The Influence of Different Types of Marine Fuel over the Energy Efficiency Operational Index

Shipping is permanently engaged in efforts to regulate the voyage energy efficiency and to control the marine GHG emissions. In order to achieve this, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) has developed a series of technical and operational measures. The Energy Efficiency Operational Index is one of the operational measures that can be used as a monitoring tool for the voyage optimization and represents the mass of CO2 emitted per unit of transport work. The purpose of this study is to analyze the competitiveness of using different types of marine fuels during the voyage and also to emphasize their influence over the Energy Efficiency Operational Index. The emissions from ships are directly proportional to the bunker consumption and with its quality, and this paper presents the Energy Efficiency Operational Index value for one complete voyage, varying the type of fuel for different legs for the main consumers: main engine, diesel generators, boiler and inert gas generator. The results consist in the cost to quality ratio, where the cost is the sum of money spent for different types of fuel and the quality is the ships Energy Efficiency Operational Index. The cost-to-quality ratio is presented in graphs in order to allow the ship-owner to choose the solution of protecting the marine environment, acting over the EEOI, based on the cost involved.

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Energy efficiency in households: The effectiveness of different types of messages in advertising campaigns

Journal of Environmental Psychology ◽

10.1016/j.jenvp.2017.08.003 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 53 ◽

pp. 198-205 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Fernando Casado ◽

M. Carmen Hidalgo ◽

Patricia García-Leiva

Keyword(s):

Energy Efficiency ◽

Different Types

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Energy Efficiency of Vehicles

10.4271/9781468601497 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Doug Carroll

Keyword(s):

Energy Efficiency ◽

Scientific Knowledge ◽

Fuel Economy ◽

Environmental Consequences ◽

Energy Models ◽

The World ◽

Different Types ◽

The Impact ◽

The Relationship ◽

Rational Decisions

Energy Efficiency of Vehicles educates readers about energy and the environment and the relationship between the energy we use and the environment. The world is at a point in time when people need to make very important decisions about energy in the next few decades. This book enables readers to utilize our scientific knowledge to make good rational decisions. Energy Efficiency of Vehicles provides information on: Calculations related to energy, power, and efficiency, and the impact of using different types of energy on the environment. Environmental consequences of consuming energy. Models related to impact of city driving on the energy efficiency and fuel economy of cars and trucks.

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Hong Kong Metro's Traction Equipment: The Drive for Efficiency

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part F Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit ◽

10.1243/pime_proc_1992_206_217_02 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 206 (1) ◽

pp. 67-74

Author(s):

A D Moyes

Keyword(s):

Energy Efficiency ◽

Hong Kong ◽

Life Cycle ◽

Energy Saving ◽

Mass Transit ◽

Life Cycle Costs ◽

Design Features ◽

Different Types ◽

Multiple Unit ◽

Traction Equipment

This paper describes the evolution of the electric multiple unit traction equipment of the Hong Kong Mass Transit Railway Corporation (MTRC). Traction energy efficiency is particularly important to the MTRC and has been improved by 46 per cent on the most recently supplied cars. The justification for the conversion of the existing camshaft cars to chopper control and the relative merits of different types of drives in MTRC's application are discussed. The utilization of energy, the method used to optimize coasting for energy saving, life-cycle costs and the design features of the gate turn-off thyristor chopper cars are described.

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Product Innovations and Eco-Sustainability: An Approach to Evaluate the Relationships

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.572.74 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 572 ◽

pp. 74-77 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Alessandra Papetti ◽

Michele Germani ◽

Marco Mandolini

Keyword(s):

Energy Efficiency ◽

Product Life Cycle ◽

Innovation Process ◽

Design Phase ◽

Product Lifecycle ◽

Product Innovations ◽

The World ◽

Different Types ◽

Before And After ◽

Preliminary Phase

The academic and industrial literature presents a lot of innovations to improve the energy efficiency of the home appliances around the world. However, few methodologies are able to combine innovations and eco-sustainability, during the design phase of green products.In this context, the paper defines an approach to analyse the relationships between different types of innovation and the relative environmental impacts, during the product lifecycle. The analysis has been performed by defining innovations categories and comparing the product Life Cycle Assessment before and after their implementation. This approach represents the preliminary phase of the innovation process, required to support the product manager.The approach has been experimented within a household appliances company, highlighting that there are innovations able to reduce the energy and water consumption respectively of 25% and 30%.

