scholarly journals Quantifying ecosystem service flows at multiple scales across the range of a long-distance migratory species

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 255-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darius J. Semmens ◽  
Jay E. Diffendorfer ◽  
Kenneth J. Bagstad ◽  
Ruscena Wiederholt ◽  
Karen Oberhauser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Service ◽  
Multiple Scales ◽  
Migratory Species ◽  
Long Distance

scholarly journals Flight range, fuel load and the impact of climate change on the journeys of migrant birds

2018 ◽  
Vol 285 (1873) ◽  
pp. 20172329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Howard ◽  
Philip A. Stephens ◽  
Joseph A. Tobias ◽  
Catherine Sheard ◽  
Stuart H. M. Butchart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Climate Impact ◽  
Fuel Load ◽  
Migratory Species ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Avian Flight ◽  
Flight Range ◽  
Combine Information ◽  
The Impact

Climate change is predicted to increase migration distances for many migratory species, but the physiological and temporal implications of longer migratory journeys have not been explored. Here, we combine information about species' flight range potential and migratory refuelling requirements to simulate the number of stopovers required and the duration of current migratory journeys for 77 bird species breeding in Europe. Using tracking data, we show that our estimates accord with recorded journey times and stopovers for most species. We then combine projections of altered migratory distances under climate change with models of avian flight to predict future migratory journeys. We find that 37% of migratory journeys undertaken by long-distance migrants will necessitate an additional stopover in future. These greater distances and the increased number of stops will substantially increase overall journey durations of many long-distance migratory species, a factor not currently considered in climate impact studies.

scholarly journals Morphological evolution of some migratory Ficedula flycatchers

2011 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 279-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana C. Outlaw ◽  
V. Nijman
Keyword(s):  
Short Distance ◽  
Morphological Evolution ◽  
Selective Agent ◽  
Migratory Species ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Selection Pressures ◽  
Old World ◽  
Morphological Selection ◽  
Migratory Phenotype

Long-distance migration imposes physiological and morphological selection pressures on birds. The genus Ficedula, a lineage of Old World flycatchers, consists of long- and short-distance migratory species, as well as sedentary species. Members of each of these groups are not reciprocally monophyletic, yet each of the behavioral groups is morphologically distinguishable even when accounting for phylogeny. Long-distance migratory species have more pointed wings than either short-distance migratory or sedentary species, and migratory behaviors and wing pointed-ness are phylogenetically correlated. This suggests that migratory Ficedula species have converged on a migratory phenotype, and that migration may be a selective agent that has shaped the independently-derived migratory Ficedula species in similar ways.

scholarly journals Crowdsourcing Meets Ecology: Hemisphere-Wide Spatiotemporal Species Distribution Models

AI Magazine ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 19-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Fink ◽  
Theodoros Damoulas ◽  
Nicholas E. Bruns ◽  
Frank A. La Sorte  ◽  
Wesley M. Hochachka  ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Scales ◽  
Ecological Systems ◽  
Western Hemisphere ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Distribution Models ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Unique Challenge ◽  
Essential Information ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Scales ◽  
Full Life Cycle

Ecological systems are inherently complex. The processes that affect the distributions of animals and plants operate at multiple spatial and temporal scales, presenting a unique challenge for the development and coordination of effective conservation strategies, particularly for wide-ranging species. In order to study ecological systems across scales, data must be collected at fine resolutions across broad spatial and temporal extents. Crowdsourcing has emerged as an efficient way to gather these data by engaging large numbers of people to record observations. However, data gathered by crowdsourced projects are often biased due to the opportunistic approach of data collection. In this article, we propose a general class of models called AdaSTEM, (for adaptive spatio-temporal exploratory models), that are designed to meet these challenges by adapting to multiple scales while exploiting variation in data density common with crowdsourced data. To illustrate the use of AdaSTEM, we produce intra-seasonal distribution estimates of long-distance migrations across the Western Hemisphere using data from eBird, a citizen science project that utilizes volunteers to collect observations of birds. Subsequently, model diagnostics are used to quantify and visualize the scale and quality of distribution estimates. This analysis shows how AdaSTEM can automatically adapt to complex spatiotemporal processes across a range of scales, thus providing essential information for full-life cycle conservation planning of broadly distributed species, communities, and ecosystems.

