◽  
Mount Etna ◽  
Aqueous Environment ◽  
Iron Release

Health Effects of Environmental Contamination due to Volcanic Ash from Mount Etna (Sicily, Italy) in Autumn 2002

Epidemiology ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 17 (Suppl) ◽  
pp. S159 ◽  
Author(s):  
V Fano ◽  
A Cernigliaro ◽  
S Scondotto ◽  
M Cuccia ◽  
F Forastiere ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Effects ◽  
Environmental Contamination ◽  
Volcanic Ash ◽  
Mount Etna

scholarly journals Volcanic ash modeling with the online NMMB-MONARCH-ASH v1.0 model: model description, case simulation, and evaluation

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 4005-4030 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Marti ◽  
Arnau Folch ◽  
Oriol Jorba ◽  
Zavisa Janjic
Keyword(s):  
Volcanic Ash ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Weather Prediction ◽  
Mount Etna ◽  
Model Description ◽  
Tephra Dispersal ◽  
Coupling Strategy ◽  
Simulation And Evaluation ◽  
Ash Cloud

Abstract. Traditionally, tephra transport and dispersal models have evolved decoupled (offline) from numerical weather prediction models. There is a concern that inconsistencies and shortcomings associated with this coupling strategy might lead to errors in the ash cloud forecast. Despite this concern and the significant progress in improving the accuracy of tephra dispersal models in the aftermath of the 2010 Eyjafjallajökull and 2011 Cordón Caulle eruptions, to date, no operational online dispersal model is available to forecast volcanic ash. Here, we describe and evaluate NMMB-MONARCH-ASH, a new online multi-scale meteorological and transport model that attempts to pioneer the forecast of volcanic aerosols at operational level. The model forecasts volcanic ash cloud trajectories, concentration of ash at relevant flight levels, and the expected deposit thickness for both regional and global configurations. Its online coupling approach improves the current state-of-the-art tephra dispersal models, especially in situations where meteorological conditions are changing rapidly in time, two-way feedbacks are significant, or distal ash cloud dispersal simulations are required. This work presents the model application for the first phases of the 2011 Cordón Caulle and 2001 Mount Etna eruptions. The computational efficiency of NMMB-MONARCH-ASH and its application results compare favorably with other long-range tephra dispersal models, supporting its operational implementation.

scholarly journals The Design and Material Characterization of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement Enriched Concrete for Construction Purposes

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 4986
Author(s):  
Jaroslav Pokorný ◽  
Radek Ševčík ◽  
Jiří Šál
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Asphalt Mixes ◽  
Reclaimed Asphalt ◽  
Natural Aggregate ◽  
Innovative Products

Reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) is a valuable commodity originating during processes of road/highways rehabilitations, resurfacing in the cases of the revelation of underneath-placed layers. Removed material can be successfully recycled and utilized as a supplementing material for new hot asphalt mixes. However, its dosages are limited because of variations in properties of aged bitumen compared to fresh material and, thus, a significant amount of waste material is remaining as waste products. Nonetheless, this commodity may find usage in the construction industry that suffers from a shortage of high-quality and easily available aggregates. This work aimed to investigate the optimal substitution of mined natural aggregate with commonly available RAP in order to produce composites with the comparable mechanical performance of reference ordinary Portland concrete. The aggregate substitutions up to 100% with RAP have been studied with a combination of mechanical and analytical techniques. Obtained experimental data showed changes in the porous structure, mineralogy, and in the amount of formed cement-related hydration products that influenced the mechanical performance of produced composites. Composite with 10% of natural aggregate substitution with RAP has shown the strength class C16/20 after 28 days of water curing, according to the EN 206-1. Such innovative products could be utilized in the construction industry. The usage of waste RAP could contribute to preservation of our environment for future generations.

scholarly journals Selection of Sustainable Supplementary Concrete Materials Using OSM-AHP-TOPSIS Approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd. Ahmed ◽  
M. N. Qureshi ◽  
Javed Mallick ◽  
Nabil Ben Kahla
Keyword(s):  
Decision Support ◽  
Construction Industry ◽  
Waste Product ◽  
Resource Scarcity ◽  
Scoring Method ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Decision Support Framework ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Concrete Materials ◽  
Selection Of

