Use of Novel Psychoactive Substances and Induced Psychiatric Symptoms: Outcomes From the Eivissa Project

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S206-S206 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Martinotti ◽  
C. Montemitro ◽  
M. Corbo ◽  
F. Sarchione ◽  
E. Cinosi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
New Psychoactive Substances ◽  
Psychiatric History ◽  
Hamilton Depression Scale ◽  
Psychoactive Substances ◽  
Young Mania ◽  
Polydrug Abuse

IntroductionPolydrug abuse seems to be especially popular in Ibiza, an important market for new psychoactive substances (NPS). The misuse of psychoactive substances can lead to serious psychiatric symptoms.AimsTo evaluate symptoms induced by NPSs and other club drugs, correlating with the main classes of drugs.MethodsNinety subjects (M/F 59/31) admitted in the Psychiatric Unit of Can Misses Hospital (Ibiza) referring a recent intake of substances were enrolled. The following scales were administered: TLFB (Timeline follow-back); Positive and Negative Symptoms Scale (PANSS); Symptom checklist-90 (SCL-90) ; Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) ; Hamilton Depression Scale (HAM-D); Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAM-A); Modified Overt Aggression Scale (MOAS); Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS).ResultsPolydrug abuse was reported by 67.4% of the sample; the sample was grouped by the main preferred substance in THC-, stimulants-, and depressors-users. The majority of patients reported a previous psychiatric history. Positive symptoms resulted to be higher among THC-users (P < .05). Anxiety evaluated by SCL-90 was prevalent in the group of Depressors-users (P < .05). The scores of MOAS and SCL-90 subscale for hostility/aggression resulted to be significantly (P < .01) greater in the THC-users group.ConclusionsSome specific psychiatric symptoms are characteristic of some classes of substances and may help to identify them when a urine sample is not available. The possibility to develop psychiatric symptoms after a recent drug use is more common in two situations: (1) patients with a previous psychiatric history; (2) subjects with a history of very strong substance use.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Reduced Plasma Dopamine-β-Hydroxylase Activity Is Associated With the Severity of Bipolar Disorder: A Pilot Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zuoli Sun ◽  
Qijing Bo ◽  
Zhen Mao ◽  
Feng Li ◽  
Fan He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Bipolar Depression ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Hamilton Depression Scale ◽  
Cognitive Assessments ◽  
Young Mania ◽  
Neuropsychological Status ◽  
Patient Health ◽  
Depressive Episodes

Dopamine-β-hydroxylase (DβH) is an enzyme converting dopamine to norepinephrine, a key neurotransmitter in mood disorders, such as major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD). Due to overlapping symptomology of unipolar and bipolar depression, the present study attempted to explorer if the plasma DβH activity could discriminate the depressive episodes of BD from MDD. The aim of this study was to compare the plasma DβH activity among MDD patients (n = 104), BD patients (n = 101), and healthy controls (n = 160). Clinical characteristics and cognitive function were assessed using the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS), Hamilton Depression Scale (HAM-D), Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAM-A), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), and Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS). Our data showed a lower plasma DβH activity in patients with BD, not MDD, than that in controls. For the BD patients, the plasma DβH activities were negatively correlated with HAM-D scores and HAM-A scores. However, there was no significant correlation between plasma DβH activity and severity of depressive symptoms in MDD patients. No significant correlation between DβH activities and cognitive assessments neither in BD nor in MDD patients. The present study provides evidence that BD is associated with decreased circulating DβH activity.

