scholarly journals Emissions of CO2 in the European Union: Empirical analysis of demographic, economic and technological factors

Stanovnistvo ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-82
Author(s):  
Predrag Petrovic ◽  
Goran Nikolic ◽  
Ivana Ostojic
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Population Growth Rate ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Emission Growth

Greenhouse gases emissions (GHG) and global climate change phenomena have been top priorities on the agenda of highest-level policy makers for a long period of time now. Scientists are well-familiarised with the fact that use of fossil fuels, such as oil derivatives and coal, is the main generator of harmful gases. In addition, possible substitutions for fossil fuels in the form of other energy sources are very limited, and it should be remembered that other energy sources also have certain adverse environmental effects. Bearing in mind climate change caused by products of fossil fuels combustion, as well as inevitable depletion of natural crude oil resources, management of growing global energy demand becomes one of the key goals and challenges of 21st century. This study is dedicated to lightening up of most significant demographic, economic and technological indicators of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in 28 EU member states in the period between 1991 and 2014. The research results, based on logarithmic STIRPAT model and application of econometric techniques on unbalanced panel data sample of 587 (247) observations, indicate that impact of GDP per capita is statistically significant and positive. An increase in GDP per capita growth rate of 1% leads to increased CO2 emissions growth rate ranging between 1.10% and 1.15%. The results unequivocally suggest positive impact of energy intensity to CO2 emissions. Increased growth rate in relative energy consumption of 1% results in increased CO2 emission growth rate ranging between 1.07% and 1.09%. This analysis reinforces the conclusions of numerous empirical studies that impact of population on CO2 emissions is significant and positive. An increase in demographic growth rate of 1% implies increased CO2 emission growth rate ranging between 0.74% and 1.02%. In other words, low fertility rate in the European Union might have positive effect on CO2 emissions reduction. In addition, possibility that elasticity of CO2 emission growth rate in relation to population growth rate is changed depending on the size of population growth rate is rejected on the basis of obtained findings. Impact of gross value added of manufacturing and demographic variables representing the population age structure (share of children and adolescents younger than 14 and share of working age population in total population) is not estimated as statistically significant. Finally, the result that average household size does not determine the CO2 emission should be construed very carefully, since it was obtained on quite small sample, thus questioning representativeness and validity thereof. [Project of the Serbian Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development, Grant no. III47010 i Grant no. 179014]

scholarly journals Time Series Stochastic Properties Of Growth Miracles And Growth Disasters

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Avila ◽  
Hugo J. Faria ◽  
Hugo Montesinos-Yufa ◽  
Daniel Morales
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Unit Root ◽  
Population Growth Rate ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Government Expenditures ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
Real Gdp ◽  
Real Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Stochastic Properties

Preliminary findings of this research suggest significant stochastic properties differences between growth miracles and growth disasters. Miracles real GDP per capita exhibit at least one unit root whereas disasters is either stationary or has a negative unit root. Average growth rates appear to be significantly different. Average population growth rate is stationary for disasters, for miracles the existence of a negative unit root cannot be rejected. Consumption for miracles is either stationary or tends to decline, for disasters is stationary or tends to increase. Investment average and volatility are apparently significantly greater for miracles. Government expenditures for disasters are non stationary, for miracles are stationary with an incipient tendency to decline. Moreover, average government expenditures apparently are greater and more volatile for disasters. Finally, openness is stationary for disasters and for miracles it has at least one unit root.

scholarly journals Economic Growth and Environmental Quality in the European Union Countries – Is there Evidence for the Environmental Kuznets Curve?

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Mazur ◽  
Zaur Phutkaradze ◽  
Jaba Phutkaradze
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
European Union ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Environmental Kuznets Curve ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
The European Union ◽  
European Union Countries ◽  
Per Capita

Abstract This research empirically explores the relation between carbon dioxide emission and economic growth during the period 1992-2010, using panel data on the European Union countries. Both fixed and random effect models are employed to test the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) relationship between CO2 emissions and GDP per capita. While no U-shaped EKC was confirmed empirically for all 28 current EU member states, the graphical analysis demonstrates a justified turning point for CO2 emissions as GDP per capita reaches the level of 23,000 USD. Furthermore, there is a firm empirical ground for the EKC hypothesis based on data from 16 older, relatively high-income EU states. Thus, though not empirically confirmed, there is ample data verifying the existence of the EKC in EU economies.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF DETERMINANTS OF POOR POPULATION IN CENTRAL JAVA 2008-2017