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Dynamic Prediction and Optimization of Energy Efficiency Operational Index (EEOI) for an Operating Ship in Varying Environments

Journal of Marine Science and Engineering ◽

10.3390/jmse7110402 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (11) ◽

pp. 402 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Chao Sun ◽

Haiyan Wang ◽

Chao Liu ◽

Ye Zhao

Keyword(s):

Genetic Algorithm ◽

Energy Efficiency ◽

Fuel Consumption ◽

Dynamic Optimization ◽

Consumption Rate ◽

Connection Weight ◽

Fuel Consumption Rate ◽

Operational Index ◽

Main Engine ◽

Ship Speed

The demands for lower Energy Efficiency Operational Index (EEOI) reflect the requirements of international conventions for green shipping. Within this context it is believed that practical solutions for the dynamic optimization of a ship’s main engine and the reduction of EEOI in real conditions are useful in terms of improving sustainable shipping operations. In this paper, we introduce a model for dynamic optimization of the main engine that can improve fuel efficiency and decrease EEOI. The model considers as input environmental factors that influence overall ship dynamics (e.g., wind speed, wind direction, wave height, water flow speed) and engine revolutions. Fuel consumption rate and ship speed are taken as outputs. Consequently, a genetic algorithm is applied to optimize the initial connection weight and threshold of nodes of a neural network (NN) that is used to predict fuel consumption rate and ship speed. Navigation data from the training ship “YUMING” are applied to train the network. The genetic algorithm is used to optimize engine revolution and obtain the lowest EEOI. Results show that the optimization method proposed may assist with the prediction of lower EEOI in different environmental conditions and operational speed.

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A New Resources Provisioning Method Based on QoS Differentiation and VM Resizing in IaaS

Mathematical Problems in Engineering ◽

10.1155/2015/215147 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Rongdong Hu ◽

Guangming Liu ◽

Jingfei Jiang ◽

Lixin Wang

Keyword(s):

Energy Efficiency ◽

Energy Efficient ◽

Resource Provisioning ◽

Application Performance ◽

Qos Differentiation ◽

Different Types ◽

Speed Up ◽

Google Cluster Trace ◽

Real Time Application ◽

Host Resource

In order to improve the host energy efficiency in IaaS, we proposed an adaptive host resource provisioning method, CoST, which is based on QoS differentiation and VM resizing. The control model can adaptively adjust control parameters according to real time application performance, in order to cope with changes in load. CoST takes advantage of the fact that different types of applications have different sensitivity degrees to performance and cost. It places two different types of VMs on the same host and dynamically adjusts their sizes based on the load forecasting and QoS feedback. It not only guarantees the performance defined in SLA, but also keeps the host running in energy-efficient state. Real Google cluster trace and host power data are used to evaluate the proposed method. Experimental results show that CoST can provide performance-sensitive application with a steady QoS and simultaneously speed up the overall processing of performance-tolerant application by 20~66%. The host energy efficiency is significantly improved by 7~23%.

