Quaternized chitosan as a biopolymer sanitizer for leafy vegetables: synthesis, characteristics, and traditional vs. dry nano-aerosol applications

WHO declared Covid 19 /SARS -COV-2 as a global pandemic.Till date, there is no medicine for COVID-19. If the Infection arises in the body then the defence mechanism activated against infection. A recent study suggests that temporarily augmenting the body's immune system in the early stages of COVID-19 can help patient to avoid severe symptoms as it is rightly said prevention is better than cure. Ayurveda approaches to develop physiological reactions to facilitate immunity. Planning of diet is most important to boost immunity.As per many researches to provide supplementary food which contains Zinc, Vitamin C,Vitamin D and immunity boosting foodsuch as citrus natural products, custard apple, apple, papaya is among the Fruits. Vegetables include broccoli, onion, garlic and green leafy vegetables. Nuts, ginger, turmeric, pepper, egg yolk, shellfish, mushroom. The need of the hour is a quick boost to immune system to keep it fit, fighting. One should get the right amount of nutrients from the diet, supplementation regimen to boost immune system.In this review, there are few common supplements and super food studies have been included. It might be a torch bearer as sample menu and their alternatives are given for a normal adult. Needy may change contemplated according to age, sex, body mass index and daily physical activities.

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NEUTRALIZATION OF THE ANTICOAGULANT ACTIVITY OF HEPARIN BY CONJUGATES QUATERNIZED CHITOSAN WITH GALLIC ACID

Izvestia Ufimskogo Nauchnogo Tsentra RAN ◽

10.31040/2222-8349-2018-2-3-7-12 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 7-12

Author(s):

N.N. Drozd ◽

◽

A.P. Lun'kov ◽

A.V. Il'ina ◽

V.P. Varlamov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gallic Acid ◽

Anticoagulant Activity ◽

Quaternized Chitosan

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Urbanization and Changes in Cropping Patterns at Kathmandu Valley

Nepal Journal of Science and Technology ◽

10.3126/njst.v7i0.581 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

pp. 113 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Raj Man Shrestha

Keyword(s):

Urban Areas ◽

Cropping System ◽

Considerable Change ◽

Rapid Expansion ◽

Leafy Vegetables ◽

Kathmandu Valley ◽

Rapid Urbanization ◽

Average Growth ◽

Cropping Patterns ◽

Agriculture Land

The increase of population in Kathmandu valley is bringing a considerable change in cropping system. Rapid urbanization and introduction of new agriculture technology have encouraged the valley’s farmers to change their cropping patterns from traditional (low value crops) to new crops (high value crops). According to numerous studies made in Nepal, the change is seen considerably in winter crops than in summer crops and the land under cultivation of green leafy vegetables is increasing rapidly in the urban and semi-urban areas. An average growth of population at 3 % in the valley during the period 1951-2001 has resulted in the rapid expansion of area under urban coverage (24.6 % growth per year from 1984 - 2000) has made agriculture land of Katmandu valley to decline per year by 2.04 % (836.27 ha per year). If this trend of decline in agriculture land in Kathmandu valley continues in future too, it is expected that there will be no agriculture land left over by two and half decades in the valley. The planners should take note of this fact that if fertile land of Katmandu valley is to be preserved for agriculture necessary planning is urgently needed. <i>Nepal Journal of Science and Technology</i> Vol. 7, 2006

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Effects of Plant Age and Root Damage on Internalization of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli in Leafy Vegetables and Herbs

Horticulturae ◽

10.3390/horticulturae7040068 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 68

Author(s):