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Ana Rahmawati Wibowo ◽  
Rifki Khoirudin
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Purchasing Power Parity ◽  
Population Growth Rate ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Power Parity ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Per Capita

One of the indicators socio-economic the success of development is a decrease in the number of poor people. Central Java is the province with the second largest number of poor people after East Java Province. This study aims to determine the effect of population growth rate, GDP per capita life expectancy (AHH), mean years of schooling (RLS) and purchasing power parity simultaneously and partially on the number of poor people in Central Java from 2008-2017. This study uses secondary data by using program Stata 14, the analysis technique used is multiple linear regression panel data. The results of the study showed that the population growth rate, GDP per capita, life expectancy (AHH), mean years of schooling (RLS) and purchasing power parity simultaneously have a significant effect on the number of poor people. Partially, population growth rate, life expectancy, and means years of schooling have a negative and significant influence on the number of poor people. While the GDP per capita and purchasing power parity do not have a significant effect on the number of poor people in Central Java. Various government policies and programs should continue to be rolled out to isolated areas so that increased income can be balanced with equitable development.

The nexus of industrialization, GDP per capita and CO2 emission in China

2021 ◽  
pp. 101674
Author(s):  
Bilal Aslam ◽  
Jinsong Hu ◽  
Sadaf Shahab ◽  
Awais Ahmad ◽  
Mudassar Saleem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Per Capita

scholarly journals Advances in Underground Energy Storage for Renewable Energy Sources

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 5142
Author(s):  
Javier Menéndez ◽  
Jorge Loredo
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Storage ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Coal Fuel

The use of fossil fuels (coal, fuel, and natural gas) to generate electricity has been reduced in the European Union during the last few years, involving a significant decrease in greenhouse gas emissions [...]

scholarly journals The Regional Inequity of CO2 Emissions per Capita in China

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ting Liu ◽  
Wenqing Pan
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Energy Intensity ◽  
Industrial Structure ◽  
Theil Index ◽  
Energy Structure ◽  
Co2 Emission Reduction ◽  
Index Method ◽  
Per Capita

This paper combines Theil index method with factor decomposition technique to analyze China eight regions’ inequality of CO2 emissions per capita, and discuss energy structure, energy intensity, industrial structure, and per capita output’s impacts on inequality. This research shows that: (1) The trend of China regional carbon inequality is in the opposite direction to the per capita CO2 emission level. Namely, as the per capita CO2 emission levels rise, regional carbon inequality decreases, and vice versa. (2) Per capita output factor reduces regional carbon inequality, whereas energy structure factor and energy intensity factor increase the inequality. (3) More developed areas can reduce the carbon inequality by improving the energy structure, whereas the divergence of energy intensity in less developed areas has increased to expand the carbon inequity. Thus, when designing CO2 emission reduction targets, policy makers should consider regional differences in economic development level and energy efficiency, and refer to the main influencing factors. At the same time, upgrading industrial structure and upgrading energy technologies should be combined to meet the targets of economic growth and CO2 emission reduction.

scholarly journals Desacoplamento entre as Emissões de CO2 e o PIB

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 37-53
Author(s):  
Yves Rocha De Salles Lima ◽  
Tatiane Stellet Machado ◽  
Joao Jose de Assis Rangel
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
International Energy Agency ◽  
The United States ◽  
Oil Price ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Energy Agency ◽  
The Us ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The One

The objetive of this work is to analyze the variation of CO2 emissions and GDP per capita throughout the years and identify the possible interaction between them. For this purpose, data from the International Energy Agency was collected on two countries, Brazil and the one with the highest GDP worldwide, the United States. Thus, the results showed that CO2 emissions have been following the country’s economic growth for many years. However, these two indicators have started to decouple in the US in 2007 while in Brazil the same happened in 2011. Furthermore, projections for CO2 emissions are made until 2040, considering 6 probable scenarios. These projections showed that even if the oil price decreases, the emissions will not be significantly affected as long as the economic growth does not decelerate.

scholarly journals Pretreatments of lignocellulosic feedstock for bioethanol production

2010 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 283-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zlatica Predojevic
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Bioethanol Production ◽  
Environment Protection ◽  
Lignocellulosic Feedstock ◽  
Lignocellulosic Feedstocks

