Plant nitrogen concentration is more sensitive in response to degradation than phosphorus concentration in alpine meadow

Treated effluent from an aerated lagoon and facultative pond system in southern Portugal, was used to irrigate fields planted to maize (Zea mays L.). The effluent was characterised with respect to its nitrogen and phosphorus content and applied by drip irrigation in response to crop evapotranspiration requirements. Nitrification of ammonia in the effluent by soil microorganisms caused a reduced soil pH early in the growing season, but this was reversed as the season continued. For most of the growth season plant nitrogen demand ensured a low soil nitrogen concentration, but towards the end of plant growth the continuous nitrogen supplied in the effluent exceeded crop requirements with a result that nitrate accumulated in the soil. The applied effluent also had a high phosphorus concentration but there was only a slight accumulation of this in the soil. The fertiliser value of the treated effluent was demonstrated by increased yields at physiological maturity and the N yield was within the range of expected values for this crop. The main removal mechanism for N during irrigation was crop uptake whereas P was removed primarily by soil processes. The advantages of wastewater reuse together with the importance of appropriate management practices for re-use are discussed.

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Reducing Nitrogen and Phosphorus Losses from Different Crop Types in the Water Source Area of the Danjiang River, China

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph16183442 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (18) ◽

pp. 3442 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Mengjing Guo ◽

Tiegang Zhang ◽

Jing Li ◽

Zhanbin Li ◽

Guoce Xu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Total Nitrogen ◽

Total Phosphorus ◽

Unit Area ◽

Nitrogen Concentration ◽

Source Area ◽

Water Source ◽

Nutrient Loss ◽

Phosphorus Concentration ◽

Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽

Bare Land

Nitrogen and phosphorus are essential for plant growth and are the primary limiting nutrient elements. The loss of nitrogen and phosphorus in agricultural systems can cause the eutrophication of natural water bodies. In this paper, a field simulated rainfall experiment was conducted in a typical small watershed of the Danjiang River to study the nutrient loss process of nitrogen and phosphorus in slope croplands subjected to different crops and tillage measures. The characteristics of the runoff process and nutrient migration of different slope treatments were studied, which were the bare-land (BL, as the control), peanut monoculture (PL), corn monoculture (CL), bare land (upper slope) mixed with peanut monoculture (lower slope) (BP), corn and peanut intercropping (TCP), corn and soybean intercropping (TCS), downslope ridge cultivation (BS) slope, and straw-mulched (SC), respectively. The results showed that the runoff of CL, SC, TCS, BS, BP, PL and TCP slope types were 93%, 75%, 51%, 39%, 28%, 12%, and 6% of the those of the bare land, respectively. The total nitrogen concentration in runoff on different slope types decreased in the order of BP > PL > BS > SC > TCP > BL > CL > TCS. The BL was characterized with the highest NRL-TN (the loss of total nitrogen per unit area), with the value of 1.188 kg/hm2, while those of the TCP is the smallest with the value of 0.073 kg/hm2. The total phosphorus concentration in runoff decreasd in the order of BS > BP > PL > BL > TCP > SC > CL > TCS. The PRL-TP (the loss of total phosphorus per unit area) of BL is the largest (0.016 kg/hm2), while those of TCP is the smallest (0.001 kg/hm2). These indicate that the loss of nitrogen is much higer than that of phosphorus. The loss of nitrogen in runoff is dominated by nitrate nitrogen, which accounts for 54.4%–78.9% of TN. Slope croplands in the water source area should adopt the tillage measures of TCP and PL.These measures can reduce 85% of the runoff of nitrogen and phosphorus compared to the bare land. The results may assist in agricultural non-point source pollution control and help promote improved management of the water environment in the Danjiang River’s water source area.