Yi-Ju Wang ◽

Amanda J. Deering ◽

Hye-Ji Kim

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Plant Species ◽

Shiga Toxin ◽

Production Systems ◽

Plant Age ◽

Leafy Vegetables ◽

Root Damage ◽

Hygiene Practices ◽

Hydroponic Systems ◽

Stx1 Gene

Our previous study reported that fresh produce grown in aquaponic and hydroponic systems can pose potential food safety hazards due to an accidental introduction of contaminated fish and cross-contamination between the systems. In this study, we examined the effects of plant species and age on the likelihood and level of internalization of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) in aquaponic and hydroponic systems. Four plant species, basil (Ocimum basilicum L. cv. Genovese), cilantro (Coriandrum Sativum L.), lettuce (Lactuca sativa cv. Cherokee), and kale (Brassica oleracea var. sabellica), received root damage treatment as seedlings before transplanting or mature plants at three weeks after transplanting by cutting off 1-cm tips of one-third of the roots. Enrichments and selective media were used for the isolation, and presumptive positive colonies were confirmed by PCR for the presence of stx1 gene in plant tissues, recirculating water, and fish feces collected at four weeks after transplanting. In hydroponic systems, STEC was found neither in the solution nor in the roots and leaves of all four plant species, possibly through improved sanitation and hygiene practices. However, consistent with our previous findings, STEC was found in the water, on the plant roots, and in the fish feces in aquaponic systems, even after thorough sanitation prior to the study. Regardless of plant age, STEC was internalized in the roots of all plant species when the roots were damaged, but there was no difference in the degree of internalization with STEC among plant species. STEC was present in the leaves only when seedlings received root damage treatment and were grown to maturity, indicating that root damage allows STEC to internalize in the roots within a week, but a longer period is required for STEC to internalize into the leaves. We concluded that root damage on seedlings can cause the internalization of E. coli O157:H7 in the edible parts of leafy vegetables and herbs in soilless production systems.

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Potential Risk of Consuming Vegetables Planted in Soil with Lead and Cadmium and the Influence on Vegetable Antioxidant Activity

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11093761 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (9) ◽

pp. 3761

Author(s):

Wen-Lii Huang ◽

Wei-Hsiang Chang ◽

Shu-Fen Cheng ◽

Huai-Yuan Li ◽

Hsiu-Ling Chen

Keyword(s):

Sweet Potato ◽

Contaminated Soils ◽

Vegetable Consumption ◽

Accumulation Rate ◽

Leafy Vegetables ◽

Water Spinach ◽

Potato Leaf ◽

Cd Accumulation ◽

Lead And Cadmium ◽

Cd Exposure

Once in soil and water, metals can enter the food chain, and the consumption of contaminated crops can pose a serious risk to human health. This study used pot experiments to evaluate the accumulation of metal elements and their influence on levels of antioxidants in vegetables. The current study clearly demonstrates that metals accumulated in the five vegetables that were planted in the contaminated soils, especially so for water spinach. Cd accumulation of all of the vegetables planted in the contaminated soils was greater Cu. The low accumulation rate that was seen in sweet potato leaf, potato, and tomato indicated their suitability for planting in suspected contaminated soil, such as at farms nearby metal industries, in replacement of high accumulators, such as leafy vegetables. The non-carcinogenic HI of Cd exposure from water spinach and sweet potato were >1, whereas those for Cu were <1. This study suggests that residents may experience health risks due to vegetable consumption, and that children are vulnerable to the adverse effects of heavy metal ingestion.

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Correction: Piras, A.M., et al. Antibacterial, Antibiofilm, and Antiadhesive Properties of Different Quaternized Chitosan Derivatives. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2019, 20, 6297

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22052511 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (5) ◽

pp. 2511

Author(s):

Anna Maria Piras ◽

Semih Esin ◽

Arianna Benedetti ◽

Giuseppantonio Maisetta ◽

Angela Fabiano ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chitosan Derivatives ◽

Quaternized Chitosan

The authors wish to make the following corrections to this paper [...]

