The nexus of industrialization, GDP per capita and CO2 emission in China

2021 ◽  
pp. 101674
Author(s):  
Bilal Aslam ◽  
Jinsong Hu ◽  
Sadaf Shahab ◽  
Awais Ahmad ◽  
Mudassar Saleem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Per Capita

scholarly journals Does Financial & Social Development are Important for Economic Growth? An International Scenario

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Rehman ◽  
Irum Saba ◽  
Rehana Kousar
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
Health Expenditures ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Significant Relation ◽  
Market Capitalization ◽  
Turnover Ratio ◽  
Domestic Credit ◽  
Per Capita

Financial and Social Development plays pivotal role in the economic growth of nations. Developed countries have strong financial and social infrastructure. This study focuses on the social and financial development in relation to economic growth of developed, developing and frontier economies. Gross Domestic product (GDP) per capita used as dependent variable. Domestic credit, market capitalization, turnover ratio, household consumption, foreign direct investment, capital formation, Co2 Emission and trade openness are used as independent variables. government expenditures on education and current health expenditures are use as social variables. Unemployment and inflation rate also use as control variables. Pooled OLS (ordinary least squares), fixed effects and random effects models are used to check the relationship among variables from 2001-2017.  Results show positive and significant relation between Gross Domestic product (GDP) Domestic credit, education expenditures and health expenditures in case of developing countries. Market capitalization, turnover ratio, foreign direct investment, and trade openness have a positive but insignificant relationship. Co2 Emission, inflation and unemployment rate have negative and insignificant relation with GDP per capita. In advanced countries Inflation rate trade openness and FDI have positive and significant relation with GDP per capita. Domestic credit, market capitalization, turnover ratio, household final consumption and Co2 Emission have a negative relation with GDP per capita. Education and health also have a negative and insignificant relation with GDP per capita. In Frontier economies there is a positive and insignificant relation of market capitalization, FDI, Co2 Emission and health expenditures with GDP per capita. capital formation, turnover ratio, household consumption, trade openness has negative and significant relation with per capita. Education expenditures have positive and significant relation with GDP per capita. Co2 have positive but insignificant relation. Inflation and unemployment rate have negative but insignificant relation with GDP per capita.

scholarly journals 209Novel indicator of air pollution control efficacy: analysis of 196 countries from 2000 to 2016

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunlei Han
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Air Pollution Control ◽  
Control Efficacy ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Pm2.5 Concentration

Abstract Background PM2.5 concentration is different with the same CO2 emission across countries, which might because of different air pollution control efficacy. But there is no indicator to reflect the level of air pollution control efficacy in previous studies. We aimed to develop such an indicator, and to evaluate its global and temporal distribution and its association with country-level health metrics. Methods A novel indicator, PM2.5 concentration per unit per capita CO2 emission (PC), was developed to show the air pollution control efficacy. We estimated and mapped the global average distribution of PC and PC changes during 2000-2016 of 196 countries for the first time. Gini coefficient was used to show the inequity of PC among different countries. Pearson correlation coefficients and Generalized Additive Mixed Model (GAMM) were used to evaluate the relationship between PC and health metrics. Results PC varied by country with an inverse association with GDP per capita. PC showed a declining trend globally from 2000 to 2016. The most remarkable decreases were observed for countries in Central Africa like Chad, Democratic Republic of Congo and Niger, then China and India. The international inequality of PC has also decreased. The Pearson correlation coefficients between PC and life expectancy at birth (LE), Infant-mortality rate (IMR), Under-five mortality rate (U5MR) and logarithm of GDP per capita(LPGDP) were -0.566, 0.646, 0.659,-0.585 respectively(all P-values <0.05). Compared with PM2.5 and CO2, PC could explain more variation of LE, IMR and U5MR. Conclusions PC might be a good indicator of air pollution control efficacy and was related to important health indicators. Our findings provide a new way to interpret health equity across the globe from the point of air pollution control efficacy. Key messages air pollution, climate change, health equity, air pollution control efficacy our study developed a novel air pollution control efficacy indicator named PM2.5 concentration per unit per capita CO2 emission (PC). In the context of global climate change, PC is a good indicator to deal with air pollution for policymakers.

scholarly journals Emissions of CO2 in the European Union: Empirical analysis of demographic, economic and technological factors

Stanovnistvo ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-82
Author(s):  
Predrag Petrovic ◽  
Goran Nikolic ◽  
Ivana Ostojic
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Population Growth Rate ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Emission Growth

