Observation of the structural changes of sol-gel formed Li2MnTi3O8 during electrochemical reaction by in-situ and ex-situ studies

2015 ◽  
Vol 152 ◽  
pp. 187-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Chen ◽  
Hanfeng Liang ◽  
Lianyi Shao ◽  
Jie Shu ◽  
Zhoucheng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Electrochemical Reaction ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Ex Situ

Phase Transformations in Sol-Gel PZT Thin Films

2000 ◽  
Vol 623 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.P. Eakin ◽  
M.G. Norton ◽  
D.F. Bahr
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Crystalline Films ◽  
In Situ Heating

AbstractThin films of PZT were deposited onto platinized and bare single crystal NaCl using spin coating and sol-gel precursors. These films were then analyzed using in situ heating in a transmission electron microscope. The results of in situ heating are compared with those of an ex situ heat treatment in a standard furnace, mimicking the heat treatment given to entire wafers of these materials for use in MEMS and ferroelectric applications. Films are shown to transform from amorphous to nanocrystalline over the course of days when held at room temperature. While chemical variations are found between films crystallized in ambient conditions and films crystallized in the vacuum conditions of the microscope, the resulting crystal structures appear to be insensitive to these differences. Significant changes in crystal structure are found at 500°C, primarily the change from largely amorphous to the beginnings of clearly crystalline films. Crystallization does occur over the course of weeks at room temperature in these films. Structural changes are more modest in these films when heated in the TEM then those observed on actual wafers. The presence of Pt significantly influences both the resulting structure and morphology in both in situ and ex situ heated films. Without Pt present, the films appear to form small, 10 nm grains consisting of both cubic and tetragonal phases, whereas in the case of the Pt larger, 100 nm grains of a tetragonal phase are formed.

Size dependent behavior of Fe3O4crystals during electrochemical (de)lithiation: an in situ X-ray diffraction, ex situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy and theoretical investigation

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (31) ◽  
pp. 20867-20880 ◽  
Author(s):  
David C. Bock ◽  
Christopher J. Pelliccione ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Janis Timoshenko ◽  
K. W. Knehr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Size Dependent ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Dependent Behavior ◽  
X Ray Absorption

Crystal and atomic structural changes of Fe3O4upon electrochemical (de)lithiation were determined.

scholarly journals [MG49-LiClO4]:[TiO2-SiO2] Polymer Electrolytes: In Situ Preparation and Characterization

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oon Lee Kang ◽  
Azizan Ahmad ◽  
Nur Hasyareeda Hassan ◽  
Usman Ali Rana
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Electrolytes ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Ionic Conductivities ◽  
In Situ Techniques ◽  
In Situ Preparation ◽  
Solution Cast ◽  
Gel Technique ◽  
Cast Technique

In the present research, [MG49-LiClO4]:[HNO3-THF/TiO2-SiO2] and [MG49-LiClO4]:[ClHNO2-THF/TiO2-SiO2] polymer electrolytes were first prepared through simple stepwise in situ techniques: sol-gel technique and solution-cast technique. [MG49-LiClO4]:[HNO3-THF/TiO2-SiO2] and [MG49-LiClO4]:[ClHNO2-THF/TiO2-SiO2] polymer electrolytes were then characterized through different experimental techniques. [MG49-LiClO4]:[HNO3-THF/TiO2-SiO2] and [MG49-LiClO4]:[ClHNO2-THF/TiO2-SiO2] polymer electrolytes had exhibited significant structural changes upon different salt concentrations. In the present investigation, [MG49-LiClO4]:[HNO3-THF/TiO2-SiO2] and [MG49-LiClO4]:[ClHNO2-THF/TiO2-SiO2] polymer electrolytes had attained maximum ionic conductivities (σ~10-7 S/cm at ambient temperature; 10−4 S/cm at 100°C) upon 25 wt.% salt insertion. [MG49-LiClO4]:[HNO3-THF/TiO2-SiO2] and [MG49-LiClO4]:[ClHNO2-THF/TiO2-SiO2] polymer electrolytes had exhibited distinct conduction mechanisms in similar experimental configuration. [MG49-LiClO4]:[HNO3-THF/TiO2-SiO2] and [MG49-LiClO4]:[ClHNO2-THF/TiO2-SiO2] polymer electrolytes had exhibited different stability characteristics over certain operational condition.