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Do dietary patterns and morbidities have a relationship with primary infertility among women? A study from NFHS-4 (2015–16), India

Journal of Biosocial Science ◽

10.1017/s0021932021000274 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-16

Author(s):

Sayeed Unisa ◽

Kanchan Negi ◽

Sucharita Pujari ◽

Vaishali Chaurasia

Keyword(s):

Dietary Patterns ◽

Family Health ◽

Severe Anaemia ◽

Married Women ◽

Leafy Vegetables ◽

Thyroid Disorder ◽

Daily Consumption ◽

High Blood Glucose ◽

Green Leafy Vegetables ◽

Primary Infertility

Abstract This study assessed the rate of primary infertility and its associated factors among 402,807 currently married women aged 20–49 years in India using National Family Health Survey-4 data collected in 2015–2016. Dietary patterns and selected morbidities were included as independent variables, and socioeconomic variables were considered as covariates. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were done to estimate the prevalence of primary infertility and assess its association with the selected variables, respectively. The rate of primary infertility among currently married women in India in 2015–16 was 1.9% and this was significantly associated with younger age (<35 years), higher age at marriage (≥18 years), urban residence, higher secondary or above education and poverty. The consumption of dairy products (OR = 0.79, CI = 0.73–0.86), dark green leafy vegetables (OR = 0.57, CI = 0.39–0.81) and fruit (OR = 0.88, CI = 0.77–1.01) significantly reduced the odds of primary infertility. Daily consumption of fish and aerated drinks was related to 1.06–1.21 times higher odds of primary infertility. Overweight/obesity, high blood pressure and high blood glucose levels were associated with 1.08–1.21 times elevated odds of primary infertility. Thyroid disorder (OR = 1.38, CI = 1.21–1.60), heart disease (OR = 1.17, CI = 1.16–1.19) and severe anaemia (OR = 1.24, CI = 1.00–1.53) were associated with an increased likelihood of primary infertility among women (OR 1.17–1.39, CI 1.00–1.60). The findings provide compelling evidence that primary infertility among women is related to dietary patterns and morbidities. Interventions and programmes targeting the promotion of healthy diets and lifestyles could be beneficial in addressing the issue of primary infertility among women.

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Traditional food taboos and practices during pregnancy, postpartum recovery, and infant care of Zulu women in northern KwaZulu-Natal

Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine ◽

10.1186/s13002-021-00451-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Mmbulaheni Ramulondi ◽

Helene de Wet ◽

Nontuthuko Rosemary Ntuli

Keyword(s):

Rural Communities ◽

Formal Education ◽

Fruits And Vegetables ◽

Infant Care ◽

Leafy Vegetables ◽

Traditional Food ◽

Food Taboos ◽

Pregnancy And Postpartum ◽

Kwazulu Natal ◽

Postpartum Recovery

Abstract Background Traditional practices and beliefs influence and support the behavior of women during pregnancy and childbirth in different parts of the world. Not much research has been conducted to examine whether and how cultural traditions continue to shape maternity experiences of Zulu women. The aim of this study is to establish the extent at which women in certain rural communities adhere to traditional food taboos and practices during pregnancy, postpartum recovery, and infants feeding, in comparison to what is recommended by health care workers. Methods A survey was conducted in the rural northern KwaZulu-Natal between 2017 and 2020. A total of 140 women between the ages of 18 and 90 years were interviewed and they were chosen purposively based on their experiences in pregnancy, postpartum recovery, infant care, and their willingness to share the knowledge. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results Most (64%) of the participants said that they adhered to these cultural food taboos and practices. The most common foods avoided were certain fruits [mango, naartjie, orange, papaya, and peach], butternut, eggs, sweets (sugar, commercial juice, sweet food, and honey), chili, ice, and alcohol. The most recommended foods during pregnancy were leafy vegetables, fruits (except the avoided ones), liver, and fish. For postpartum recovery, women mostly consumed soft porridge, all fruits and vegetables, beetroot, and tea. Food not allowed for children younger than 2 years included meat, sugar and sweets, and chewable foods. Conclusion Differences on food taboos and practices between participants who received formal education and those who did not received it were insignificant. The beliefs about the detrimental effects of some foods were not backed up by scientific research. Restriction of some orange/yellow colored fruits during pregnancy that are rich in vitamin A and/or C may affect daily requirements of these micronutrients, and the foods recommended during pregnancy and postpartum period would not provide all the essential nutrients required for successful pregnancy. However, some of the food taboos would protect women from unhealthy eating. Our findings provide a basis for developing culturally appropriate nutritional mediation programs for Zulu women with a view to provide effective nutritional counseling.

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