Novel Low-E filter for architectural glass pane

2020 ◽  
Vol 206 ◽  
pp. 109558 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Abundiz-Cisneros ◽  
R. Sanginés ◽  
R. Rodríguez-López ◽  
M. Peralta-Arriola ◽  
J. Cruz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glass Pane

What Hinders Accurate Depiction of Projective Shape?

Perception ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 24 (9) ◽  
pp. 995-1010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emiel Reith ◽  
Chang Hong Liu
Keyword(s):  
Da Vinci ◽  
The Other ◽  
Frontoparallel Plane ◽  
Glass Pane ◽  
Drawing Task ◽  
Visual Projection ◽  
Vertical Glass ◽  
Perceptual Abilities ◽  
Improved Accuracy ◽  
Projective Shape

Adult subjects drew the visual projection of two models. One model was a trapezoid placed in the frontoparallel plane. The other was a tilted rectangle which displayed the same projective shape on a frontoparallel plane as the trapezoid. The drawing conditions were varied in two ways: the model remained available for inspection during the drawing task or it was masked after initial inspection; the subjects drew on paper placed flat on the table or on a vertical glass pane placed in front of the model (ie on a da Vinci window). The results were that (i) the projective shape of the frontoparallel trapezoid was reproduced accurately whereas that of the tilted rectangle was systematically distorted in the direction of its actual physical dimensions; (ii) when subjects drew on paper, the presence or absence of a view of the model made no difference to the amount of distortion; (iii) drawing on a da Vinci window improved accuracy even when the model was hidden. These findings provide information about the relative roles of object-centred knowledge, perceptual abilities, and depiction skills in drawing performance.

scholarly journals The effect of openings on stress distribution in glass beams – Dependence on a hole to beam’s edge distance

2020 ◽  
Vol 310 ◽  
pp. 00042
Author(s):  
Martin Lavko ◽  
Vincent Kvočák ◽  
Zdeněk Sokol
Keyword(s):  
Stress Distribution ◽  
Axial Distance ◽  
Glass Pane ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Simply Supported ◽  
Pedestrian Bridges ◽  
Edge Distance ◽  
Areas Of Interest ◽  
Glass Beam ◽  
Significant Increment

The paper defines the behaviour of simply supported monolithic glass beam consisting of only one layer glass pane with discontinuities created by four holes positioned symmetrically on the beam. Similar glass panes can be found in real constructions where they act as a beam supporting glazing, roofs or decks of nowadays very popular transparent pedestrian bridges. The main aim of this paper is to provide both experimental and numerical analysis of stress distribution alongside the beam with a focus on areas where peak stresses may occur. The areas of interest are specifically speaking around openings, around supports and in the areas where the forces are introduced to the beam. As Eurocode standards for structural glass are still in the process of codifying and most of the nowadays literature only provides suggested axial distance of holes and hole to pane edge distance based on the thickness of the glass pane. This paper will provide the future designers of glass load-bearing structures with a closer look at stress distribution around the mentioned area. It was essential to do parametric study in software using FEM to investigate as much as possible axial distances of openings without a significant increment in the total cost of the experiment.

Experimental Study of Double Glass Window with Phase Change Material

2013 ◽  
Vol 770 ◽  
pp. 46-49
Author(s):  
Waraporn Rattanongphisat
Keyword(s):  
Phase Change ◽  
Phase Change Material ◽  
Thermal Characteristic ◽  
Temperature Drop ◽  
Test Facility ◽  
Heat Transmission ◽  
Glass Pane ◽  
Window System ◽  
A New Technique ◽  
Change Material

This paper presents a new technique for reducing solar gain in thermal insulated windows. The thermal characteristic of double glass window containing phase change material is investigated. A conventional double glass window is modified and filled with phase change material. Organic material, paraffin based, is selected due to harmlessness, chemical stability and its lack of phase separation. An indoor test facility is constructed where halogen lamps provide a simulated solar radiation. A consistent irradiance of 572 W/m2 and 663 W/m2 over the test area is measured by pyranometer. Double glass windows with and without phase change material are tested in the laboratory. The temperature distribution across the window is measured and the data are used for the analysis of heat transfer through window. Experimental results show that the phase change material acts as a thermal blockage. The temperature drop across the double glass pane with phase change material is higher than without using phase change material. The heat transmission through the proposed glazed window system at 90o solar incidence is 4.4% lower than the conventional window system.