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Nitrogen Rate and Timing Effects on Collard Yield and Plant Nitrogen Concentration

jpa ◽

10.2134/jpa1997.0438 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 438-441

Author(s):

E. A. Guertal ◽

E. van Santen

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Concentration ◽

Nitrogen Rate ◽

Plant Nitrogen ◽

Timing Effects

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The effect of chloride and sulphate application to soil on changes in nutrient content in barley shoot biomass at an early phase of growth

Plant Soil and Environment ◽

10.17221/4035-pse ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 50 (No. 7) ◽

pp. 295-302 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

J. Matula

Keyword(s):

Nitrate Concentration ◽

Phosphorus Uptake ◽

Nutrient Status ◽

Nutrient Content ◽

Shoot Biomass ◽

Phosphorus Concentration ◽

Barley Plant ◽

Plant Nitrogen ◽

Labile Phosphorus ◽

The Impact

In this study experiments primarily aimed at the needs of specification of an adequate soil reserve of labile sulphur were extended by investigations of the impact on interactions in nutrient uptake by a test barley plant. Vegetation (18-day) experiments under controlled conditions of cultivation were conducted on a diverse set of 48 soils from agricultural lands. Before barley sowing the experimental set of soils was divided into two variants: A – control (with NH4Cl application) and B – response variant [with (NH4)2SO4 application], and a uniform dose of 26 mg N/kg soil was used. After the experiment terminated, concentrations of N, N-NO3–, S, S-SO42–, P, K, Mg, Ca, Na, Mn and B were determined. Paired t-test revealed significant differences between the sets of data on variants A and B in barley yield and concentrations of sulphur, sulphate, nitrate, phosphorus and boron in barley plants. Sulphate variant (B) had higher yield of barley, higher concentrations of sulphur, sulphate and boron and lower concentrations of nitrate and phosphorus compared to variant A. The lower concentrations of nitrate and phosphorus could not be reasoned by the effect of dilution resulting from the higher barley yield. A substantial decrease in nitrate concentration was related to better utilisation of plant nitrogen after the nutrient status of soil was adjusted with sulphur. Phosphorus concentration in barley adequately corresponded to the soil reserve of labile phosphorus, but only after the phosphorus concentration in barley markedly decreased to the lower level in (sulphate) variant B. Higher concentration of boron in barley could potentially be related to the depression of phosphorus uptake after sulphate application.

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Effects of nitrogen fertilizer, plant population and irrigation on sugar beet: II. Nutrient concentration and uptake

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859600025636 ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 76 (2) ◽

pp. 269-275 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

A. P. Draycott ◽

M. J. Durrant

Keyword(s):

Sugar Beet ◽

Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽

Nutrient Concentration ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Nitrogen Concentration ◽

Plant Size ◽

Plant Population ◽

Sugar Yield ◽

Phosphorus Concentration ◽

Wide Range

SUMMARYThe concentration of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, calcium and magnesium was measured in the dry matter of sugar beet from four field experiments (1966–9). All combinations of four amounts of nitrogen fertilizer (0–1·8 cwt/acre), four plant populations (8800–54000 plants/acre) and irrigation were tested, which gave a wide range of plant size and yield. Nutrient concentration and uptake by the crop were also greatly affected by the treatments.Nitrogen fertilizer and irrigation increased uptake of nitrogen by the crop but increasing the plant population had little effect on uptake and decreased the concentration of nitrogen. Sugar yield was related to the total nitrogen concentration in tops and roots and to uptake. There were optimal values of nitrogen concentration for maximal sugar yield, but the optima were greatly affected by plant population. Leaf colour was a good guide to nitrogen concentration.Phosphorus concentration was affected little by the treatments but cation concentrations were greatly affected. In general, uptake of all the elements was increased by all treatments – the exception was sodium, which decreased as the plant population increased but this was balanced to somo extent by increased potassium uptake.

