scholarly journals Knowledge spillovers between PV installers can reduce the cost of installing solar PV

Energy Policy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 144 ◽  
pp. 111600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory F. Nemet ◽  
Jiaqi Lu ◽  
Varun Rai ◽  
Rohan Rao
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Spillovers ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
The Cost

The Technology and Knowledge Spıllover Effects of FDI on Labour Productıvıty—Evıdence from Medıum-Hıgh Industry in Malaysıa

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-110
Author(s):  
Norhanishah Mohamad Yunus ◽  
Noraida Abdul Wahob
Keyword(s):  
Developing Country ◽  
Multinational Corporations ◽  
Knowledge Spillovers ◽  
Labour Productivity ◽  
Spillover Effects ◽  
International Technology Transfer ◽  
Technology Acquisition ◽  
Productivity Function ◽  
Short Run ◽  
The Cost

A plethora of studies have revealed the importance of new knowledge transfer from foreign multinational corporations (MNCs) in encouraging higher labour productivity and sustainable competitive advantages. However, less attention is given to low labour productivity issue despite the presence of FDI, especially in the developing country context. Most of the studies only heavily emphasised on 'technology' effects rather than 'knowledge' effects on the host country as a result of the presence of foreign technology. As Malaysia is one of the major FDI recipients in Southeast Asia, the specific spillover effects of each FDI investor country in Malaysia, need to be studied. With an abundance of MNCs, international technology transfer is considered as an imported mode for technology acquisition in a developing country like Malaysia. However, the benefits of FDI spillovers on labour productivity function in Malaysia remain ambiguous, even when classified according to specific investor countries. Globalisation and liberalisation have seen trade and investment activities booming, thus increasing multilateral relations between Malaysia and other countries regardless of their level of development. Thus, this study may help the Malaysian government to justify the cost that should be invested to attract more FDI inflows towards the manufacturing industries in the short run. Keywords: spillover effects, Foreign Direct Investment, labour productivity, technology spillovers, knowledge spillovers

scholarly journals Stability Analysis of R&D Cooperation in a Supply Chain

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luyun Xu ◽  
Dong Liang ◽  
Zhenjie Duan ◽  
Xu Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Game Theory ◽  
Stability Analysis ◽  
Knowledge Spillovers ◽  
Opportunistic Behavior ◽  
Collaborative Process ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Inherent Quality

R&D outsourcing becomes the often-adopted strategy for firms to innovate. However, R&D cooperation often ends up with failure because of its inherent quality of instability. One of the main reasons for cooperation failure is the opportunistic behavior. As the R&D contract between firms is inherently incomplete, opportunistic behavior always cannot be avoided in the collaborative process. R&D cooperation has been divided into horizontal and vertical types. This paper utilizes game theory to study opportunistic behavior in the vertical R&D cooperation and analyzes the equilibrium of the cooperation. Based on the equilibrium and numerical results, it is found that the vertical R&D cooperation is inherently unstable, and the downstream firm is more likely to break the agreement. The level of knowledge spillovers and the cost of R&D efforts have different effects on firms’ payoffs. When the level of knowledge spillover is low or the cost of R&D efforts is high, mechanisms such as punishment for opportunism may be more effective to guarantee the stability of cooperation.

scholarly journals Design of a Building-Integrated Photovoltaic System with a Novel Bi-Reflector PV System (BRPVS) and Optimal Control Mechanism: An Experimental Study

Electronics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Khan ◽  
Kamran Zeb ◽  
Waqar Uddin ◽  
P. Sathishkumar ◽  
Muhammad Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Input Voltage ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Building Integrated Photovoltaics ◽  
Pv Module ◽  
Solar Pv System ◽  
Zero Carbon ◽  
The Cost

Environment protection and energy saving are the most attractive trends in zero-carbon buildings. The most promising and environmentally friendly technique is building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV), which can also replace conventional buildings based on non-renewable energy. Despite the recent advances in technology, the cost of BIPV systems is still very high. Hence, reducing the cost is a major challenge. This paper examines and validates the effectiveness of low-cost aluminum (Al) foil as a reflector. The design and the performance of planer-reflector for BIPV systems are analyzed in detail. A Bi-reflector solar PV system (BRPVS) with thin film Al-foil reflector and an LLC converter for a BIPV system is proposed and experimented with a 400-W prototype. A cadmium–sulfide (CdS) photo-resistor sensor and an Arduino-based algorithm was developed to control the working of the reflectors. Furthermore, the effect of Al-foil reflectors on the temperature of PV module has been examined. The developed LLC converter confirmed stable output voltage despite large variation in input voltage proving its effectiveness for the proposed BRPVS. The experimental results of the proposed BRPVS with an Al-reflector of the same size as that of the solar PV module offered an enhancement of 28.47% in the output power.

Baseload power potential from optimally-configured wind, solar and storage power plants across the United States

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua D Rhodes ◽  
Aditya Choukulkar ◽  
Brianna Cote ◽  
Sarah A McKee ◽  
Christopher T M Clack
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Energy Storage ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Cost Optimization ◽  
The United States ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Wholesale Market ◽  
Optimal Technology ◽  
Current Price ◽  
The Cost

Abstract In the present paper, we assessed the potential for local wind, solar PV, and energy storage to provide baseload (constant, uninterrupted) power in every county of the contiguous United States. The amount of available capacity between 2020 and 2050 was determined via a least-cost optimization model that took into account changing costs of constituent technologies and local meteorological conditions. We found that, by 2050, the potential exists for about 6.8 TW of renewable baseload power at an average cost of approximately $50 / MWh, which is competitive with current wholesale market rates for electricity. The optimal technology configurations constructed always resulted in over two hours of emergency energy reserves, with the amount increasing as the price of energy storage falls. We also found that, given current price decline trajectories, the model has a tendency to select more solar capacity than wind over time. A second part of the study performed three million simulations followed by a regression analysis to generate an online map-based tool that allows users to change input costs assumptions and compute the cost of renewable baseload electricity in every contiguous US county.