scholarly journals Pollination by hoverflies in the Anthropocene

2020 ◽  
Vol 287 (1927) ◽  
pp. 20200508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toby Doyle ◽  
Will L. S. Hawkes ◽  
Richard Massy ◽  
Gary D. Powney ◽  
Myles H. M. Menz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Protection ◽  
Ecosystem Functions ◽  
Anthropogenic Change ◽  
Migratory Species ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Pollination Services ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Or Groups ◽  
Large Populations ◽  
Global Food

Pollinator declines, changes in land use and climate-induced shifts in phenology have the potential to seriously affect ecosystem function and food security by disrupting pollination services provided by insects. Much of the current research focuses on bees, or groups other insects together as ‘non-bee pollinators’, obscuring the relative contribution of this diverse group of organisms. Prominent among the ‘non-bee pollinators’ are the hoverflies, known to visit at least 72% of global food crops, which we estimate to be worth around US$300 billion per year, together with over 70% of animal pollinated wildflowers. In addition, hoverflies provide ecosystem functions not seen in bees, such as crop protection from pests, recycling of organic matter and long-distance pollen transfer. Migratory species, in particular, can be hugely abundant and unlike many insect pollinators, do not yet appear to be in serious decline. In this review, we contrast the roles of hoverflies and bees as pollinators, discuss the need for research and monitoring of different pollinator responses to anthropogenic change and examine emerging research into large populations of migratory hoverflies, the threats they face and how they might be used to improve sustainable agriculture.

scholarly journals Analysis of fishing activity in the Itá reservoir, Upper Uruguay River, in the period 2004-2009

2013 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 559-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
. Schork ◽  
Hermes-Silva. G. ◽  
. S ◽  
E. Zaniboni-Filho
Keyword(s):  
Hydroelectric Power Plant ◽  
Hydroelectric Power ◽  
Catch Per Unit Effort ◽  
Migratory Species ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Fishing Activity ◽  
Small Vessels ◽  
Annual Productivity ◽  
Socioeconomic Profile ◽  
Uruguay River

This study characterized fishing activity in the reservoir of the Hydroelectric Power Plant of Itá in Brazil. The reservoir is located in the Upper Uruguay River, which forms the border between the states of Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul. To analyze fishing activity and the composition of ichthyofauna in the reservoir after damming, questionnaires were administered to fishermen in the region between 2004 and 2009. The results showed that fishing in the Itá reservoir can be classified as a subsistence activity performed on small vessels and usually involving the use of drift nets and handlines. Between 2004 and 2009, 292,780.10 kg worth of fish were captured, with an average annual productivity of 3.46 kg ha−1 yr−1. We recorded the highest values of catch per unit effort in 2006, with an annual average of 9.69 kg fisherman−1 day−1. A total of 27 morphospecies were captured during the sample period; carp, traíra, mandi and jundiá together accounted for almost 60% of the catch. This finding indicates that fishing is centered on the capture of sedentary and short-distance migratory species. Despite their lower abundance, long-distance migratory species continue to be captured. The case of the piracanjuba, a long-distance migratory species reintroduced to the region in 2004 and still present in the catches, is particularly noteworthy. Regarding the fishermen's socioeconomic profile, all were men, most of who have engaged in the activity for more than eleven years, have a low educational level, fish with the aid of family members and list agriculture as their main economic activity.

scholarly journals Bird number dynamics during the post-breeding period at the Tömörd Bird Ringing Station, western Hungary

The Ring ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-82
Author(s):  
József Gyurácz ◽  
Péter Bánhidi ◽  
József Góczán ◽  
Péter Illés ◽  
Sándor Kalmár ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Pattern ◽  
Short Distance ◽  
Breeding Period ◽  
Migratory Species ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Number Dynamics ◽  
Migration Phenology ◽  
Breeding Migration ◽  
Median Date

Abstract The fieldwork, i.e. catching and ringing birds using mist-nets, was conducted at Tömörd Bird Ringing Station in western Hungary during the post-breeding migration seasons in 1998-2016. Altogether, 106,480 individuals of 133 species were ringed at the station. The aim of this paper was to publish basic information on passerine migration at this site. Migration phenology was described through annual and daily capture frequencies. Furthermore, we provide the median date of the passage, the date of the earliest or latest capture, the peak migration season within the study period, and the countries where the birds monitored at the site were ringed or recovered abroad. To compare the catching dynamics for the fifty species with total captures greater than 200, a reference period was defined: from 5 Aug. to 5 Nov. 2001-2016. Some non-passerines that are more easily caught with mist-nets or that are caught occasionally were listed as well. The two superdominant species, the European Robin and the Eurasian Blackcap, with 14,377 and 13,926 total captures, made up 27% of all ringed individuals. Among the fifty species analysed, there were ten species with a decreasing trend, five species with an increasing trend and thirty-five species with a stable (or uncertain) trend in their numbers from 2001 to 2016. The temporal pattern of migration of long-distance migrants was different from that of the medium- and short-distance migratory species.

