Grain yield and grain protein of old and modern durum wheat cultivars grown under different cropping systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 230 ◽  
pp. 107-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Giunta ◽  
Giovanni Pruneddu ◽  
Rosella Motzo
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
Wheat Cultivars

scholarly journals Nitrogen Metabolism at Tillering Stage Differently Affects the Grain Yield and Grain Protein Content in Two Durum Wheat Cultivars

Diversity ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 186
Author(s):  
Fortunato ◽  
Nigro ◽  
Paradiso ◽  
Cucci ◽  
Lacolla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Grain Protein Content ◽  
Cultivar Differences ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Nitrogen Abundance

Soil nitrogen abundance, as well as nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), significantly affect the crop yield and grain protein content (GPC). Depending on the genotype, a negative correlation between the yield and GPC can occur. The aim of the study was to assess the agronomic performance, and to explore physiological pathways for the efficient use of N fertilizer for two durum wheat cultivars, “Aureo” and “Vespucci”. After fertilization, the nitrogen content and values of some of the agronomic parameters and yield-related traits increased in both cultivars; nevertheless, a simultaneous rise in both the yield and GPC occurred only in Aureo. The biochemical parameters, analyzed at tillering, confirm the genotypic specificity of nitrogen use. In Vespucci’s roots, the nitrogen supply did not affect the nitrate reductase (NR), but greatly increased the amino acids and proteins, suggesting that ammonium is preferentially assimilated. In Aureo, nitrate is in part assimilated by the roots, as suggested by the ammonium increase and NR enhancement. In the leaves of both cultivars, organic nitrogen significantly increased after fertilization; however, the rise in amino acids, as well as in NR activity, was higher in Aureo than in Vespucci. These results indicate that the different nitrogen use, and in particular the diverse NR behavior, at tillering, are in part responsible of the cultivar differences in grain yield and GPC.

scholarly journals Role of Nitrogen Uptake and Grain Number on the Determination of Grain Nitrogen Content in Old Durum Wheat Cultivars

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Francesco Giunta ◽  
Marina Mefleh ◽  
Giovanni Pruneddu ◽  
Rosella Motzo
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Grain Number ◽  
Protein Percentage ◽  
N Source

Old durum wheat cultivars are attracting renewed attention due to their suitability to low input agricultural systems. Fourteen old durum wheat cultivars were analyzed in two field trials to assess the effect of grain number and N absorbed and translocated by the crops on grain protein percentage. The mean grain yield was below 3 t ha−1 and strongly associated with the number of grains m−2 (GNO) (r = 0.97 ***). Grain yield displayed a low sensitivity to severe terminal stressful conditions due to the ability of the old durum wheat cultivars to maintain high grain weights despite the high temperatures and short time available for grain filling caused by their late anthesis. The N source for the growing grains was mainly dependent on pre-anthesis N uptake, which was positively associated with the total biomass produced by anthesis. The tall cultivars generally left a greater amount of N m−2 (8–15 g m−2) in their straw compared with shorter ones (5–6 g m−2). The low and variable GNO modulated the amount of N potentially available for each grain and probably limited the possibility of delivering the large N source to the grains. The large grains played a positive role in determining both grain yield (by compensating for the low GNO) and grain protein percentage, as their high grain filling rate was associated with a high N accumulation rate, and hence with a high grain N content and protein percentage.

The variation of phosphorous content, grain yield, and rhizosphere microbial biomass among durum wheat cultivars under salinity stress

2019 ◽  
Vol 66 (12) ◽  
pp. 1721-1734 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khaoula Boudabbous ◽  
Imen Bouhaouel ◽  
Chahine Karmous ◽  
Nadhira Benaissa ◽  
Youssef Trifa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Phosphorous Content

Long term effects of tillage practices and N fertilization in rainfed Mediterranean cropping systems: durum wheat, sunflower and maize grain yield

2016 ◽  
Vol 77 ◽  
pp. 166-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanna Seddaiu ◽  
Ileana Iocola ◽  
Roberta Farina ◽  
Roberto Orsini ◽  
Giuseppe Iezzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
Maize Grain Yield ◽  
Maize Grain