Due to resource scarcity, environmental impact, and socioeconomic constraints, sustainable criteria should be given prime importance in the construction industry. The sustainability in concrete can be attained using supplementary materials. The numbers of supplementary concrete materials (SCMs) are available ranging from industries by-products, agro-products, waste product, and newly engineered materials. The selection of the supplementary materials is challenging due to the wide range of environmental, technical, and economic constraints. The paper proposes a decision support framework considering technical, environmental, social, and economic sustainability criteria for ranking of concrete supplementary material. The decision framework includes the optimal scoring method- (OSM-) based shortlisting of supplementary materials, with technical and cost characteristics, and subsequent prioritizing material according to sustainable potentiality order using AHP-TOPSIS. The stability of the ranking of sustainable concrete supplementary materials has been verified using sensitivity analysis. The present study develops decision support framework by employing technical characteristics of the most technically sound material used as concrete material. The technical, environmental, and socioeconomic sustainable performance indicators have considered its selection to obtain much needed sustainability and to boost the eco-friendly environment. From the proposed MCDM framework, it is found that engineered siliceous materials and agriculture-based industrial waste products as SCMs will prove to be most sustainable in the construction industry.

scholarly journals Three-Dimensional Printing Using Recycled High-Density Polyethylene: Technological Challenges and Future Directions for Construction

Buildings ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faham Tahmasebinia ◽  
Marjo Niemelä ◽  
Sanee Ebrahimzadeh Sepasgozar ◽  
Tin Lai ◽  
Winson Su ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Model ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Construction Industry ◽  
High Density Polyethylene ◽  
Waste Product ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
High Density ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Recycled Waste

Three-dimensional (3D) printing technologies are transforming the design and manufacture of components and products across many disciplines, but their application in the construction industry is still limited. Material deposition processes can achieve infinite geometries. They have advanced from rapid prototyping and model-scale markets to applications in the fabrication of functional products, large objects, and the construction of full-scale buildings. Many international projects have been realised in recent years, and the construction industry is beginning to make use of such dynamic technologies. Advantages of integrating 3D printing with house construction are significant. They include the capacity for mass customisation of designs and parameters to meet functional and aesthetic purposes, the reduction in construction waste from highly precise placement of materials, and the use of recycled waste products in layer deposition materials. With the ultimate goal of improving construction efficiency and decreasing building costs, the researchers applied Strand 7 Finite Element Analysis software to a numerical model designed for 3D printing a cement mix that incorporates the recycled waste product high-density polyethylene (HDPE). The result: construction of an arched, truss-like roof was found to be structurally feasible in the absence of steel reinforcements, and lab-sized prototypes were manufactured according to the numerical model with 3D printing technology. 3D printing technologies can now be customised to building construction. This paper discusses the applications, advantages, limitations, and future directions of this innovative and viable solution to affordable housing construction.

scholarly journals A Novel Vision-Based Approach for the Classification of Volcanic Ash Granulometry

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Bruno Andò ◽  
Salvatore Baglio ◽  
Vincenzo Marletta ◽  
Salvatore Castorina
Keyword(s):  
Volcanic Ash ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Roc Curves ◽  
Mount Etna ◽  
Image Processing Algorithm ◽  
Ash Fall ◽  
Time Space ◽  
Optimal Thresholds

Volcanic ash fall-out represents a serious hazard for air and road traffic. The forecasting models used to predict its time–space evolution require information about characteristic parameters such as the ash granulometry. Typically, such information is gained by spot direct observation of the ash at the ground or by using expensive instrumentation. A distributed Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) of low-cost monitoring stations would represent a suitable solution in performing continuous and high spatial resolution monitoring. In this paper, a novel low-cost vision-based methodology, together with a dedicated image processing algorithm aimed at the estimation and classification of the ash granulometry, is presented. The first prototype developed to investigate the methodology consists of a light-controlled tank and a camera. The acquired images of the ash samples are transmitted to a PC and processed by a dedicated paradigm developed in LabVIEW™. A threshold algorithm was developed to provide a classification of the detected ash. Optimal thresholds were estimated by using the theory of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. The methodology was validated experimentally using real ash erupted from Mount Etna, with three different nominal granulometries: ɸ1 = 0.5 mm, ɸ2 = 1 mm, and ɸ3 = 2 mm. The preliminary results demonstrated the viability of the proposed approach, showing average accuracies in the estimation of the granulometry of 50 µm, suitable for the implementation of a low-cost distributed early warning solution. The main novelties of this work reside in both the low-cost vision-based methodology and the proposed classification algorithm.

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