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Daylight Factor Analysis for Different Types of Static Shading Devices: Case Study Location in Podgorica

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.725-726.1150 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 725-726 ◽

pp. 1150-1157

Author(s):

Dragan Komatina ◽

Sanja Paunovic Zaric ◽

Ema Alihodzic Jasarovic ◽

Vera Murgul ◽

Nikolay Vatin

Keyword(s):

Energy Efficiency ◽

Factor Analysis ◽

Impact Analysis ◽

Efficiency Enhancement ◽

Existing Buildings ◽

Electronic Communications ◽

Different Types ◽

Postal Services ◽

Shading Devices

Daylight analysis as a tool for energy efficiency enhancement in existing buildings is considered in this paper. Through the analysis of five types of exterior static shading devices, horizontal, as well as, vertical, the guidelines for their designing, implementation and possibilities in using of building repairing are given. Also, methods for evaluation of their impact on distribution of daily illumination, viewpoint towards the environment and thermal comfort in general are presented. In the case study, the building of Agency for Electronic Communications and Postal Services in Podgorica, Montenegro, and sophisticated software tools that enable impact analysis and precise designing of exterior static shading devices are considered. The results are presented through the examples.

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Simulating and Comparing Different Vertical Greenery Systems Grouped into Categories Using EnergyPlus

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11114802 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. 4802

Author(s):

Alberto Arenghi ◽

Camilla Perra ◽

Marco Caffi

Keyword(s):

Plant Physiology ◽

Energy Efficiency ◽

Simulation Models ◽

Simulation Method ◽

Simulation Software ◽

Mathematical Formula ◽

Depth Analysis ◽

Different Types ◽

Definition Of ◽

Operative Temperatures

The use of vegetation for the energy efficiency of buildings is an increasingly widespread practice; therefore, the possibility of representing these systems correctly with the use of simulation software is essential. VGS performances have been widely studied, but currently, the lack of a unique simulation method to assess the efficiency of different types of VGS and the absence of studies evaluating the performances of all the systems available, proposing simulation models for each of them, leads to an incomplete energy representation. The aim of this study is to achieve a consistent and complete simulation method, comparing the different systems’ performances. The research is made up of five main steps. Firstly, a classification to group these systems into specific categories was proposed; secondly an in-depth analysis of existing literature was worked out to establish the methods used for different types of VGS. The study of plant physiology allowed the definition of an energy balance, which is valid for all vegetated surfaces; then, each category was associated to a mathematical formula and finally integrated into the EnergyPlus software. The results achieved for each model were compared evaluating two important parameters for the termohygrometric conditions control: outside walls face temperatures and operative temperatures.

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Optimization Analysis of the Residential Window-to-Wall Ratio Based on Numerical Calculation of Energy Consumption in the Hot-Summer and Cold-winter Zone of China

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13116138 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (11) ◽

pp. 6138

Author(s):

Haiqiang Liu ◽

Zhihao Zhang ◽

Xidong Ma ◽

Weite Lu ◽

Dongze Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Energy Efficiency ◽

Energy Consumption ◽

Thermal Comfort ◽

Residential Buildings ◽

Living Environment ◽

Building Energy Efficiency ◽

Cold Winter ◽

Optimization Analysis ◽

Rapid Urbanization ◽

Different Types

Along with the rapid urbanization and economic growth of China over the past decades, the thermal comfort needs of the people in this region have risen dramatically, and at the same time, promoting building energy efficiency is cited as part of the major projects in the 14th five-year plan for energy efficiency improvement. In addition, the outbreak of the COVID-19 epidemic has plunged people into long-term panic, and promoted the entire construction industry to think about a healthier and more sustainable living environment. To respond to the imbalance between energy supply and demand, an optimization analysis based on energy use is developed, assessing the energy efficiency of the window-to-wall ratio (WWR) design and calculating the energy consumption of three different types of residential buildings for both cooling and heating loads as well as for year-round loads. Owing to its harsh climate and huge energy consumption, in this study, the Hot-summer and Cold-winter (HSCW) zone of China was chosen as the experimental setting for the optimization analysis of WWR. Then, in the three main types of residential buildings, including detached houses, multi-story dwellings and high-rise dwellings, a correlation between WWRS and energy consumption in the cooling season, heating season and year-round was built. The comparisons between the WWRS and energy consumption for different types of residential buildings are presented. The design optimization recommendation for WWRS are proposed. It has significant positive meanings for the development of green and sustainably designed residential buildings that offer high levels of thermal comfort and energy efficiency.

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