Pretreating poplar cuttings with low nitrogen ameliorates salt stress responses by increasing stored carbohydrates and priming stress signaling pathways

AbstractSoil salinity is an increasing worldwide problem for agriculture, affecting plant growth and yield. In our attempt to understand the molecular mechanisms activated in response to salt in plants, we investigated the Catharanthus roseus Receptor like Kinase 1 Like (CrRLK1L) family, which contains well described sensors previously shown to be involved in maintaining and sensing the structural integrity of the cell walls. We have observed that herk1the1-4 double mutants, lacking the function of the Arabidopsis thaliana Receptor like Kinase HERKULES1 combined with a gain of function allele of THESEUS1, phenocopied the phenotypes previously reported in plants lacking FERONIA (FER) function. We report that both fer-4 and herk1the1-4 mutants respond strongly to salt application, resulting in a more intense activation of early and late stress responses. We also show that salt triggers de-methyl esterification of loosely bound pectins. These cell wall modifications might be partly responsible for the activation of the signaling pathways required to activate salt stress responses. In fact, by adding calcium chloride or by chemically inhibiting pectin methyl esterase (PME) activity we observed reduced activation of the early signaling protein Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase 6 (MPK6) as well as a reduced amplitude in salt-induced marker gene induction. We show that MPK6 is required for the full induction of the salt-induced gene expression markers we tested. However, the sodium specific root halotropism response is likely regulated by a different branch of the pathway being independent of MPK6 or calcium application but influenced by the cell wall sensors FER/HERK1/THE1-4 and PME activity. We hypothesize a model where salt-triggered modification of pectin requires the functionality of FER alone or the HERK1/THE1 combination to attenuate salt responses. Collectively, our results show the complexity of salt stress responses and salt sensing mechanisms and their connection to cell wall modifications, likely being in part responsible for the response phenotypes observed in salt treated plants.

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Salt stress responses in Arabidopsis utilize a signal transduction pathway related to endoplasmic reticulum stress signaling

The Plant Journal ◽

10.1111/j.1365-313x.2007.03195.x ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 51 (5) ◽

pp. 897-909 ◽

Cited By ~ 262

Author(s):

Jian-Xiang Liu ◽

Renu Srivastava ◽

Ping Che ◽

Stephen H. Howell

Keyword(s):

Signal Transduction ◽

Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽

Salt Stress ◽

Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress ◽

Stress Responses ◽

Signal Transduction Pathway ◽

Stress Signaling ◽

Transduction Pathway

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of The MKK2 pathway mediates cold and salt stress signaling in Arabidopsis.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.1019910.225490 ◽

2004 ◽

Author(s):

Jian-Kang Zhu

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Stress Signaling

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Calcium sensors and their stress signaling pathways in plants

Hereditas (Beijing) ◽

10.3724/sp.j.1005.2013.00875 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 35 (7) ◽

pp. 875-884 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Zhong-Zhong ZHENG ◽

Jin-Qiu SHEN ◽

Wei-Huai PAN ◽

Jian-Wei PAN

Keyword(s):

Signaling Pathways ◽

Stress Signaling ◽

Calcium Sensors

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Genome-Wide Identification of the B-BOX Genes that Respond to Multiple Ripening Related Signals in Sweet Cherry Fruit

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22041622 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (4) ◽

pp. 1622

Author(s):

Yanyan Wang ◽

Zefeng Zhai ◽

Yueting Sun ◽

Chen Feng ◽

Xiang Peng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Signaling Pathways ◽

Stress Responses ◽

Fruit Development ◽

Sweet Cherry ◽

Anthocyanin Biosynthesis ◽

Expression Patterns ◽

Light Induction ◽

Promoter Regions ◽

Genome Database ◽

Gene Structures

B-BOX proteins are zinc finger transcription factors that play important roles in plant growth, development, and abiotic stress responses. In this study, we identified 15 PavBBX genes in the genome database of sweet cherry. We systematically analyzed the gene structures, clustering characteristics, and expression patterns of these genes during fruit development and in response to light and various hormones. The PavBBX genes were divided into five subgroups. The promoter regions of the PavBBX genes contain cis-acting elements related to plant development, hormones, and stress. qRT-PCR revealed five upregulated and eight downregulated PavBBX genes during fruit development. In addition, PavBBX6, PavBBX9, and PavBBX11 were upregulated in response to light induction. We also found that ABA, BR, and GA3 contents significantly increased in response to light induction. Furthermore, the expression of several PavBBX genes was highly correlated with the expression of anthocyanin biosynthesis genes, light-responsive genes, and genes that function in multiple hormone signaling pathways. Some PavBBX genes were strongly induced by ABA, GA, and BR treatment. Notably, PavBBX6 and PavBBX9 responded to all three hormones. Taken together, BBX proteins likely play major roles in regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis in sweet cherry fruit by integrating light, ABA, GA, and BR signaling pathways.

