The inhibitory effects of yellow mustard (Brassica juncea) and its characteristic pungent ingredient allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) on PhIP formation: focused on the inhibitory pathways of AITC

2021 ◽  
pp. 131398
Author(s):  
Liwen Jiang ◽  
Yong Li ◽  
Chaoyi Xue ◽  
Zhiyong He ◽  
ZhaojunWang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Juncea ◽  
Allyl Isothiocyanate ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Yellow Mustard ◽  
Inhibitory Pathways

scholarly journals Nematicidal activity of crambe extracts on Meloidogyne spp.

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 1857 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sidiane Coltro-Roncato ◽  
José Renato Stangarlin ◽  
Affonso Celso Gonçalves Jr. ◽  
Odair José Kuhn ◽  
Edilaine Della Valentina Gonçalves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Plant Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Allyl Isothiocyanate ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Crambe Abyssinica ◽  
Hydroalcoholic Extract ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Acetone Water ◽  
Meloidogyne Spp

Alternative methods for the control of nematodes, such as the use of plant secondary metabolites, can be explored for integrated pest management systems. The objective of this work was to assess the best solvent for obtaining allyl isothiocyanate from Crambe abyssinica leaves, and the effects of this extract on Meloidogyne incognita and M. javanica. Dry leaves of C. abyssinica at 200 mg L-1 were used to prepare extracts by using water (by infusion and grinding), acetone, water + ethanol (hydroalcoholic extraction), methanol, hexane, and chloroform as solvents. Following the evaporation of the solvents, the residue was resuspended in water for use in the experiments. Distilled water and chemical nematicide were used as control treatments. Once the most effective extracts were defined, the following dosages of dried crambe leaves were used: 0, 200, 300, 400, and 500 mg L-1. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to quantify the allyl isothiocyanate present in the extracts. After the solvents evaporated, the residues were eluted with water and used in assays with 200 eggs for the hatching test or 200 second stage juveniles (J2) for mobility and mortality tests. The hydroalcoholic extract was the most effective in reducing the hatching of M. incognita and M. javanica juveniles, by 71.6 and 74.4 percentage points, respectively. The mortality of M. incognita and M. javanica in the hydroalcoholic extract was 93.2 and 64.4%, respectively, followed by the methanol extract (17.6 and 34%) and the extract obtained by grinding (9.2 and 28%). The hydroalcoholic extract at 250 mg L-1 showed high nematicidal effect. The HPLC analysis of the extracts revealed that only the methanol and hydroalcoholic extracts had allyl isothiocyanate, indicating that the inhibitory effects on the hatching, mobility, and mortality were not solely attributed to the presence of this compound.

A reevaluation of the effects of stimulation of the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus on gastric motility in the rat

2007 ◽  
Vol 292 (1) ◽  
pp. R291-R307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maureen T. Cruz ◽  
Erin C. Murphy ◽  
Niaz Sahibzada ◽  
Joseph G. Verbalis ◽  
Richard A. Gillis
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Motility ◽  
Intragastric Balloon ◽  
Motor Nucleus ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Inhibitory Pathways ◽  
Dorsal Motor Nucleus ◽  
Bilateral Vagotomy ◽  
Oxide Synthase ◽  
Intravenous Atropine ◽  
Stimulation Of

Our primary purpose was to characterize vagal pathways controlling gastric motility by microinjecting l-glutamate into the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV) in the rat. An intragastric balloon was used to monitor motility. In 39 out of 43 experiments, microinjection of l-glutamate into different areas of the DMV rostral to calamus scriptorius (CS) resulted in vagally mediated excitatory effects on motility. We observed little evidence for inhibitory effects, even with intravenous atropine or with activation of gastric muscle muscarinic receptors by intravenous bethanechol. Inhibition of nitric oxide synthase with Nω-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME) HCl did not augment DMV-evoked excitatory effects on gastric motility. Microinjection of l-glutamate into the DMV caudal to CS produced vagally mediated gastric inhibition that was resistant to l-NAME. l-Glutamate microinjected into the medial subnucleus of the tractus solitarius (mNTS) also produced vagally mediated inhibition of gastric motility. Motility responses evoked from the DMV were always blocked by ipsilateral vagotomy, while responses evoked from the mNTS required bilateral vagotomy to be blocked. Microinjection of oxytocin into the DMV inhibited gastric motility, but the effect was never blocked by ipsilateral vagotomy, suggesting that the effect may have been due to diffusion of oxytocin to the mNTS. Microinjection of substance P and N-methyl-d-aspartate into the DMV also produced inhibitory effects attributable to excitation of nearby mNTS neurons. Our results do not support previous studies indicating parallel vagal excitatory and inhibitory pathways originating in the DMV rostral to CS. Our results do support previous findings of vagal inhibitory pathways originating in the DMV caudal to CS.