Adaptation and validation of the Korean Version of the Bipolar Depression Rating Scale (K-BDRS)

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. s236-s237
Author(s):  
W.M. Bahk ◽  
M.D. Kim ◽  
Y.E. Jung ◽  
Y.S. Woo ◽  
J. Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Bipolar Depression ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Hamilton Depression Scale ◽  
Young Mania ◽  
Korean Version

ObjectivesThe Bipolar Depression Rating Scale (BDRS) is a scale for assessment of the clinical characteristics of bipolar depression. The primary aims of this study were to describe the development of the Korean version of the BDRS (K-BDRS) and to establish more firmly its psychometric properties in terms of reliability and validity.MethodsThe study included 141 patients (62 male and 79 female) who had been diagnosed with bipolar disorder, were currently experiencing symptoms of depression, and were interviewed using the K-BDRS. Other measures included the Montgomery and Asberg Depression Scale (MADRS), the 17-item Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD), and the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS). Additionally, the internal consistency, concurrent validity, inter-rater reliability, and test-retest reliability of the K-BDRS were evaluated.ResultsThe Cronbach's α-coefficient for the K-BDRS was 0.866, the K-BDRS exhibited strong correlations with the HAMD (r = 0.788) and MADRS (r = 0.877), and the mixed symptoms score of the K-BDRS was significantly correlated with the YMRS (r = 0.611). An exploratory factor analysis revealed three factors that corresponded to psychological depressive symptoms, somatic depressive symptoms, and mixed symptoms.ConclusionsThe present findings suggest that the K-BDRS has good psychometric properties and is a valid and reliable tool for assessing depressive symptoms in patients with bipolar disorder.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Insight in bipolar disorder: a comparison between mania, depression and euthymia using the Insight Scale for Affective Disorders

2015 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 152-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael de Assis da Silva ◽  
Daniel C. Mograbi ◽  
Evelyn V. M. Camelo ◽  
Jaqueline Bifano ◽  
Mayra Wainstok ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Clinical Management ◽  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Mood State ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Treatment Compliance ◽  
Hamilton Depression Scale ◽  
Young Mania ◽  
Insight Into

Objective: To evaluate whether having general insight into bipolar disorder and its symptoms is affected by the mood state of the patient, using the Insight Scale for Affective Disorders, a hetero-application scale for people with mood disorders.Methods: Ninety-five patients with bipolar disorder were evaluated and divided into different groups according to the mood state presented during assessment (i.e., euthymia, mania and depression). Sociodemographic and clinical data (Hamilton Depression Scale, Young Mania Rating Scale, and Clinical Global Impressions Scale) were recorded. Insight was evaluated using the Insight Scale for Affective Disorders.Results: Patients with bipolar disorder in mania show less insight about their condition than patients in depression or euthymia, and less insight about their symptoms than patients with depression, with the exception of awareness of weight change.Conclusions: Loss of insight during mania may have important implications for treatment compliance and adherence and needs to be taken into account in the clinical management of people with bipolar disorder.

scholarly journals Depression in Parkinson's disease: study of 60 cases

2005 ◽  
Vol 63 (3b) ◽  
pp. 766-771 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto César Pereira do Prado ◽  
Egberto Reis Barbosa
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Hamilton Depression Scale ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Clinical Criteria ◽  
Disease Study ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Relationship Of

Depression is very frequent in Parkinson’s disease (PD) and largely unrecognized by neurologists, emphasizing the need of an approach to psychiatric symptoms by non psychiatrists in order to ensure an early diagnosis of depression in PD; clinical characteristics and the prevalence rate of depression in PD were evaluated and the relationship of depression in PD with other variables were determined. Sixty PD subjects, who fulfilled the clinical criteria for primary PD, 56,6% males, age range from 44 to 85 years old, in different stages of the disease were investigated. All subjects were submitted to the UPDRS-III, V and VI, Clinical Interview Schedule and the Hamilton depression scale. A significant correlation was found between depression and UPDRS-III, V and VI, anxiety and irritability. The frequency of depression in PD in this study was nearly 40% possessing specific features. Structured interviews and evaluation scales are essential for an accurate diagnosis and proper treatment of depression in PD.