Role of Two-Dimensional Surface Characteristics in Pictorial Depth Perception

1978 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 875-881 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret A. Hagen ◽  
Rochelle Glick ◽  
Barbara Morse
Keyword(s):  
Error Rate ◽  
Flat Surface ◽  
Relative Size ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Picture Perception ◽  
Essential Difference ◽  
Glass Pane ◽  
Flat Surfaces ◽  
Pictorial Perception ◽  
Clear Glass

The purpose of the present experiment was to test the hypothesis that flat surface information for the plane of projection is the essential difference between ordinary and pictorial perception. Adults were asked to make relative size judgments of pairs of squares and triangles placed and pictured at various distances. The conditions were: real scene controls, life-size slides and prints, and real scenes viewed through clear glass, textured glass, a screen and a 50-mm lens. The error rate was significantly lower with real scenes than with either slides or prints which did not differ. The control data for real scenes were used for comparison to test for the effects of interposed flat surfaces on size judgments of real scenes. Viewing real scenes through either a clear glass pane or a 50-mm lens increased the error rate two and one-half times that of the controls for real scenes. Neither textured glass nor a screen significantly affected error rate. Results were interpreted as supporting the hypothesis that information about a flat surface for the plane of projection is the critical variable determining the special character of picture perception.

Infrared Reflective Coatings for Window Glazing

2008 ◽  
Vol 144 ◽  
pp. 226-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jitka Mohelníková
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Thin Films ◽  
Infrared Radiation ◽  
Spectral Characteristics ◽  
Heat Losses ◽  
Glass Pane ◽  
Thin Film Coatings ◽  
Long Wave ◽  
Reflective Coatings ◽  
Long Wave Infrared

Glasses reflective in the spectral range of long-wave infrared radiation operate as heat mirrors. These glasses have found wide applications in architecture. Special thin film coatings on glass panes reflect long wave infrared radiation back to building interiors. The reflective thin films limit absorption of infrared radiation within the glass pane and reduce radiation heat losses of glazings. Heat losses of windows could be significantly limited with the coated glasses which are called low-emissivity glazings. The study of materials convenient for infrared reflective coatings, the optimal composition of thin films and their thicknesses is the main topic of the presented paper. The study is based on measurements of spectral characteristics of selected glasses and computer simulations of the thin film composition for applications of window infrared reflective coatings.

scholarly journals Prediction and Analysis of the Thermal Performance of Composite Vacuum Glazing

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (18) ◽  
pp. 5769
Author(s):  
Yangjie Shi ◽  
Xiaobo Xi ◽  
Yifu Zhang ◽  
Haiyang Xu ◽  
Jianfeng Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Transfer Coefficient ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Theoretical Formula ◽  
Engineering Practice ◽  
Glass Pane ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Vacuum Glazing ◽  
The Heat Transfer Coefficient

In this paper, a prediction method of the heat transfer coefficient of composite vacuum glazing (CVG) is proposed. By analyzing the heat transfer process of CVG, the theoretical calculation formula for the heat transfer coefficient of CVG is established. CVG temperature variation under the test conditions specified in the national standard is simulated using ANSYS. The CVG heat transfer coefficient is calculated by combining the theoretical formula and simulation results. The simulation results are then verified by comparison to a physical experiment. The results show that the deviations between the experimental and predicted values are ≤3.8%, verifying the accuracy of the simulation results and proving that the model can be used in engineering practice. Furthermore, the effects of different coating positions on the heat transfer performance of CVG are studied. The results show that different coating positions have a significant impact on the heat transfer coefficient of CVG. The heat transfer coefficient is shown to be lowest to highest under the following conditions: when the Low-E coatings are located on both sides of the vacuum layer (2LC-V), followed by Low-E coatings on the side of glass pane II near the vacuum layer (1LC-V), Low-E coatings located on the side of glass pane I near insulating layer (1LC-I), and finally, when there are no Low-E coatings (NLC) on the glass panes. Overall, this model is an effective and accurate analysis method of the heat transfer coefficient.