scholarly journals The Calcium-Activated Chloride Channel TMEM16A is Inhibitied by Liquiritigenin

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mami Kato ◽  
Yasunori Takayama ◽  
Masataka Sunagawa
Keyword(s):  
Chloride Channel ◽  
Transient Receptor Potential ◽  
Receptor Potential ◽  
Allyl Isothiocyanate ◽  
Hydroxyl Group ◽  
Free Calcium ◽  
Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid ◽  
Pharmacological Effects ◽  
Pain Sensation ◽  
Inhibitory Effects

The transmembrane 16 (TMEM16) family contains 10 subtypes, and the function of each protein is different. TMEM16A is a calcium-activated chloride channel involved in physiological and pathological situations. Liquiritigenin is an aglycone derived from Glycyrrhiza glabra, and it is generated via the metabolism of enterobacterial flora. It has been known that liquiritigenin reduces pain sensation involving TMEM16A activation in primary sensory neurons. In addition, other pharmacological effects of liquiritigenin in physiological functions involving TMEM16A have been reported. However, the relationship between TMEM16A and liquiritigenin is still unknown. Therefore, we hypothesized that TMEM16A is inhibited by liquiritigenin. To confirm this hypothesis, we investigated the effect of liquiritigenin on TMEM16A currents evoked by intracellular free calcium in HEK293T cells transfected with TMEM16A. In this study, we found that liquiritigenin inhibited the mouse and human TMEM16A currents. To further confirm its selectivity, we also investigated its pharmacological effects on other ion channels, including transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) and ankyrin 1 (TRPA1), which are non-selective cation channels involved in pain sensation. However, liquiritigenin did not inhibit the currents of TRPV1 and TRPA1 induced by capsaicin and allyl isothiocyanate, respectively. Therefore, our findings indicate that selective TMEM16A inhibition could be one molecular mechanism that explains liquiritigenin-induced pain reduction. Additionally, we also investigated the inhibitory effects of estrogens on TMEM16A because liquiritigenin reportedly binds to the estrogen receptor. In this study, a pregnancy-dependent estrogen, estriol, significantly inhibited TMEM16A. However, the efficacy was weak. Although there is a possibility that TMEM16A activity could be suppressed during pregnancy, the physiological significance seems to be small. Thus, the inhibitory effect of estrogen might not be significant under physiological conditions. Furthermore, we investigated the effect of dihydrodaidzein, which is an analog of liquiritigenin that has a hydroxyphenyl at different carbon atom of pyranose. Dihydrodaidzein also inhibited mouse and human TMEM16A. However, the inhibitory effects were weaker than those of liquiritigenin. This suggests that the efficacy of TMEM16A antagonists depends on the hydroxyl group positions. Our finding of liquiritigenin-dependent TMEM16A inhibition could connect the current fragmented knowledge of the physiological and pathological mechanisms involving TMEM16A and liquiritigenin.

scholarly journals Quantitative and Qualitative Analysis of Eruca sativa and Brassica juncea Seeds by UPLC-DAD and UPLC-ESI-QTOF

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1701200
Author(s):  
Arti Sharma ◽  
Ritika Sharma ◽  
Rohit Arora ◽  
Saroj Arora ◽  
Bikram Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Brassica Juncea ◽  
Allyl Isothiocyanate ◽  
Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Eruca Sativa ◽  
Benzyl Isothiocyanate ◽  
Simultaneous Quantification ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Brassicaceae Family