Depressive Mixed States: Symptomatology, Prevalence and Principles of Treatment

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
W. Drozdz ◽  
A. Borkowska
Keyword(s):  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Depressive Symptomatology ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mood Stabilizers ◽  
Hamilton Depression Scale ◽  
Principles Of Treatment ◽  
Bipolar Patients

Current diagnostic systems (DSM-IV-TR and ICD-10) do not include depressive mixed state (DMS) as a separate category. However, both historical descriptions and data from recent research clearly indicate that cooccurrence of (hypo)maniacal and depressive symptoms is standard in clinical picture of affective disorders. Most frequently employed criterion for DMS is the presence of at least three symptoms of (hypo)mania for 7 days during a major depressive episode. Not only formal diagnostic criteria for DMS are lacking but also psychometric assessment tools (for example the Hamilton Depression Scale or the MADRS) were designed around the features of “classical” depression. The other obstacles to recognize DMS could be lack of insight into the (hypo)maniacal symptoms in patients and cognitive dysfunctions present during an episode. On the other hand, newly created instrument, the Bipolar Depression Rating Scale, may assist clinical evaluation of DMS. Despite predominating depressive symptomatology, the principles of treatment of DMS suggest avoidance of antidepressant monotherapy in favor of mood stabilizers' administration. Actually DMS may emerge as a complication of antidepressant monotherapy in some bipolar patients or may be induced with interferon-alpha treatment in some chronic hepatitis C patients. Important consequences of both spontaneous and drug-induced DMS could be the roughening of affective symptomatology, resistance to antidepressants and the increase of suicidality. Thorough appraisal of symptoms seen in patients with affective disorders for indicators of DMS could have critical consequences for functional outcomes.

Association among Items from the Self-Report Version of the Hamilton Depression Scale (Carroll Rating Scale) and Respondents' Sex

2007 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
pp. 291-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Luiza Camozzato ◽  
Maria Paz Hidalgo ◽  
Sônia Souza ◽  
Márcia L. F. Chaves
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
General Population ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Sex Bias ◽  
Hamilton Depression Scale ◽  
Nonclinical Sample

The association among items of the self-reported version of the Hamilton Depression Scale (Carroll Rating Scale), answered according to a memory of a maximally disturbing event experienced, and respondents' sex was examined in a nonclinical sample of 320 college students, 164 women ( M age = 21.7 yr., SD = 3.6) and 156 men ( M age = 23.5 yr., SD = 5.8). An assessment of sex bias was also evaluated. Multiple regression analysis showed that statements regarding unhappiness, urge to cry, dizziness and faintness, and waking in the middle of the night were significantly associated with women. Removal of these items from the Carroll Rating Scale Total scores eliminated the sex differences in depression rates. Items that displayed significant sex bias were those regarding behavior and emotions commonly attributed to women within the general population.

scholarly journals Depressed Mood after Stroke: Predictive Factors at Six Months Follow-Up

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (24) ◽  
pp. 9542
Author(s):  
Fidel López-Espuela ◽  
Raúl Roncero-Martín ◽  
Maria de la Luz Canal-Macías ◽  
Jose M. Moran ◽  
Vicente Vera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scale ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Length Of Hospital Stay ◽  
Hamilton Depression Scale ◽  
Modified Rankin Scale ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Post Stroke ◽  
Depression Assessment ◽  
Degree Of Disability ◽  
Post Stroke Depression

We aimed to know the prevalence of post-stroke depression (PSD) in our context, identify the variables that could predict post-stroke depression, by using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, occurring within six months after stroke, and identify patients at high risk for PSD. Methods: descriptive, cross-sectional and observational study. We included 173 patients with stroke (transient ischemic attack (TIA) included) and collected sociodemographic and clinical variables. We used the Hamilton Depression Scale (HDS) for depression assessment and Barthel Index and modified Rankin Scale (mRS) for functional assessment. The neurological severity was evaluated by the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS). Results: 35.5% were women, aged 71.16 (±12.3). Depression was present in 42.2% patients (n = 73) at six months after stroke. The following variables were significantly associated with PSD: diagnosis of previous depression (p = 0.005), the modified Rankin Scale at discharge (p = 0.032) and length of hospital stay (p = 0.012). Conclusion: PSD is highly prevalent after stroke and is associated with the severity, left location of the stroke, and the degree of disability at discharge. Its impact justifies the evaluation and early treatment that still continues to be a challenge today.