Greenhouse gases emissions (GHG) and global climate change phenomena have been top priorities on the agenda of highest-level policy makers for a long period of time now. Scientists are well-familiarised with the fact that use of fossil fuels, such as oil derivatives and coal, is the main generator of harmful gases. In addition, possible substitutions for fossil fuels in the form of other energy sources are very limited, and it should be remembered that other energy sources also have certain adverse environmental effects. Bearing in mind climate change caused by products of fossil fuels combustion, as well as inevitable depletion of natural crude oil resources, management of growing global energy demand becomes one of the key goals and challenges of 21st century. This study is dedicated to lightening up of most significant demographic, economic and technological indicators of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in 28 EU member states in the period between 1991 and 2014. The research results, based on logarithmic STIRPAT model and application of econometric techniques on unbalanced panel data sample of 587 (247) observations, indicate that impact of GDP per capita is statistically significant and positive. An increase in GDP per capita growth rate of 1% leads to increased CO2 emissions growth rate ranging between 1.10% and 1.15%. The results unequivocally suggest positive impact of energy intensity to CO2 emissions. Increased growth rate in relative energy consumption of 1% results in increased CO2 emission growth rate ranging between 1.07% and 1.09%. This analysis reinforces the conclusions of numerous empirical studies that impact of population on CO2 emissions is significant and positive. An increase in demographic growth rate of 1% implies increased CO2 emission growth rate ranging between 0.74% and 1.02%. In other words, low fertility rate in the European Union might have positive effect on CO2 emissions reduction. In addition, possibility that elasticity of CO2 emission growth rate in relation to population growth rate is changed depending on the size of population growth rate is rejected on the basis of obtained findings. Impact of gross value added of manufacturing and demographic variables representing the population age structure (share of children and adolescents younger than 14 and share of working age population in total population) is not estimated as statistically significant. Finally, the result that average household size does not determine the CO2 emission should be construed very carefully, since it was obtained on quite small sample, thus questioning representativeness and validity thereof. [Project of the Serbian Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development, Grant no. III47010 i Grant no. 179014]

Searching for new Sources of growth. Are the Developing Countries Catching up with the Developed ones?

2015 ◽  
pp. 30-53
Author(s):  
V. Popov
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
The West ◽  
Catching Up ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
Economic Divergence ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Relative Standing

This paper examines the trajectory of growth in the Global South. Before the 1500s all countries were roughly at the same level of development, but from the 1500s Western countries started to grow faster than the rest of the world and PPP GDP per capita by 1950 in the US, the richest Western nation, was nearly 5 times higher than the world average and 2 times higher than in Western Europe. Since 1950 this ratio stabilized - not only Western Europe and Japan improved their relative standing in per capita income versus the US, but also East Asia, South Asia and some developing countries in other regions started to bridge the gap with the West. After nearly half of the millennium of growing economic divergence, the world seems to have entered the era of convergence. The factors behind these trends are analyzed; implications for the future and possible scenarios are considered.

Atlas of economic complexity, Russian regional pages

2018 ◽  
pp. 71-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. L. Lyubimov ◽  
M. V. Lysyuk ◽  
M. A. Gvozdeva
Keyword(s):  
Value Added ◽  
Growth Strategy ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Export Diversification ◽  
Russian Regions ◽  
Economic Complexity ◽  
Diversification Strategies ◽  
Central Regions ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Regions Of Russia

Well-established results indicate that export diversification might be a better growth strategy for an emerging economy as long as its GDP per capita level is smaller than an empirically defined threshold. As average incomes in Russian regions are likely to be far below the threshold, it might be important to estimate their diversification potential. The paper discusses the Atlas of economic complexity for Russian regions created to visualize regional export baskets, to estimate their complexity and evaluate regional export potential. The paper’s results are consistent with previous findings: the complexity of export is substantially higher and diversification potential is larger in western and central regions of Russia. Their export potential might become larger if western and central regions, first, try to join global value added chains and second, cooperate and develop joint diversification strategies. Northern and eastern regions are by contrast much less complex and their diversification potential is small.

The Reproduction Vector of the Russian Economy: 1999-2007

2008 ◽  
pp. 94-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Sorokin
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Real Sector ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Developed Countries

The problem of the Russian economy’s growth rates is considered in the article in the context of Russia’s backwardness regarding GDP per capita in comparison with the developed countries. The author stresses the urgency of modernization of the real sector of the economy and the recovery of the country’s human capital. For reaching these goals short- or mid-term programs are not sufficient. Economic policy needs a long-term (15-20 years) strategy, otherwise Russia will be condemned to economic inertia and multiplying structural disproportions.

The monetary value of disability-adjusted-life-years lost in Kenya in 2017.pdf

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joses Kirigia ◽  
Rose Nabi Deborah Karimi Muthuri
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
International Monetary Fund ◽  
Health Expenditure ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
World Health ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Current Health ◽  
Monetary Value ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Per Capita

<div>A variant of human capital (or net output) analytical framework was applied to monetarily value DALYs lost from 166 diseases and injuries. The monetary value of each of the 166 diseases (or injuries) was obtained through multiplication of the net 2019 GDP per capita for Kenya by the number of DALYs lost from each specific cause. Where net GDP per capita was calculated by subtracting current health expenditure from the GDP per capita. </div><div> </div><p>The DALYs data for the 166 causes were from IHME (Global Burden of Disease Collaborative Network, 2018), GDP per capita data from the International Monetary Fund world economic outlook database (International Monetary Fund, 2019), and the current health expenditure per person data from the WHO Global Health Expenditure Database (World Health Organization, 2019b). A model consisting of fourteen equations was calculated with Excel Software developed by Microsoft (New York).</p><p> </p>

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