The use of renewable energy sources (biofuels), either as a component in the conventional fossil fuels, gasoline and diesel, or as a pure biofuel, contributes to energy saving and decrease of total CO2 emission. The use of bioethanol mixed with gasoline significantly decreases gasoline consumption and contributes to environment protection. One of the problems in the production of bioethanol is the availability of sugar and starch based feedstock used for its production. However, lignocellulosic feedstocks are becoming more significant in the production of bioethanol due to their availability and low cost. The aim of this study is to point out the advantages and shortcomings of pretreatment processes and hydrolyses of lignocellulosic feedstocks that precede their fermentation to bioethanol.

scholarly journals Influence of Photovoltaic Development on Decarbonization of Power Generation—Example of Poland

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (22) ◽  
pp. 7819
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Lew ◽  
Beata Sadowska ◽  
Katarzyna Chudy-Laskowska ◽  
Grzegorz Zimon ◽  
Magdalena Wójcik-Jurkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Willingness To Use

Climate change is becoming a global problem. In many countries, actions are taken with the main aim of reducing CO2 emissions. The main action, especially in developed countries, is decarbonization. The European Union has become one of the organizations that plays a leading role in decarbonization of the economy. For this reason, renewable energy sources are being intensively developed in the EU countries. Solar energy with the use of PV installations is developing the fastest. Poland is one of the European leaders in photovoltaic development, and according to estimates for 2021–2025, it will continue to be. The aim of this study was to find out the opinions of people toward actions related to the decarbonization policy in Poland. These opinions were obtained through the prism of respondents’ attitudes toward energy produced by means of PV micro-installations. A questionnaire survey was used in this research. The survey was conducted using the CAWI (Computer-Assisted Web Interview) technique. To analyze the results of the study, a Kruskal–Wallis ANOVA test and U–Mann Whitney test were used. Responses were obtained from 633 people. The results obtained from the survey allowed us to draw conclusions, which include the following: (1) a lack of general conviction of respondents about the effectiveness of Poland’s decarbonization policy on reducing global CO2 emissions, especially among those who show a higher willingness to use PV installations, (2) the willingness to use PV installations is motivated by economic rather than environmental benefits, (3) the need for more widespread public campaigns aimed at promoting the benefits of decarbonization and renewable energy sources, and (4) the finding that the respondents’ region of residence (with a different degree of insolation) mattered for the willingness to use PV installations.

scholarly journals THE CONTRIBUTION OF MIGRATION TO ECONOMIC GROWTH: THE EXAMPLE OF THE CITY OF ZAGREB

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinko Miličević ◽  
Danijel Knežević ◽  
Zoran Bubaš
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
European Union ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

The problems in this paper belong to the field of migration and economy. The connection between migration and the economy has been proven on a global level, and as far as the Republic of Croatia is concerned, it is especially important to observe it through the City of Zagreb, which is the most important migration and economic center in the Republic of Croatia. Also, the accession of the Republic of Croatia to the European Union emphasized the observation and research of this connection because it created the preconditions for freer movement and employment of the population of the Republic of Croatia and the City of Zagreb within the European Union. The aim of this paper is to determine the contribution of migration to the economic growth of the City of Zagreb. The hypothesis presented in the paper is that there is a significant contribution of migration to the economic growth of the City of Zagreb. The disposition of the paper consists of six parts. The introduction explains the relevance of the topic, states the aim of the paper and hypotheses, explains the empirical part, the contribution of the paper and the disposition. The second part of the paper refers to the theoretical framework of the impact of migration on economic growth. The third part of the paper presents the migration processes of the City of Zagreb in the period from 2011 to 2018. The fourth part deals with economic activity in the City of Zagreb in the period from 2011 to 2017. The observed indicators of economic activity in the City of Zagreb are GDP and GDP per capita, and the graph in this part of the paper shows that GDP and GDP per capita in the observed period are higher at the end of the period than at the beginning. The fifth part of the paper refers to the empirical research of the contribution of migration to the economic growth of the City of Zagreb. The empirical part of the paper is based on correlations and regression analyses. This paper proves the hypothesis because the results indicate a significant impact of the variables of total and external migration on the GDP of the City of Zagreb and GDP per capita of the City of Zagreb. Decision-makers in the City of Zagreb can use the results of the research as a basis for maximizing the economic benefits they can get from migration. The conclusion provides an overview of the aim of the work, the results of the research, the limitations, the implications and the recommendations for future research.

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