scholarly journals Influence of Pressure Equalisation Elements on the Quality of Insulating Glass Units

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-54
Author(s):  
Zbigniew Respondek
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Pressure Level ◽  
Extreme Pressure ◽  
Glass Pane ◽  
Continuous Increase ◽  
Technical Parameters ◽  
Reasonable Solution

Abstract Continuous increase of expectations concerning improvement in quality of building partitions by means of increasing their thermal insulation properties brings, among others, a need of modification in standards that have been applied to the double glazed windows so far. Triple-glazed and quadruple-glazed IGUs are used more and more often. Such elements have better thermal properties, but they are more prone to deflection and stress resulting from climatic load, i.e. changes in temperature, atmospheric pressure and wind load. Due to the above certain concepts occurred that consist in equalising gas pressure in the gas-filled gaps with the atmospheric pressure. The article contains assessment of such solutions in the context of providing suitable technical parameters of glass panes: thermal insulation and susceptibility to climatic load. It was stated that the pressure-equalizing elements (capillaries) can result in a significant reduction in the quality of the glass partition in the event of the argon purging chamber or damage to the low-E emissions. The lower risk of using required thermal properties occurs when periodically active valves are used, they operate only in case of extreme pressure level differences. Further analysis concerned the idea of pressure equalisation between the gaps of a triple-glazed unit, as that can be done by using an edge spacer of appropriate design. On the basis of comparative analysis of static values it was shown that it is a reasonable solution. Such a unit maintains the properties of a tight unit, while the possibility of gas exchange between the gaps leads to relief of the central glass pane in the unit, thus allowing for decreasing its thickness to 2 mm.

Experimental Studies on Fire Spread Over Glass Fac¸ade

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. Chow ◽  
W. K. Chow
Keyword(s):  
Southern China ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Fire Spread ◽  
Glass Pane ◽  
Air Supply ◽  
Smoke Spread ◽  
Upper Level ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Fire Flame ◽  
Real Scale

There are concerns on the behaviour of glass fac¸ade under a big fire. Real-scale experiments on a single-skin fac¸ade were carried out at a large laboratory of a sizable aluminum manufacturing plant in Southern China. Burning behaviour of a three-storey high single-skin glass fac¸ade with double glazing due to an adjacent big room fire was studied. Part of the fac¸ade of width 12 m and height 13 m was installed in a testing tower. A glass pane of the fac¸ade was taken out with a model fire chamber placed next to the opening. Flashover in the chamber was set up by burning a 2 MW gasoline fire. Flame and smoke spread from the chamber would move up along the glass fac¸ade. Air temperature outside the glazing above the fire chamber was measured. It is observed that flame spread out of the opening will be attached to the upper levels. The glass fac¸ade at that level will be heated up and broken. Flame can spread to the room at the upper level. Another flashover fire will then occur with adequate air supply. This scenario on having a post-flashover fire in an adjacent upper room should be included in hazard assessment in buildings with glass fac¸ade.

scholarly journals Thermal and Optical Properties of a Thermotropic Glass Pane: Laboratory and In-Field Characterization

2015 ◽  
Vol 78 ◽  
pp. 116-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenza Bianco ◽  
Francesco Goia ◽  
Valentina Serra ◽  
Michele Zinzi
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Glass Pane

Study on Acoustic Analysis of a Glass Window by BEM and FEM

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroyuki Tanimoto ◽  
Yoshitaka Morimoto ◽  
Keigo Takasugi
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Analysis ◽  
Transmission Loss ◽  
Plate Thickness ◽  
Performance Measure ◽  
Sound Insulation ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Glass Pane ◽  
Acoustic Characteristics ◽  
3D Cad ◽  
Insulation Performance

This research employed acoustic analysis software and established an analytical method for sound transmission loss, which is a sound-insulation performance measure for glass windows. In addition to prediction of transmission loss through vibration of the glass, the research estimated acoustic characteristics that considered transmission loss in the vibration of the frame. Acoustic analysis was conducted with 3D CAD for glass windows of 8 mm plate thickness through preparation of an analysis model under the same conditions as a vibration test. The acoustic analysis also considered both the glass pane and aluminum frame on the side of the sound source. This paper evaluated the results based on analytical values and experimentally observed values.

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