The effects of triazole and strobilurin fungicide programmes on nitrogen uptake, partitioning, remobilization and grain N accumulation in winter wheat cultivars

2003 ◽  
Vol 140 (4) ◽  
pp. 395-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. RUSKE ◽  
M. J. GOODING ◽  
S. A. JONES
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Uptake ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Grain Protein Concentration ◽  
Winter Wheat Cultivars ◽  
The Relationship

Field experiments were conducted over 3 years to assess the effect of a triazole fungicide programme, and additions of strobilurin fungicides to it, on nitrogen uptake, accumulation and partitioning in a range of winter wheat cultivars. Commensurate with delayed senescence, fungicide programmes, particularly when including strobilurins, improved grain yield through improvements in both crop biomass and harvest index, although the relationship with green area duration of the flag leaf (GFLAD) depended on year and in some cases, cultivar. In all years fungicide treatments significantly increased the amount of nitrogen in the above-ground biomass, the amount of nitrogen in the grain and the nitrogen harvest index. All these effects could be linearly related to the fungicide effect on GFLAD. These relationships occasionally interacted with cultivar but there was no evidence that fungicide mode of action affected the relationship between GFLAD and yield of nitrogen in the grain. Fungicide treatments significantly reduced the amount of soil mineral N at harvest and when severe disease had been controlled, the net remobilization of N from the vegetation to the grain after anthesis. Fungicide maintained the filling of grain with both dry matter and nitrogen. The proportionate accumulation of nitrogen in the grain was later than that of dry matter and this difference was greater when fungicide had been applied. Effects of fungicide on grain protein concentration and its relationship with GFLAD were inconsistent over year and cultivar. There were several instances where grain protein concentration was unaffected despite large (1·5 t/ha) increases in grain yield following fungicide use. Dilution of grain protein concentration following fungicide use, when it did occur, was small compared with what would be predicted by adoption of other yield increasing techniques such as the selection of high yielding cultivars (based on currently available cultivars) or by growing wheat in favourable climates.

scholarly journals Transient Waterlogging Events Impair Shoot and Root Physiology and Reduce Grain Yield of Durum Wheat Cultivars

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2357
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Cotrozzi ◽  
Giacomo Lorenzini ◽  
Cristina Nali ◽  
Claudia Pisuttu ◽  
Silvia Pampana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Ion Homeostasis ◽  
Integrated Analysis ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Waterlogging Tolerance ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
Staple Crop

Durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum (Desf.) Husn) is a staple crop of the Mediterranean countries, where more frequent waterlogging events are predicted due to climate change. However, few investigations have been conducted on the physiological and agronomic responses of this crop to waterlogging. The present study provides a comprehensive evaluation of the effects of two waterlogging durations (i.e., 14 and 35 days) on two durum wheat cultivars (i.e., Svevo and Emilio Lepido). An integrated analysis of an array of physiological, biochemical, biometric, and yield parameters was performed at the end of the waterlogging events, during recovery, and at physiological maturity. Results established that effects on durum wheat varied depending on waterlogging duration. This stress imposed at tillering impaired photosynthetic activity of leaves and determined oxidative injury of the roots. The physiological damages could not be fully recovered, subsequently slowing down tiller formation and crop growth, and depressing the final grain yield. Furthermore, differences in waterlogging tolerance between cultivars were discovered. Our results demonstrate that in durum wheat, the energy maintenance, the cytosolic ion homeostasis, and the ROS control and detoxification can be useful physiological and biochemical parameters to consider for the waterlogging tolerance of genotypes, with regard to sustaining biomass production and grain yield.

Nitrogen efficiency of wheat cultivars in a Mediterranean environment

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (8) ◽  
pp. 957 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. K. Anderson ◽  
F. C. Hoyle
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Uptake ◽  
Nitrogen Efficiency ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
High Ability ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Nitrogen Fertiliser ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Applied Nitrogen