Hybrid Distributed Power Generation for an Isolated Rural Settlement in Masirah Island, Oman

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saleh Al Saadi ◽  
Moncef Krarti
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Small Community ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Cost Of Energy ◽  
Storage Batteries ◽  
Electrical Generation ◽  
The Cost

This paper summarizes the findings from a feasibility study of using renewable energy sources in combination with conventional power systems to meet the electrical requirements for an isolated island of Masirah in Oman. The study has been conducted to determine the best hybrid system to generate electrical energy needed for a small community of 500 residential buildings. A series of a simulation analyses have been carried out to evaluate and optimize different distribution technologies including photovolatics, wind and diesel for electrical generation in combination with storage batteries. It was found that the cost of energy could be reduced by as much as 48% compared to the cost for the baseline generation system currently used in the Masirah Island (i.e. diesel-driven generators). In particular, it was found that wind turbines in combination with storage batteries have a great impact in reducing the cost of generating electrical energy for the residential community. Moreover, solar PV panels were found unattractive under the current diesel price rates but could potentially become viable if the diesel prices increase. The paper outlines an optimal design for generating electricity for the community at lowest cost while minimizing carbon emissions.

Renewables deployment will grow in South-east Asia

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Near Term ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Competitive Pricing

Subject Near-term outlook for renewable energy in South-east Asia. Significance Renewable energy has been slow to develop in South-east Asia, where electricity provision is dominated by thermal power generation. However, the cost of onshore wind and photovoltaic (PV) solar energy is falling. Impacts Renewables growth may prove a competitive threat to the development of liquefied natural gas projects in South-east Asia. A growing wind supply chain in Asia promises competitive pricing for South-east Asia’s nascent offshore wind sector. The growth of distributed solar PV could limit the need for major transmission investments.

scholarly journals A Review Paper on Advancements in Solar PV Technology, Environmental Impact of PV Cell Manufacturing

2021 ◽  
pp. 485-492
Author(s):  
V. Raja Sekhar ◽  
P. Pradeep
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Technological Advancement ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Good Market ◽  
Cost Of Materials ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Photovoltaic Technologies

Technological advancement, reduction in the cost of materials, and Government support for sustainable development help improvement in solar PV technology in recent years. Photovoltaic technology is majorly employed to generated electricity worldwide in the renewable energy category. To establish a good market base for Solar PV the efficiency of solar cells plays a significant role. Presently, extensive research work is going for efficiency improvement of solar cells for commercial use. The efficiency of monocrystalline silicon solar cells has shown very good improvement year by year. It starts with only 15% in the 1950s and then increases to 17% in the 1970s and continuously increases up to 28% nowadays. The growth in solar photovoltaic technologies including worldwide status, materials for solar cells, efficiency, factor affecting the performance of PV modules, an overview of a cost analysis of PV, and its environmental impact are reviewed in this paper.

scholarly journals Feasibility Study of Grid-Connected Solar Photovoltaic (PV) System for Primary School in Johor

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 233
Author(s):  
Siti Amely Jumaat ◽  
Adhwa Amsyar Syazwan Ab Majid ◽  
Chin Kim Gan ◽  
Mohd Noor Abdullah ◽  
Nur Hanis Radzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Educational Institution ◽  
Project Planning ◽  
Solar Photovoltaic ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
System Implementation ◽  
Huge Amount ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Pv Module ◽  
Solar Pv System ◽  
The Cost

This project aims to determine the potential of grid connected solar Photovoltaic (PV) implementation and project planning of solar PV System in school.  Generally, the educational institution used huge amount of electricity to operate so their monthly bills is expensive. Therefore, the project planning is necessary to determine the potential of solar PV system implementation. The project planning consists of the current electricity consumed by the school and the amount of 120W Monocrystalline PV module needed by them. The cost of project are determines to identify the initial cost of this project implementation. Lastly, analysis on the profit collected by SK Pintas Raya after 20 years of solar PV system implementation proved the importance of this project.

scholarly journals Solar PV Tree: Shade-Free Design and Cost Analysis Considering Indian Scenario

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Varaprasad JANAMALA
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Energy Yield ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Lighting System ◽  
Tree Model ◽  
Ghg Reduction ◽  
Basketball Court ◽  
The Cost

In this paper, the performance and the cost-effectiveness of a solar PV tree for supplying the energy demand of a flood lighting system at a basketball court in the School of Engineering and Technology, Christ (Deemed to be University) at Bangalore, India, are analyzed. Also, the energy demand of a flood lighting system for year 2017 is estimated (16 kWh/day), and the design of 4 individual trees of 1 kWp each is proposed, which saves around 40 sq.m area of land near to the basketball court. The experimental data was collected from June 1st, 2018 to May 31st, 2019, using a data acquisition system and processed to calculate the monthly cost of energy produced by each tree. In order to reduce the complexity in design and allow it to be shade-free, all the panels of a tree were oriented at the same azimuth angle. Based on technical and economical assessments with respect to rooftop systems, the solar PV tree presented reasonable results and could be a future adoptable technology for high population density areas, as well as for remote applications. Later, the adoptability of the proposed solar PV tree was simulated for 2 kWp, considering the climatic conditions of 2020, for different rural and urban locations of India. From the techno-economic-environmental analysis, it is highlighted that the annual energy yield is more with the solar PV tree model than with a land-mounted SPV system. The cost savings and greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction are also higher with the proposed oak tree-based solar PV tree in urban areas than in rural areas recommending it for practical applications.

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