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OsNAC45 is Involved in ABA Response and Salt Tolerance in Rice

Rice ◽

10.1186/s12284-020-00440-1 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Xiang Zhang ◽

Yan Long ◽

Jingjing Huang ◽

Jixing Xia

Keyword(s):

Transcription Factors ◽

Salt Stress ◽

Salt Tolerance ◽

Stress Responses ◽

Crop Yields ◽

Plant Stress ◽

Root Cells ◽

Nac Transcription Factors ◽

Rice Plants ◽

Plant Stress Responses

Abstract Background Salt stress threatens crop yields all over the world. Many NAC transcription factors have been reported to be involved in different abiotic stress responses, but it remains unclear how loss of these transcription factors alters the transcriptomes of plants. Previous reports have demonstrated that overexpression of OsNAC45 enhances salt and drought tolerance in rice, and that OsNAC45 may regulate the expression of two specific genes, OsPM1 and OsLEA3–1. Results Here, we found that ABA repressed, and NaCl promoted, the expression of OsNAC45 in roots. Immunostaining showed that OsNAC45 was localized in all root cells and was mainly expressed in the stele. Loss of OsNAC45 decreased the sensitivity of rice plants to ABA and over-expressing this gene had the opposite effect, which demonstrated that OsNAC45 played an important role during ABA signal responses. Knockout of OsNAC45 also resulted in more ROS accumulation in roots and increased sensitivity of rice to salt stress. Transcriptome sequencing assay found that thousands of genes were differently expressed in OsNAC45-knockout plants. Most of the down-regulated genes participated in plant stress responses. Quantitative real time RT-PCR suggested that seven genes may be regulated by OsNAC45 including OsCYP89G1, OsDREB1F, OsEREBP2, OsERF104, OsPM1, OsSAMDC2, and OsSIK1. Conclusions These results indicate that OsNAC45 plays vital roles in ABA signal responses and salt tolerance in rice. Further characterization of this gene may help us understand ABA signal pathway and breed rice plants that are more tolerant to salt stress.

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Exogenous Auxin-Mediated Salt Stress Alleviation in Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.)

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11030547 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 547

Author(s):

Arafat Abdel Hamed Abdel Latef ◽

Md. Tahjib-Ul-Arif ◽

Mohammad Saidur Rhaman

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Vicia Faba ◽

Faba Bean ◽

Stress Responses ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Soluble Sugar ◽

Principal Component ◽

Vicia Faba L ◽

Catalase Peroxidase ◽

Amino Acid Contents

Auxin not only controls the development processes, but also regulates the stress responses of plants. In this investigation, we explored the potential roles of exogenously applied indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) in conferring salt tolerance in the faba bean (Vicia faba L.). Our results showed that foliar application of IAA (200 ppm) to salt-exposed (60 mM and 150 mM NaCl) plants promoted growth, which was evidenced by enhanced root–stem traits. IAA application ensured better osmotic protection in salt-stressed plants which was supported by reduced proline and enhanced soluble sugar, soluble protein, and total free amino acid contents in the roots, stem, and seeds. IAA application also increased the number of nodules in salt-stressed plants, which may facilitate better nitrogen assimilation. Moreover, IAA mediated improvements in mineral homeostasis (K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+) and the translocation of Na+, while it also inhibited excessive accumulation of Na+ in the roots. Salt-induced oxidative damage resulted in increased accumulation of malondialdehyde, whereas IAA spraying relegated malondialdehyde by improving antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, and ascorbate peroxidase. Together, these results together with a principal component analysis uncovered that foliar spraying of IAA alleviated the antagonistic effects of salt stress via enhancing osmolyte accumulation, ionic homeostasis, and antioxidant activity. Finally, exogenous IAA enhanced the yield of broad beans under high salinity conditions.

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