scholarly journals Recreational fisheries as a driver of salmonid population conservation

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas A. Worthington ◽  
Ian Worthington ◽  
Ian P. Vaughan ◽  
Steve J Ormerod ◽  
Isabelle Durance
Keyword(s):  
Nature Conservation ◽  
Ecosystem Service ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
List Type ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Recreational Angling ◽  
Population Conservation ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
Service Paradigm ◽  
Juvenile Density

ABSTRACTThe need to monitor and protect biodiversity has never been greater, yet resources are often constrained economically. The ecosystem service paradigm could promote nature conservation while sustaining economic activity and other societal benefits, but most efforts to assess biodiversity-ecosystem service (B-ES) links have focused on diversity measures, with little attention on how species abundance relates to the magnitude of ES provision.Here, we utilised four national scale, multi-decadal, Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) datasets to investigate links between juvenile density, the abundance of returning adults, and two measures of recreational angling provision: rod catches and angling effort.Recreational rod catches only tracked juvenile density and returning adult numbers in catchments where juvenile and adult numbers were decreasing, implying important early-warning of ES decline. In contrast, angling effort declined consistently through time.Synthesis and applications. These data illustrate i) the difficulty in measuring ES in ways that explicitly relate human resource use to nature conservation, and ii) the need for better quantification of populations at all life stages that determine ES provision, particularly in species where long-distance movements bring exposure to multiple global pressures. We suggest additional opportunities (e.g., monitoring of smolts, eDNA and citizen science initiatives) to facilitate conservation efforts and increase capacity to monitor ecosystem service sustainability.

scholarly journals New Vespertilio murinus (Chiroptera) Winter Records. An Indication of Expansion of the Species’ Winter Range?

2013 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 35-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. V. Godlevska
Keyword(s):  
Winter Season ◽  
Migratory Species ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Winter Range ◽  
North Eastern

Absence of winter records, known long distance movements of parti-coloured bats ringed in North-eastern (NE) Europe, and some observations of seasonal concentrations of migrating animals had enabled to consider Vespertilio murinus, until quite recently, as a migratory species wintering outside Ukraine and NE Europe as a whole. During the last years the species had been found in the winter season (November - middle March) in Ukraine in 14 provinces and in the AR Crimea: contact records in 7 provinces, observations of autumn display song in 9 provinces and in the AR Crimea. Analysis of the data allows to assert that at present the whole territory of Ukraine belongs to the winter range of V. murinus. New winter records of V. murinus from Ukraine and other countries of NE Europe should probably be considered as an evidence of the expansion of the species’ winter range, that may be conditioned by the appearance of big massifs of rock-like structures (= multi-storey buildings) in plain regions.

scholarly journals Influences of migration phenology on survival are size-dependent in juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

2017 ◽  
Vol 95 (8) ◽  
pp. 581-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Jonsson ◽  
M. Jonsson ◽  
N. Jonsson
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Risk Environment ◽  
Migratory Species ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Size Dependent ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Migration Phenology ◽  
Migration Event

Long-distance migratory species can reduce mortality risks by synchronizing the migration event and create confusion by swamping predators with high densities. To reduce confusion, predators are known to primarily select aberrant prey. We hypothesized that at the start of their sea sojourn, particularly small and large Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L., 1758) would spread the risk by also migrating at other times of the year. Based on data from the Norwegian river Imsa between 1976 and 2015, we found that juveniles, 14–19 cm in total length, started their sea sojourn during a short period between late April and early June. However, more than 20% of fish 13 cm or shorter migrated downstream between October and March, whereas 55% of fish 20 cm or longer migrated downstream between July and September. The regular-sized, spring-migrating juveniles had 2–3 times higher survival at sea than similar-sized conspecifics migrating to sea at other times of the year. The survival at sea for smaller juveniles was not improved by migration in spring relative to winter, and the survival of the largest juveniles was similar in spring and summer. Thus, the migration phenology appears adapted to survival in a high-risk environment by changing the timing according to their sizes.

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