Eruca sativa and Brassica juncea belong to the Brassicaceae family and have been used traditionally for the treatment of cancer and various cardiovascular ailments. A rapid and simple ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) method has been developed for the simultaneous quantification of erucin, allyl isothiocyanate and benzyl isothiocyanate in E. sativa and B. juncea oil. Eruca sativa oil contains erucin (28.93%), allyl isothiocyanate (0.06%) and benzyl isothiocyanate (0.70%). Identification of other secondary metabolites in E. sativa and B. juncea oil and aqueous methanolic extracts were also carried out using ultra performance liquid chromatography-electro spray ionization-quadrupole time of flight (UPLC-ESI-QTOF). The UPLC-ESI-QTOF based study leads to the identification of ten compounds in B. juncea oil and three compounds in E. sativa oil. The UPLC-ESI-QTOF analysis of aqueous methanolic extracts of E. sativa and B. juncea leads to the identification of eight and nine compounds, respectively.

Response of mustard to fertilization, seeding date, and seeding rate in southern Alberta

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 353-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. McKenzie ◽  
A. B. Middleton ◽  
E. Bremer
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Juncea ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Fertilizer Rate ◽  
Yellow Mustard ◽  
Seeding Date ◽  
Southern Alberta ◽  
P Fertilizer ◽  
Oriental Mustard

Yellow mustard (Sinapsis alba L.), brown mustard (Brassica juncea L.), and oriental mustard (B. juncea) have been grown in Alberta since the 1950s, but limited agronomic information specific for this crop is available. The objective of this study was to determine the response of mustard to fertilization, seeding date and seeding rate in southern Alberta. Field experiments were conducted at 20 field sites over a 4-yr period (1999–2002) under irrigated and dryland (fallow and stubble) conditions. Five experiments were conducted with the following treatments: (1) N fertilizer rate (0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 kg N ha-1), (2) urea placement (seed-placed and side-banded urea at rates of 0 to 120 kg N ha-1), (3) P fertilizer rate (0, 6.5, and 13.1 kg P ha-1), (4) S fertilizer rate (0, 10 and 20 kg S ha-1), and (5) seeding date (three dates at approximately 10-d intervals) and seeding rate (target plant densities of 75, 125, 175, 225, and 300 plants m-2). Experiment 1 was conducted with yellow mustard (AC Pennant), oriental mustard (Forge), brown mustard (Commercial Brown) and canola (Q2) (Brassica napus L.), while the remaining experiments were only conducted with yellow mustard. For maximum seed yield, mustard required 95 kg of available N Mg-1 of potential seed yield. Potential yields were closely related to available moisture, increasing 7 to 8 kg ha-1 for every mm increase in available moisture above a minimum moisture requirement of 90 mm. Seed-placed urea reduced plant stand at rates as low as 30 kg N ha-1 and reduced seed yield at rates of 60 to 120 kg N ha-1. Fourteen of 20 sites had a greater than 3% positive yield benefit due to P fertilizer. Mustard did not benefit from S fertilizer application. Delay in seeding by 3–4 wk, compared with seeding in late April to mid-May, reduced seed yield of yellow mustard by an average of 37%. Seed yield increased with seeding rate, but the maximum gain in seed yield due to high seeding rates was only 200 kg ha-1, with significant increases obtained only under very dry conditions. Early seeding and adequate N fertility were the most important agronomic practices for achieving high yields of mustard in southern Alberta. Key words: Sinapsis alba, Brassica juncea, yield, oil, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, water-use efficiency

scholarly journals AFLP and SSR markers linked to the yellow seed colour gene in Brassica juncea L.

2011 ◽  
Vol 47 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 149-155
Author(s):  
Z. Huang ◽  
Y. Zhang ◽  
H.Q. Li ◽  
L. Yang ◽  
Y.Y. Ban ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Juncea ◽  
Ssr Markers ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Recessive Allele ◽  
Erucic Acid Content ◽  
Sequence Information ◽  
Seed Colour ◽  
Yellow Seed ◽  
Yellow Mustard ◽  
Colour Gene