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Nutrient enrichment effect on macroinvertebrates in a lowland stream of Argentina

Iheringia Série Zoologia ◽

10.1590/1678-476620151052228234 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 105 (2) ◽

pp. 228-234 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Agustina Cortelezzi ◽

Carolina Ocón ◽

María V. López van Oosterom ◽

Rosana Cepeda ◽

Alberto Rodrigues Capítulo

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Global Climate Change ◽

Global Climate ◽

Nitrogen Concentration ◽

Nutrient Concentrations ◽

Phosphorus Concentration ◽

Lowland Stream ◽

Pampean Streams ◽

High Concentrations ◽

Intensive Land Use

ABSTRACT One of the most important effects derived from the intensive land use is the increase of nutrient concentration in the aquatic systems due to superficial drainage. Besides, the increment of precipitations in South America connected to the global climate change could intensify these anthropic impacts due to the changes in the runoff pattern and a greater discharge of water in the streams and rivers. The pampean streams are singular environments with high natural nutrient concentrations which could be increased even more if the predictions of global climate change for the area are met. In this context, the effect of experimental nutrient addition on macroinvertebrates in a lowland stream is studied. Samplings were carried out from March 2007 to February 2009 in two reaches (fertilized and unfertilized), upstream and downstream from the input of nutrients. The addition of nutrients caused an increase in the phosphorus concentration in the fertilized reach which was not observed for nitrogen concentration. From all macroinvertebrates studied only two taxa had significant differences in their abundance after fertilization: Corbicula fluminea and Ostracoda. Our results reveal that the disturbance caused by the increase of nutrients on the benthic community depends on basal nutrients concentration. The weak response of macroinvertebrates to fertilization in the pampean streams could be due to their tolerance to high concentrations of nutrients in relation to their evolutionary history in streams naturally enriched with nutrients. Further research concerning the thresholds of nutrients affecting macroinvertebrates and about the adaptive advantages of taxa in naturally eutrophic environments is still needed. This information will allow for a better understanding of the processes of nutrient cycling and for the construction of restoration measures in natural eutrophic ecosystems.

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Sulphur and phosphorus fertilizers increase the yield of barrel medic (Medicago truncatula) five-fold in native pasture on a traprock soil

Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1071/ea9890527 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 29 (4) ◽

pp. 527 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

NM Clarkson ◽

IF Swann ◽

NP Chaplain

Keyword(s):

Medicago Truncatula ◽

Elemental Sulfur ◽

Nitrogen Concentration ◽

Nutrient Concentrations ◽

Phosphorus Concentration ◽

First Year ◽

Yield Increase ◽

Barrel Medic ◽

Yield And Quality ◽

Native Pasture

A single application of sulfur and phosphorus in the first year produced a 5-fold yield increase in barrel medic (Medicago truncatula cv. Jemalong), every year for 3 years, on traprock country in southern inland Queensland. In the first year, the yield of medic increased from 400 (untreated) to 1300 kg/ha with sulfur alone (at 40 kg/ha), and to 2300 kg /ha with sulfur and phosphorus together (both at 40 kg/ha). In the second and third years, sulfur and phosphorus together increased yields from 300 to 1400 kg/ha, and from 800 to 4000 kg/ha, respectively. The experiment tested factorial combinations of sulfur and phosphorus, both at 0, 10 and 40 kg/ha, 3 sources of sulfur (gypsum, superphosphate fortified with elemental sulfur and called 'super and sulfur', and elemental sulfur) and agricultural limestone at 2500 kg/ha. Seed and fertiliser were broadcast into a native pasture at the start of the experiment. Elemental sulfur was inferior to gypsum and 'super and sulfur' in the first year, but equally effective thereafter. There was no response to lime. Fertilising with sulfur and phosphorus together increased the sulfur concentration in medic tops from 0.10 to 0.23%, the phosphorus concentration from 0.19 to 0.23%, and the nitrogen concentration from 2.12 to 2.82%. Nutrient concentrations in plant and soil were examined as an aid to diagnosing deficiencies at other sites. We concluded that adequately fertilising medic with sulfur and phosphorus can greatly improve pasture yield and quality, and allow higher stocking rates on traprock country.

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