Psychiatric Assessment of Anxiety and Depression in Medical Patient

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
D. Telles-Correia ◽  
A. Barbosa ◽  
I. Mega
Keyword(s):  
Learned Helplessness ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Medical Patient ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Medical Illness ◽  
Hamilton Depression Scale ◽  
Depression And Anxiety

Anxiety and depression are very common in patients with medical illness and can be associated to a reduction in quality of life and a poor clinical evolution.The actual concept of anxiety is based on many theoretical models as Goldstein's anxiety model, State/trate anxiety model, Lazarus' transactional stress model. The concept of depression is based on models such as Beck's Cognitive Model and Seligman's learned helplessness model of depression.The link between anxiety/depression and medical illness can be of two kinds: biological (immunological, neuroendocrine, inflammatory systems) and behavioural (coping strategies, adherence to medical advice and prescription, etc).A dimensional approach should be used to access anxiety and depression in medical once the thresholds of depression and anxiety that are associated with medical outcomes are not known.Both self report and rating scale/interview measurements have certain advantages as well as certain inherent disadvantages. Neither approach is universally better than other.Some of the most used instruments are Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAM), Hamilton Depression Scale (HDS), Montgomery and Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI).The only scale validated exclusively to access depression and anxiety in medical population, and that can overcome the influence that medical disease has in depression and anxiety is HADS.

scholarly journals An Open-Label, 8-Week Study of Safety and Efficacy of Pimavanserin Treatment in Adults with Parkinson’s Disease and Depression

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 1751-1761
Author(s):  
Daryl DeKarske ◽  
Gustavo Alva ◽  
Jason L. Aldred ◽  
Bruce Coate ◽  
Marc Cantillon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Reuptake Inhibitor ◽  
Adjunctive Therapy ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
System Organ Class ◽  
Hamilton Depression Scale ◽  
Open Label

Background: Many patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) experience depression. Objective: Evaluate pimavanserin treatment for depression in patients with PD. Methods: Pimavanserin was administered as monotherapy or adjunctive therapy to a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor or serotonin/noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor in this 8-week, single-arm, open-label phase 2 study (NCT03482882). The primary endpoint was change from baseline to week 8 in Hamilton Depression Scale–17-item version (HAMD-17) score. Safety, including collection of adverse events and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Movement Disorder Society-sponsored revision of the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale Part III (MDS-UPDRS III) scores, was assessed in patients who received ≥1 pimavanserin dose. Results: Efficacy was evaluated in 45 patients (21 monotherapy, 24 adjunctive therapy). Mean (SE) baseline HAMD-17 was 19.2 (3.1). Change from baseline to week 8 (least squares [LS] mean [SE]) in the HAMD-17 was –10.8 (0.63) (95% CI, –12.0 to –9.5; p < 0.0001) with significant improvement seen at week 2 (p < 0.0001) and for both monotherapy (week 8, –11.2 [0.99]) and adjunctive therapy (week 8,–10.2 [0.78]). Most patients (60.0%) had ≥50% improvement at week 8, and 44.4% of patients reached remission (HAMD-17 score ≤7). Twenty-one of 47 patients experienced 42 treatment-emergent adverse events; the most common by system organ class were gastrointestinal (n = 7; 14.9%) and psychiatric (n = 7; 14.9%). No negative effects were observed on MMSE or MDS-UPDRS Part III. Conclusion: In this 8-week, single-arm, open-label study, pimavanserin as monotherapy or adjunctive therapy was well tolerated and associated with early and sustained improvement of depressive symptoms in patients with PD.

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