Yellow mustard, cultivated in northern Shaanxi of China, is a valuable germplasm of Brassica juncea with low erucic acid content. Its yellow seed colour is controlled by a recessive allele of a single gene, whose dominant allele conditions brown seed colour. To map the yellow seed colour allele, amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and simple sequence repeat (SSR) technologies were used to identify markers linked to the recessive allele. The analysis was done on 386 F<sub>2</sub> plants, segregating for seed colour, from the cross Wuqi yellow mustard &times; Wugong mustard. The plants were selfed to determine their seed colour genotype. Twenty AFLP markers and eight SSR markers were identified from 256 AFLP primer combinations and 624 pairs of SSR primers, respectively. Blast analysis indicated that the sequences of four closely linked AFLP and SSR markers showed good collinearity with those of Arabidopsis chromosome 3, and the homologue of the yellow seed colour allele was located between At3g14190 and At3g32130. Sequence information of the region between the two genes of Arabidopsis could be used to develop more closely linked markers to narrow down the homologue of the yellow seed colour allele. These results would accelerate the procedure of yellow seed colour gene cloning and marker-assisted selection for yellow mustard.&nbsp;

Alternative oilseed crops for biodiesel feedstock on the Canadian prairies

2011 ◽  
Vol 91 (5) ◽  
pp. 889-896 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Blackshaw ◽  
Eric Johnson ◽  
Yantai Gan ◽  
William May ◽  
David McAndrew ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Juncea ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Oilseed Crops ◽  
Yellow Mustard ◽  
Ethiopian Mustard ◽  
Biodiesel Feedstock ◽  
Oil Concentration ◽  
Oriental Mustard

Blackshaw, R. E., Johnson, E. N., Gan, Y., May, W. E., McAndrew, D. W., Barthet, V., McDonald, T. and Wispinski, D. 2011. Alternative oilseed crops for biodiesel feedstock on the Canadian prairies. Can. J. Plant Sci. 91: 889–896. Increased demand for biodiesel feedstock has encouraged greater napus canola (Brassica napus L.) production, but there may be a need for greater production of other oilseed crops for this purpose. A multi-site field study was conducted to determine the oil yield potential of various crops relative to that of napus canola in the semi-arid, short-season environment of the Canadian prairies. Oilseed crops evaluated included rapa canola (Brassica rapa L.), juncea canola (Brassica juncea L.), Ethiopian mustard (Brassica carinata L.), oriental mustard (Brassica juncea L.), yellow mustard (Sinapis alba L.), camelina (Camelina sativa L.), flax (Linum usitatissimum L.), and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Max.]. Crop emergence and growth were generally good for all crops, but soybean did not fully mature at some locations. The number of site-years (out of a total of 9) that crops attained similar or greater yields compared to napus canola were camelina (6), oriental mustard (5), juncea canola (3), flax (3), soybean (3), rapa canola (2), yellow mustard (2), and Ethiopian mustard (1). The ranking of seed oil concentration was napus canola=rapa canola= juncea canola=flax>camelina=oriental mustard>Ethiopian mustard>yellow mustard>soybean. Considering yield and oil concentration, the alternative oilseed crops exhibiting the most potential for biodiesel feedstock were camelina, flax, rapa canola and oriental mustard. Oils of all crops were easily converted to biodiesel and quality analyses indicated that all crops would be suitable for biodiesel feedstock with the addition of antioxidants that are routinely utilized in biodiesel fuels.

The role of myrosinase in the development of toxicity toward Nematospora in mustard seed

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 521-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Holley ◽  
J. D. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Allyl Isothiocyanate ◽  
Mustard Seed ◽  
Hydroxybenzoic Acid ◽  
Yellow Mustard ◽  
Hydrolysis Products ◽  
Spread Of Infection ◽  
Hydroxybenzyl Alcohol

The toxicity of contaminated mustard seed toward Nematospora yeast was due to the action of endogenous myrosinase upon the glucosinolates, sinigrin from Brassicajuncea, and sinalbin from B. hirta seeds to produce toxic hydrolysis products. Allyl isothiocyanate from sinigrin was lethal at 20–35 μg/mL while p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol and p-hydroxybenzoic acid from sinalbin were toxic at >600 and >800 μg/mL, respectively. Two cultivars of rapeseed (B. campestris cv. Echo and cv. Candle) contained only trace amounts of sinigrin and sinalbin and were not toxic to the yeast. The activation of myrosinase during germination of oriental and yellow mustard and the production of toxic hydrolytic compounds may limit the spread of infection by reducing the reservoir of viable yeast in the seed. No evidence was obtained to suggest a role for these toxic products in resistance of the plant to invasion by Nematospora.

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