Summary. Experiments were conducted at 3 sites in Western Australia in 1993 using 33 wheat cultivars and crossbreds. Two rates of applied nitrogen fertiliser (0 and 40 kg/ha of nitrogen) were used to screen the lines for efficiency of nitrogen uptake, grain yield and grain protein production per unit of nitrogen applied, and nitrogen translocation to the grain. This information can be useful in determining nitrogen fertiliser strategies for wheat cultivars in the field. Nitrogen uptake in the plant tops was measured during the season and in the grain and straw at maturity. Grain yield, grain protein and nitrogen efficiency parameters were not markedly different between grain quality grades which are largely based on grain hardness. Yield efficient lines (high net yield increase per unit of applied nitrogen) were characterised by greater net uptake and net utilisation efficiencies but had similar yields and grain protein percentages as yield inefficient lines. Protein efficient lines (high net grain protein increase per unit of applied nitrogen) also had greater uptake efficiencies but lower utilisation efficiencies than protein inefficient lines. No lines were both yield and protein efficient suggesting that lines either use fertiliser nitrogen preferentially in yield production or in production of protein. The results indicate that in nitrogen-responsive situations it will be more profitable to use yield-efficient lines. Further investigation is needed to examine the suggestion that where soil nitrogen levels are higher (and yield responses to nitrogen are less) a greater economic return may come from using protein efficient lines. Some wheat lines had a high ability to recover fertiliser nitrogen applied to the crop. Others had a high ability to take up soil nitrogen. It is postulated that these differences may be due to differences in root systems. Some mid- and long-season lines that had high concentrations of nitrogen in the tops at anthesis metabolised that nitrogen poorly into grain yield or protein. This suggests that nitrogen efficiency may be partly related to maturity relative to length of growing season.

Use of genetic tolerance in grain crops to overcome subsoil constraints in alkaline cropping soils

Soil Research ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 188 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. Nuttall ◽  
K. B. Hobson ◽  
M. Materne ◽  
D. B. Moody ◽  
R. Munns ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Isogenic Line ◽  
Alkaline Soils ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
High Sodium ◽  
B Uptake

Subsoil physicochemical constraints such as primary salinity and high boron (B) can significantly reduce grain yields across wide areas of Australia. Financially viable amelioration options are limited for cropping systems on these soils, which has raised interest in ‘genetic solutions’. Increasing the tolerance of crops to high salinity and boron that typically co-exist within alkaline soils offers the potential for substantial yield benefits. To assess the contribution that genetic variation can make to crop yield, closely related genotypes differing in B and/or Na+ tolerance of bread and durum wheat, barley, and lentil were compared by growing the different lines in intact soil cores of 2 Calcarosol profiles differing in level of subsoil constraints (‘hostile’/’benign’). The hostile profile had salinity increasing to EC1 : 5 ~1.2 dS/m and B ~18 mg/kg to 0.60 m, whereas in the benign soil EC1 : 5 did not exceed ~0.6 dS/m and B ~11 mg/kg. Grain yields were significantly less on the hostile soil than the benign soil for barley (34%), bread wheat (20%), durum wheat (31%), and lentil (38%). Accumulation of B in shoots was significantly lower on the hostile soil across all crop species, indicating high sodium within the soil was associated with inhibited uptake of B in plants. In contrast, accumulation of Na+ was greater for all cereal crops in the hostile soil compared with the benign soil. Lentil plants with reputed sodium tolerance (CIPAL415) produced a significant yield benefit on both the benign and hostile soil over the commercial line, Nugget. The lentil line with combined Na+ and B tolerance (02-355L*03Hs005) also produced an additional yield increase over CIPAL415 on the hostile soil; however, yield was equivalent on the benign soil. For durum wheat, 2 genotypes differing in Na+ tolerance, containing either the Nax1 or Nax2 genes, accumulated less sodium in the straw than the parent cv. Tamaroi within the hostile soil; however, this did not translate to a yield advantage. For barley, there was no difference in either grain yield or B uptake in either the grain or straw between the B-tolerance line 03_007D_087 and its parent cv. Buloke. Similarly, there was no difference in either grain yield or B uptake between the bread wheat Schomburgk and its B-tolerant near-isogenic line BT-Schomburgk. This study suggests that of the cereal lines tested, there was no obvious benefit in lines with potentially improved tolerance for a single, specific subsoil constraint on alkaline soils where multiple potential constraints exist. In contrast, in lentils, incorporating tolerance to Na+ and B did show promise for increased adaptation to soils with subsoil constraints.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document