In Situ Studies of the Processing of Sol-Gel Produced Amorphous Materials Using Xanes, Saxs and Curved Image Plate XRD

1999 ◽  
Vol 590 ◽  
Author(s):  
DM Pickup ◽  
G Mountjoy ◽  
RJ Newport ◽  
ME Smith ◽  
GW Wallidge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amorphous Materials ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Heat Treatments ◽  
Silica Gels ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
High Count ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Image Plate ◽  
Wide Range

ABSTRACTSol-gel produced mixed oxide materials have been extensively studied using conventional, ex situ structural techniques. Because the structure of these materials is complex and dependent on preparation conditions, there is much to be gained from in situ techniques: the high brightness of synchrotron x-ray sources makes it possible to probe atomic structure on a short timescale, and hence in situ. Here we report recent results for mixed titania- (and some zirconia-) silica gels and xerogels. Titania contents were in the range 8–18 mol%, and heat treatments up to 500°C were applied. The results have been obtained from intrinsically rapid synchrotron x-ray experiments: i) time-resolved small angle scattering, using a quadrant detector, to follow the initial stages of aggregation between the sol and the gel; ii) the use of a curved image plate detector in diffraction, which allowed the simultaneous collection of data across a wide range of scattering at high count rate, to study heat treatments; and iii) x-ray absorption spectroscopy to explore the effects of ambient moisture on transition metal sites.

Probing the stability of Pt nanoparticles encapsulated in sol–gel Al 2 O 3 using in situ and ex situ characterization techniques

2014 ◽  
Vol 485 ◽  
pp. 108-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.U. Ribeiro ◽  
D.M. Meira ◽  
C.B. Rodella ◽  
D.C. Oliveira ◽  
J.M.C. Bueno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sol Gel ◽  
Pt Nanoparticles ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Characterization Techniques ◽  
The Stability

Epoxy networks reinforced with TiO2 generated by nonhydrolytic sol-gel process: A comparison between in situ and ex situ syntheses to obtain filled polymers

2014 ◽  
Vol 55 (7) ◽  
pp. 1689-1697 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davide Morselli ◽  
Federica Bondioli ◽  
Marco Sangermano ◽  
Massimo Messori
Keyword(s):  
Sol Gel ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Filled Polymers ◽  
Epoxy Networks ◽  
Sol Gel Process

scholarly journals Understanding the electrochemical reaction mechanism of VS2 nanosheets in lithium-ion cells by multiple in situ and ex situ x-ray spectroscopy

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (49) ◽  
pp. 494001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang Zhang ◽  
Dan Sun ◽  
Qiulong Wei ◽  
Huanxin Ju ◽  
Jun Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Mechanism ◽  
Electrochemical Reaction ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Lithium Ion Cells

Structural changes in surface and bulk LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2 during electrochemical reaction on epitaxial thin-film electrodes characterized by in situ X-ray scattering

2010 ◽  
Vol 12 (15) ◽  
pp. 3815 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuyuki Sakamoto ◽  
Masaaki Hirayama ◽  
Hiroaki Konishi ◽  
Noriyuki Sonoyama ◽  
Nicolas Dupré ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Electrochemical Reaction ◽  
Epitaxial Thin Film ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Thin Film Electrodes ◽  
Ray Scattering

scholarly journals In Situ Synthesis of Hybrid Inorganic-Polymer Nanocomposites

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Adnan ◽  
Antoine Dalod ◽  
Mustafa Balci ◽  
Julia Glaum ◽  
Mari-Ann Einarsrud
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Nanocomposites ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Inorganic Nanoparticles ◽  
Inorganic Polymer ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
Inorganic Oxide ◽  
Synthesis Conditions ◽  
In Situ Techniques

Hybrid inorganic-polymer nanocomposites can be employed in diverse applications due to the potential combination of desired properties from both the organic and inorganic components. The use of novel bottom-up in situ synthesis methods for the fabrication of these nanocomposites is advantageous compared to top-down ex situ mixing methods, as it offers increased control over the structure and properties of the material. In this review, the focus will be on the application of the sol-gel process for the synthesis of inorganic oxide nanoparticles in epoxy and polysiloxane matrices. The effect of the synthesis conditions and the reactants used on the inorganic structures formed, the interactions between the polymer chains and the inorganic nanoparticles, and the resulting properties of the nanocomposites are appraised from several studies over the last two decades. Lastly, alternative in situ techniques and the applications of various polymer-inorganic oxide nanocomposites are briefly discussed.

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